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Sise CV, Petersen CA, Yun J, Vukelic S, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Synovial fluid does not retard fluid exudation during stress-relaxation of immature bovine cartilage. J Biomech 2024; 176:112340. [PMID: 39353246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid load support (FLS) is a dominant mechanism of lubrication in cartilage, producing a low friction coefficient while enhancing the tissue's load bearing capabilities. Due to its viscosity, synovial fluid (SF) may retard loss of FLS by slowing the exudation of interstitial fluid from the cartilage. This study tested this hypothesis by comparing the stress-relaxation (SRL) response of immature bovine articular cartilage immersed either in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or in healthy mature bovine SF, under unconfined compression (fluid exudation across cut lateral tissue boundary) and indentation testing (fluid exudation across articular surface). To investigate the influence of diffusion of SF molecular constituents into cartilage, the effect of incubation time in SF on SRL was also investigated. The SRL response in unconfined compression was not significantly different in PBS versus SF when compared directly (p = 0.98) and had a slope ofm = 1.00 ± 0.04 (R2 = 0.989 ± 0.007). Samples tested in PBS exhibited characteristic relaxation times, τPBS=42.6 ± 5.3 s andτSF = 40.8 ± 4.7 s, that were not significantly different (p = 0.40). Incubation time of 24 h in SF resulted in no significant difference in the SRL response (p = 0.39, m=1.03 ± 0.12; R2=0.983 ± 0.011, andτPBS = 43.4 ± 10.7 s versusτSF = 41.5 ± 4.8 s, p = 0.59). Indentation testing showed some statistically significant, but functionally insignificant, difference in SRL responses in PBS versus SF with a slope ofm = 0.958 ± 0.060 (R2 = 0.957 ± 0.020, p = 0.029, andτPBS = 16.9 ± 2.6 s versusτSF = 19.4 ± 3.3 s, p = 0.073). Based on these results, we reject the hypothesis that healthy SF can retard the loss of FLS in cartilage due to its viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Sise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C A Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Vukelic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - G A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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2
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Sise CV, Petersen CA, Ashford AK, Yun J, Zimmerman BK, Vukelic S, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. A major functional role of synovial fluid is to reduce the rate of cartilage fatigue failure under cyclical compressive loading. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01362-1. [PMID: 39209247 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on our recent study, which showed that cartilage fatigue failure in reciprocating sliding contact results from cyclical compressive forces, not from cyclical frictional forces, we hypothesize that a major functional role for synovial fluid (SF) is to reduce the rate of articular cartilage fatigue failure from cyclical compressive loading. DESIGN The rate of cartilage fatigue failure due to repetitive compressive loading was measured by sliding a glass lens against an immature bovine cartilage tibial plateau strip immersed in mature bovine SF, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or SF/PBS dilutions (50% SF and 25% SF; n = 8 for all four bath conditions). After 24 h of reciprocating sliding (5400 cycles), samples were visually assessed, and if damage was observed, the test was terminated; otherwise, testing was continued for 72 h (16,200 cycles), with solution refreshed daily. RESULTS All eight samples in the PBS group exhibited physical damage after 24 h, with an average final surface roughness of Rq= 0.210 ± 0.067 mm. The SF group showed no damage after 24 h; however, two of eight samples became damaged after 72 h, producing a significantly lower average surface roughness than the PBS group (Rq=0.059 ± 0.030 mm; p < 10-4). For the remaining groups, at 72 h, one of eight samples was damaged in the 50% SF group, and five of eight samples were damaged in the 25% SF group. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly support our hypothesis, showing that decreased amounts of SF in the testing bath produce increased rates of fatigue failure in cartilage that was subjected to reciprocating sliding contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Sise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C A Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A K Ashford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - B K Zimmerman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - S Vukelic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - G A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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DeMoya CD, Joenathan A, Lawson TB, Felson DT, Schaer TP, Bais M, Albro MB, Mäkelä J, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Advances in viscosupplementation and tribosupplementation for early-stage osteoarthritis therapy. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:432-451. [PMID: 38858605 PMCID: PMC11348290 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Joint kinematic instability, arising from congenital or acquired musculoskeletal pathoanatomy or from imbalances in anabolism and catabolism induced by pathophysiological factors, leads to deterioration of the composition, structure and function of cartilage and, ultimately, progression to osteoarthritis (OA). Alongside articular cartilage degeneration, synovial fluid lubricity decreases in OA owing to a reduction in the concentration and molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and surface-active mucinous glycoproteins that form a lubricating film over the articulating joint surfaces. Minimizing friction between articulating joint surfaces by lubrication is fundamental for decreasing hyaline cartilage wear and for maintaining the function of synovial joints. Augmentation with highly viscous supplements (that is, viscosupplementation) offers one approach to re-establishing the rheological and tribological properties of synovial fluid in OA. However, this approach has varied clinical outcomes owing to limited intra-articular residence time and ineffective mechanisms of chondroprotection. This Review discusses normal hyaline cartilage function and lubrication and examines the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies for restoring normal joint lubrication. These strategies include contemporary viscosupplements that contain antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs or platelet-rich plasma and new synthetic synovial fluid additives and cartilage matrix enhancers. Advanced biomimetic tribosupplements offer promise for mitigating cartilage wear, restoring joint function and, ultimately, improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D DeMoya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anisha Joenathan
