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Hosokawa Y, Matsuoka M, Sakai Y, Fukuda R, Matsugasaki K, Homan K, Furukawa JI, Onodera T, Iwasaki N. Depletion of b-series ganglioside prevents limb length discrepancy after growth plate injury. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:565. [PMID: 39033138 PMCID: PMC11264953 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth plate damage in long bones often results in progressive skeletal growth imbalance and deformity, leading to significant physical problems. Gangliosides, key glycosphingolipids in cartilage, are notably abundant in articular cartilage and regulate chondrocyte homeostasis. This suggests their significant roles in regulating growth plate cartilage repair. METHODS Chondrocytes from 3 to 5 day-old C57BL/6 mice underwent glycoblotting and mass spectrometry. Based on the results of the glycoblotting analysis, we employed GD3 synthase knockout mice (GD3-/-), which lack b-series gangliosides. In 3-week-old mice, physeal injuries were induced in the left tibiae, with right tibiae sham operated. Tibiae were analyzed at 5 weeks postoperatively for length and micro-CT for growth plate height and bone volume at injury sites. Tibial shortening ratio and bone mineral density were measured by micro-CT. RESULTS Glycoblotting analysis indicated that b-series gangliosides were the most prevalent in physeal chondrocytes among ganglioside series. At 3 weeks, GD3-/- exhibited reduced tibial shortening (14.7 ± 0.2 mm) compared to WT (15.0 ± 0.1 mm, P = 0.03). By 5 weeks, the tibial lengths in GD3-/- (16.0 ± 0.4 mm) closely aligned with sham-operated lengths (P = 0.70). Micro-CT showed delayed physeal bridge formation in GD3-/-, with bone volume measuring 168.9 ± 5.8 HU at 3 weeks (WT: 180.2 ± 3.2 HU, P = 0.09), but normalizing by 5 weeks. CONCLUSION This study highlights that GD3 synthase knockout mice inhibit physeal bridge formation after growth plate injury, proposing a new non-invasive approach for treating skeletal growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Hosokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masatake Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yuko Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keizumi Matsugasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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Homan K, Onodera T, Matsuoka M, Iwasaki N. Glycosphingolipids in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage-Regeneration Therapy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects Based on a Narrative Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4890. [PMID: 38732111 PMCID: PMC11084896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a subtype of glycolipids containing sphingosine, are critical components of vertebrate plasma membranes, playing a pivotal role in cellular signaling and interactions. In human articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA), GSL expression is known notably to decrease. This review focuses on the roles of gangliosides, a specific type of GSL, in cartilage degeneration and regeneration, emphasizing their regulatory function in signal transduction. The expression of gangliosides, whether endogenous or augmented exogenously, is regulated at the enzymatic level, targeting specific glycosyltransferases. This regulation has significant implications for the composition of cell-surface gangliosides and their impact on signal transduction in chondrocytes and progenitor cells. Different levels of ganglioside expression can influence signaling pathways in various ways, potentially affecting cell properties, including malignancy. Moreover, gene manipulations against gangliosides have been shown to regulate cartilage metabolisms and chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. This review highlights the potential of targeting gangliosides in the development of therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis and cartilage injury and addresses promising directions for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.); (N.I.)
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Xu L, Hanamatsu H, Homan K, Onodera T, Miyazaki T, Furukawa JI, Hontani K, Tian Y, Baba R, Iwasaki N. Alterations of Glycosphingolipid Glycans and Chondrogenic Markers during Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Chondrocytes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1622. [PMID: 33271874 PMCID: PMC7760376 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited intrinsic healing potential of cartilage, injury to this tissue may lead to osteoarthritis. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can be differentiated into chondrocytes, are a promising source of cells for cartilage regenerative therapy. Currently, however, the methods for evaluating chondrogenic differentiation of iPSCs are very limited; the main techniques are based on the detection of chondrogenic genes and histological analysis of the extracellular matrix. The cell surface is coated with glycocalyx, a layer of glycoconjugates including glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and glycoproteins. The glycans in glycoconjugates play important roles in biological events, and their expression and structure vary widely depending on cell types and conditions. In this study, we performed a quantitative GSL-glycan analysis of human iPSCs, iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cell like cells (iPS-MSC like cells), iPS-MSC-derived chondrocytes (iPS-MSC-CDs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and BMSC-derived chondrocytes (BMSC-CDs) using glycoblotting technology. We found that GSL-glycan profiles differed among cell types, and that the GSL-glycome underwent a characteristic alteration during the process of chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we analyzed the GSL-glycome of normal human cartilage and found that it was quite similar to that of iPS-MSC-CDs. This is the first study to evaluate GSL-glycan structures on human iPS-derived cartilaginous particles under micromass culture conditions and those of normal human cartilage. Our results indicate that GSL-glycome analysis is useful for evaluating target cell differentiation and can thus support safe regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan;
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takuji Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan;
| | - Kazutoshi Hontani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Rikiya Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; (L.X.); (K.H.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (Y.T.); (R.B.); (N.I.)