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor B Lawson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Felson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- PENN VET Institute for Medical Translation, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Manish Bais
- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B Albro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janne Mäkelä
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Gu X, Li F, Che X, Wei X, Li P. HDAC4 represses ER stress induced chondrocyte apoptosis by inhibiting ATF4 and attenuates cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis rat model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:467. [PMID: 38879481 PMCID: PMC11179397 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated whether the lack of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) increases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by releasing activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage degeneration. METHODS Articular cartilage from the tibial plateau was obtained from patients with OA during total knee replacement. Cartilage extracted from severely damaged regions was classified as degraded cartilage, and cartilage extracted from a relatively smooth region was classified as preserved cartilage. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis. HDAC4, ATF4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression levels were measured using immunohistochemistry staining and real-time quantitative PCR. Chondrocytes were transfected with HDAC4 or HDAC4 siRNA for 24 h and stimulated with 300 µM H2O2 for 12 h. The chondrocyte apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. ATF4, CHOP, and caspase 12 expression levels were measured using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 15) were randomly divided into three groups and transduced with different vectors: ACLT + Ad-GFP, ACLT + Ad-HDAC4-GFP, and sham + Ad-GFP. All rats received intra-articular injections 48 h after the operation and every three weeks thereafter. Cartilage damage was assessed using Safranin O staining and quantified using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. ATF4, CHOP, and collagen II expression were detected using immunohistochemistry, and chondrocyte apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. RESULTS The chondrocyte apoptosis was higher in degraded cartilage than in preserved cartilage. HDAC4 expression was lower in degraded cartilage than in preserved cartilage. ATF4 and CHOP expression was increased in degraded cartilage. Upregulation of HDAC4 in chondrocytes decreased the expression of ATF4, while the expression of ATF4 was increased after downregulation of HDAC4. Upregulation of HDAC4 decreased the chondrocyte apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum stress, and chondrocyte apoptosis was increased after downregulation of HDAC4. In a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection OA model, adenovirus-mediated transduction of HDAC4 was administered by intra-articular injection. We detected a stronger Safranin O staining with lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores, lower ATF4 and CHOP production, stronger collagen II expression, and lower chondrocyte apoptosis in rats treated with Ad-HDAC4. CONCLUSION The lack of HDAC4 expression partially contributes to increased ATF4, CHOP, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in OA pathogenesis. HDAC4 attenuates cartilage damage by repressing ATF4-CHOP signaling-induced chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianda Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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Davis EER, Manzoni TJ, Bianchi VJ, Weber JF, Wu PH, Regmi SC, Waldman SD, Schmidt TA, Su AW, Kandel RA, Parreno J. Passaged Articular Chondrocytes From the Superficial Zone and Deep Zone Can Regain Zone-Specific Properties After Redifferentiation. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1075-1087. [PMID: 38419462 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241230031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioengineered cartilage is a developing therapeutic to repair cartilage defects. The matrix must be rich in collagen type II and aggrecan and mechanically competent, withstanding compressive and shearing loads. Biomechanical properties in native articular cartilage depend on the zonal architecture consisting of 3 zones: superficial, middle, and deep. The superficial zone chondrocytes produce lubricating proteoglycan-4, whereas the deep zone chondrocytes produce collagen type X, which allows for integration into the subchondral bone. Zonal and chondrogenic expression is lost after cell number expansion. Current cell-based therapies have limited capacity to regenerate the zonal structure of native cartilage. HYPOTHESIS Both passaged superficial and deep zone chondrocytes at high density can form bioengineered cartilage that is rich in collagen type II and aggrecan; however, only passaged superficial zone-derived chondrocytes will express superficial zone-specific proteoglycan-4, and only passaged deep zone-derived chondrocytes will express deep zone-specific collagen type X. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Superficial and deep zone chondrocytes were isolated from bovine joints, and zonal subpopulations were separately expanded in 2-dimensional culture. At passage 2, superficial and deep zone chondrocytes were seeded, separately, in scaffold-free 3-dimensional culture within agarose wells and cultured in redifferentiation media. RESULTS Monolayer expansion resulted in loss of expression for proteoglycan-4 and collagen type X in passaged superficial and deep zone chondrocytes, respectively. By passage 2, superficial and deep zone chondrocytes had similar expression for dedifferentiated molecules collagen type I and tenascin C. Redifferentiation of both superficial and deep zone chondrocytes led to the expression of collagen type II and aggrecan in both passaged chondrocyte populations. However, only redifferentiated deep zone chondrocytes expressed collagen type X, and only redifferentiated superficial zone chondrocytes expressed and secreted proteoglycan-4. Additionally, redifferentiated deep zone chondrocytes produced a thicker and more robust tissue compared with superficial zone chondrocytes. CONCLUSION The recapitulation of the primary phenotype from passaged zonal chondrocytes introduces a novel method of functional bioengineering of cartilage that resembles the zone-specific biological properties of native cartilage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The recapitulation of the primary phenotype in zonal chondrocytes could be a possible method to tailor bioengineered cartilage to have zone-specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E R Davis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Manzoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Vanessa J Bianchi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna F Weber
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Po Han Wu
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen D Waldman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alvin W Su
- Nemours Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Rita A Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Parreno
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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6
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Vishwanath K, Secor EJ, Watkins A, Reesink HL, Bonassar LJ. Loss of effective lubricating viscosity is the primary mechanical marker of joint inflammation in equine synovitis. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38291343 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation of the synovium, known as synovitis, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Synovitis involves the release of a wide variety of pro-inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid (SF) that damage the articular cartilage extracellular matrix and induce death and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The composition of synovial fluid is dramatically altered by inflammation in OA, with changes to both hyaluronic acid and lubricin, the primary lubricating molecules in SF. However, the relationship between key biochemical markers of joint inflammation and mechanical function of SF is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the application of a novel analytical framework to measure the effective viscosity for SF lubrication of cartilage, which is distinct from conventional rheological viscosity. Notably, in a well-established equine model of synovitis, this effective lubricating viscosity decreased by up to 10,000-fold for synovitis SF compared to a ~4 fold change in conventional viscosity measurements. Further, the effective lubricating viscosity was strongly inversely correlated (r = -0.6 to -0.8) to multiple established biochemical markers of SF inflammation, including white blood cell count, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and chemokine ligand (CCLs) concentrations, while conventional measurements of viscosity were poorly correlated to these markers. These findings demonstrate the importance of experimental and analytical approaches to characterize functional lubricating properties of synovial fluid and their relationships to soluble biomarkers to better understand the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Vishwanath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Erica J Secor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Watkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Qadri MM. Targeting CD44 Receptor Pathways in Degenerative Joint Diseases: Involvement of Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1425. [PMID: 37895896 PMCID: PMC10609794 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and gout are the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases (DJDs). The pathogenesis underlying joint disease in DJDs remains unclear. Considering the severe toxicities reported with anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying agents, there is a clear need to develop new treatments that are specific in their effect while not being associated with significant toxicities. A key feature in the development of joint disease is the overexpression of adhesion molecules, e.g., CD44. Expression of CD44 and its variants in the synovial tissues of patients with DJDs is strongly associated with cartilage damage and appears to be a predicting factor of synovial inflammation in DJDs. Targeting CD44 and its downstream signaling proteins has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. PRG4 is a mucinous glycoprotein that binds to the CD44 receptor and is physiologically involved in joint lubrication. PRG4-CD44 is a pivotal regulator of synovial lining cell hemostasis in the joint, where lack of PRG4 expression triggers chronic inflammation and fibrosis, driven by persistent activation of synovial cells. In view of the significance of CD44 in DJD pathogenesis and the potential biological role for PRG4, this review aims to summarize the involvement of PRG4-CD44 signaling in controlling synovitis, synovial hypertrophy, and tissue fibrosis in DJDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Medical Research Center (MRC), Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Paz-González R, Lourido L, Calamia V, Fernández-Puente P, Quaranta P, Picchi F, Blanco FJ, Ruiz-Romero C. An Atlas of the Knee Joint Proteins and Their Role in Osteoarthritis Defined by Literature Mining. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100606. [PMID: 37356495 PMCID: PMC10393810 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent rheumatic pathology. However, OA is not simply a process of wear and tear affecting articular cartilage but rather a disease of the entire joint. One of the most common locations of OA is the knee. Knee tissues have been studied using molecular strategies, generating a large amount of complex data. As one of the goals of the Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases initiative of the Human Proteome Project, we applied a text-mining strategy to publicly available literature to collect relevant information and generate a systematically organized overview of the proteins most closely related to the different knee components. To this end, the PubPular literature-mining software was employed to identify protein-topic relationships and extract the most frequently cited proteins associated with the different knee joint components and OA. The text-mining approach searched over eight million articles in PubMed up to November 2022. Proteins associated with the six most representative knee components (articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, meniscus, and cruciate ligament) were retrieved and ranked by their relevance to the tissue and OA. Gene ontology analyses showed the biological functions of these proteins. This study provided a systematic and prioritized description of knee-component proteins most frequently cited as associated with OA. The study also explored the relationship of these proteins to OA and identified the processes most relevant to proper knee function and OA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Paz-González