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan;
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Ganglioside GM3 Up-Regulate Chondrogenic Differentiation by Transform Growth Factor Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061967. [PMID: 32183071 PMCID: PMC7139639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, also known as multipotent stromal progenitor cells, can differentiate into cells of mesodermal lineage. Gangliosides are sialic acid-conjugated glycosphingolipids that are believed to regulate cell differentiation and several signaling molecules. These molecules are localized in glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface and are regulated by glycosphingolipid composition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in chondrogenic differentiation. However, the role of gangliosides in chondrogenesis is not understood. In this study, the relationship between the ganglioside GM3 and TGF-β activation, during chondrogenic differentiation, was investigated using an aggregate culture of human synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We showed that the gangliosides GM3 and GD3 were expressed after the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSC aggregates. To test whether GM3 affected the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSC aggregates, we used GM3 treatment during chondrogenic differentiation. The results showed that the group treated with 5 μM GM3 had higher expression of chondrogenic specific markers, increased toluidine blue, and safranin O staining, and increased accumulation of glycosaminoglycans compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, GM3 treatment enhanced TGF-β signaling via SMAD 2/3 during the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSC aggregates. Taken together, our results suggested that GM3 may be useful in developing therapeutic agents for cell-based articular cartilage regeneration in articular cartilage disease.
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Matsubara S, Onodera T, Maeda E, Momma D, Matsuoka M, Homan K, Ohashi T, Iwasaki N. Depletion of glycosphingolipids induces excessive response of chondrocytes under mechanical stress. J Biomech 2019; 94:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alteration of the Total Cellular Glycome during Late Differentiation of Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143546. [PMID: 31331074 PMCID: PMC6678350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal articular cartilage, chondrocytes do not readily proliferate or terminally differentiate, and exhibit a low level of metabolism. Hypertrophy-like changes of chondrocytes have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by inducing protease-mediated cartilage degradation and calcification; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. Glycans are located on the outermost cell surface. Dynamic cellular differentiation can be monitored and quantitatively characterized by profiling the glycan structures of total cellular glycoproteins. This study aimed to clarify the alterations in glycans upon late differentiation of chondrocytes, during which hypertrophy-like changes occur. Primary mouse chondrocytes were differentiated using an insulin-induced chondro-osteogenic differentiation model. Comprehensive glycomics, including N-glycans, O-glycans, free oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycan, and glycosphingolipid, were analyzed for the chondrocytes after 0-, 10- and 20-days cultivation. The comparison and clustering of the alteration of glycans upon hypertrophy-like changes of primary chondrocytes were performed. Comprehensive glycomic analyses provided complementary alterations in the levels of various glycans derived from glycoconjugates during hypertrophic differentiation. In addition, expression of genes related to glycan biosynthesis and metabolic processes was significantly correlated with glycan alterations. Our results indicate that total cellular glycan alterations are closely associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and help to describe the glycophenotype by chondrocytes and their hypertrophic differentiation. our results will assist the identification of diagnostic and differentiation biomarkers in the future.
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Russo D, Capolupo L, Loomba JS, Sticco L, D'Angelo G. Glycosphingolipid metabolism in cell fate specification. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/24/jcs219204. [PMID: 30559216 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic plasma membranes that consist of a ceramide backbone linked to a glycan moiety. Both the ceramide and the glycan parts of GSLs display structural variations that result in a remarkable repertoire of diverse compounds. This diversity of GSLs is exploited during embryogenesis, when different GSLs are produced at specific developmental stages and along several differentiation trajectories. Importantly, plasma membrane receptors interact with GSLs to modify their activities. Consequently, two otherwise identical cells can respond differently to the same stimulus owing to their different GSL composition. The metabolic reprograming of GSLs is in fact a necessary part of developmental programs, as its impairment results in developmental failure or tissue-specific defects. Moreover, single-cell variability is emerging as a fundamental player in development: GSL composition displays cell-to-cell variability in syngeneic cell populations owing to the regulatory gene expression circuits involved in microenvironment adaptation and in differentiation. Here, we discuss how GSLs are synthesized and classified and review the role of GSLs in the establishment and maintenance of cell identity. We further highlight the existence of the regulatory circuits that modify GSL pathways and speculate how GSL heterogeneity might contribute to developmental patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Russo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaipreet Singh Loomba
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Sticco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy .,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Shin D, Kim EA, Kim YY, Kim MS, Kim JH, Ahn CW, Park SH, Lee KW, Kim JH, Kim JY. Deer Bone Extract Supplementation for Mild-to-Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2018; 21:159-166. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Ae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hwa Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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Sandhoff R, Schulze H, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside Metabolism in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:1-62. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Depletion of Gangliosides Enhances Articular Cartilage Repair in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43729. [PMID: 28252046 PMCID: PMC5333092 DOI: 10.1038/srep43729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the healing mechanisms in damaged tissues is a critical step for establishing breakthroughs in tissue engineering. Articular cartilage is clinically one of the most successful tissues to be repaired with regenerative medicine because of its homogeneous extracellular matrix and few cell types. However, we only poorly understand cartilage repair mechanisms, and hence, regenerated cartilage remains inferior to the native tissues. Here, we show that glycosylation is an important process for hypertrophic differentiation during articular cartilage repair. GM3, which is a precursor molecule for most gangliosides, was transiently expressed in surrounding damaged tissue, and depletion of GM3 synthase enhanced cartilage repair. Gangliosides also regulated chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Indian hedgehog pathway. These results identify a novel mechanism of cartilage healing through chondrocyte hypertrophy that is regulated by glycosylation. Manipulation of gangliosides and their synthases may have beneficial effects on articular cartilage repair.
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Suh HJ, Lee H, Min BJ, Jung SU, Jung EY. Effects of gangliosides from deer bone extract on the gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen type II in interleukin-1β-induced osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:569-574. [PMID: 27909553 PMCID: PMC5126405 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.6.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of deer bone extract on the gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen type II (COL2) in interleukin-1β-induced osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS Primary rabbit chondrocytes were treated as follows: CON (PBS treatment), NC (IL-1β treatment), PC (IL-1β + 100 µg/mL glucosamine sulphate/chondroitin sulphate mixture), and DB (IL-1β + 100 µg/mL deer bone extract). RESULTS The results of the cell viability assay indicated that deer bone extract at doses ranging from 100 to 500 µg/mL inhibits cell death in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. Deer bone extract was able to significantly recover the mRNA expression of COL2 that was down-regulated by IL-1β (NC: 0.79 vs. DB: 0.87, P < 0.05) and significantly decrease the mRNA expression of MMP-3 (NC: 2.24 vs. DB: 1.75) and -13 (NC: 1.28 vs. DB: 0.89) in OA chondrocytes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that deer bone extract induces accumulation of COL2 through the down-regulation of MMPs in IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes. Our results suggest that deer bone extract, which contains various components related to OA, including chondroitin sulphate, may possess anti-osteoarthritic properties and be of value in inhibiting the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Lotte Confectionery Co. Ltd, Seoul 07207, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 55069, Korea
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Sasazawa F, Onodera T, Yamashita T, Seito N, Tsukuda Y, Fujitani N, Shinohara Y, Iwasaki N. Depletion of gangliosides enhances cartilage degradation in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:313-22. [PMID: 24333297 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous membrane components that play a functional role in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis. We investigated the potential role of gangliosides, one of the major components of GSLs, in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. DESIGN Both age-associated and instability-induced OA models were generated using GM3 synthase knockout (GM3S(-/-)) mice. A cartilage degradation model and transiently GM3S-transfected chondrocytes were analyzed to evaluate the function of gangliosides in OA development. The amount of each series of GSLs in chondrocytes after IL-1α stimulation was profiled using mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS OA changes in GM3S(-/-) mice were dramatically enhanced with aging compared to those in wild-type (WT) mice. GM3S(-/-) mice showed more severe instability-induced pathologic OA in vivo. Ganglioside deficiency also led to the induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and ADAMTS-5 secretion and chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, transient GM3S transfection of chondrocytes suppressed MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression after interleukin (IL)-1α stimulation. GSL profiling revealed the presence of abundant gangliosides in chondrocytes after IL-1α stimulation. CONCLUSION Gangliosides play a critical role in OA pathogenesis by regulating the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 and chondrocyte apoptosis. Based on the obtained results, we propose that gangliosides are potential target molecules for the development of novel OA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sasazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - T Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - T Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Azabu University, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - N Seito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Y Tsukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - N Fujitani
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Y Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - N Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Jennemann R, Gröne HJ. Cell-specific in vivo functions of glycosphingolipids: lessons from genetic deletions of enzymes involved in glycosphingolipid synthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:231-48. [PMID: 23473748 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are believed to be involved in many cellular events including trafficking, signaling and cellular interactions. Over the past decade considerable progress was made elucidating the function of GSLs by generating and exploring animal models with GSL-deficiency. Initial studies focused on exploring the role of complex sialic acid containing GSLs (gangliosides) in neuronal tissue. Although complex gangliosides were absent, surprisingly, the phenotype observed was rather mild. In subsequent studies, several mouse models with combinations of gene-deletions encoding GSL-synthesizing enzymes were developed. The results indicated that reduction of GSL-complexity correlated with severity of phenotypes. However, in these mice, accumulation of precursor GSLs or neobiosynthesized GSL-series seemed to partly compensate the loss of GSLs. Thus, UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg), catalyzing the basic step of the glucosylceramide-based GSL-biosynthesis, was genetically disrupted. A total systemic deletion of Ugcg caused early embryonic lethality. Therefore, Ugcg was eliminated in a cell-specific manner using the cre/loxP-system. New insights into the cellular function of GSLs were gained. It was demonstrated that neurons require GSLs for differentiation and maintenance. In keratinocytes, preservation of the skin barrier depends on GSL synthesis and in enterocytes of the small intestine GSLs are involved in endocytosis and vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Seito N, Yamashita T, Tsukuda Y, Matsui Y, Urita A, Onodera T, Mizutani T, Haga H, Fujitani N, Shinohara Y, Minami A, Iwasaki N. Interruption of glycosphingolipid synthesis enhances osteoarthritis development in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2579-88. [PMID: 22391889 DOI: 10.1002/art.34463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous membrane components that modulate transmembrane signaling and mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. GSL expression is decreased in the articular cartilage of humans with osteoarthritis (OA). This study was undertaken to determine the functional role of GSLs in cartilage metabolism related to OA pathogenesis in mice. METHODS We generated mice with knockout of the chondrocyte-specific Ugcg gene, which encodes an initial enzyme of major GSL synthesis, using the Cre/loxP system (Col2-Ugcg(-/-) mice). In vivo OA and in vitro cartilage degradation models were used to evaluate the effect of GSLs on the cartilage degradation process. RESULTS Although Col2-Ugcg(-/-) mice developed and grew normally, OA changes in these mice were dramatically enhanced with aging, through the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and chondrocyte apoptosis, compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. Col2-Ugcg(-/-) mice showed more severe instability-induced pathologic OA in vivo and interleukin-1α (IL-1α)-induced cartilage degradation in vitro. IL-1α stimulation of chondrocytes from WT mice significantly increased Ugcg messenger RNA expression and up-regulated GSL metabolism. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that GSL deficiency in mouse chondrocytes enhances the development of OA. However, this deficiency does not affect the development and organization of cartilage tissue in mice at a young age. These findings indicate that GSLs maintain cartilage molecular metabolism and prevent disease progression, although GSLs are not essential for chondrogenesis of progenitor and stem cells and cartilage development in young mice. GSL metabolism in the cartilage is a potential target for developing a novel treatment for OA.
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Ostergaard K, Salter DM. Immunohistochemistry in the study of normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. PROGRESS IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 1999; 33:93-165. [PMID: 10319375 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(98)80004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ostergaard
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Institute for Inflammation Research, 7541, RHIMA-Center, National University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhager, Denmark.
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