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Lourido
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Puente
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Quaranta
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Florencia Picchi
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR) - Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Guo L, Guo H, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Sun J, Wu G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei X, Li P. Upregulated ribosome pathway plays a key role in HDAC4, improving the survival rate and biofunction of chondrocytes. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:433-446. [PMID: 37414410 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.127.bjr-2022-0279.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the novel molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in chondrocytes via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Methods Empty adenovirus (EP) and a HDAC4 overexpression adenovirus were transfected into cultured human chondrocytes. The cell survival rate was examined by real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and EdU and flow cytometry assays. Cell biofunction was detected by Western blotting. The expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the EP and HDAC4 transfection groups were assessed using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Volcano plot, Gene Ontology, and pathway analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). For verification of the results, the A289E/S246/467/632 A sites of HDAC4 were mutated to enhance the function of HDAC4 by increasing HDAC4 expression in the nucleus. RNA-seq was performed to identify the molecular mechanism of HDAC4 in chondrocytes. Finally, the top ten DEGs associated with ribosomes were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) in chondrocytes, and the top gene was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Results HDAC4 markedly improved the survival rate and biofunction of chondrocytes. RNA-seq analysis of the EP and HDAC4 groups showed that HDAC4 induced 2,668 significant gene expression changes in chondrocytes (1,483 genes upregulated and 1,185 genes downregulated, p < 0.05), and ribosomes exhibited especially large increases. The results were confirmed by RNA-seq of the EP versus mutated HDAC4 groups and the validations in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion The enhanced ribosome pathway plays a key role in the mechanism by which HDAC4 improves the survival rate and biofunction of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaige Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Wei J, You G, Cheng H, Gao C. SPRED2 promotes autophagy and attenuates inflammatory response in IL-1β induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes via regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102086. [PMID: 37058811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease primarily characterized by articular cartilage degeneration. Many inflammatory mediators are upregulated in OA patients. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways play a role in the regulation of inflammatory response. Autophagy appears to exhibit a protective mechanism, and alleviate the symptoms of OA in rats. Dysregulation of SPRED2 is associated with various diseases involving inflammatory response. However, the role of SPRED2 in OA development remains to be investigated. The present work demonstrated that SPRED2 promoted autophagy and attenuated inflammatory response in IL-1β induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes via regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. SPRED2 was downregulated in human knee cartilage tissues of OA patients and in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. SPRED2 enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and prevented cell apoptosis induced by IL-1β. SPRED2 prevented IL-1β-induced chondrocytes autophagy and inflammatory response in chondrocytes. SPRED2 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway and ameliorated OA injury of cartilage. Thus, SPRED2 promoted autophagy and inhibited inflammatory response by regulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in vivo.
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11
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Roggio F, Petrigna L, Trovato B, Di Rosa M, Musumeci G. The Role of Lubricin, Irisin and Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065126. [PMID: 36982198 PMCID: PMC10049370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease that worsens with age and is defined by pathological alterations in joint components. All clinical treatment recommendations for osteoarthritis promote exercise, although precise molecular pathways are unclear. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the research on lubricin and irisin and how they relate to healthy and diseased joint tissue. Our research focused specifically on exercise strategies and offered new perspectives for future potential osteoarthritis treatment plans. Although lubricin and irisin have only recently been discovered, there is evidence that they have an impact on cartilage homeostasis. A crucial component of cartilage lubrication and integrity, lubricin is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein released by the synovial joint. Its expression increases with joint movement. In healthy joints, lubricin molecules cover the cartilage surface to lubricate the boundary of the joint and inhibit protein and cell attachment. Patients with joint trauma, inflammatory arthritis, or genetically mediated lubricin deficiency, who do not produce enough lubricin to protect the articular cartilage, develop arthropathy. Irisin, sometimes known as the "sports hormone", is a myokine secreted primarily by skeletal muscle. It is a physiologically active protein that can enter the circulation as an endocrine factor, and its synthesis and secretion are primarily triggered by exercise-induced muscle contraction. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the appropriate keywords to identify the most recent research. The studies considered advance our knowledge of the role that exercise plays in the fight against osteoarthritis, serve as a valuable resource, and support the advancement of osteoarthritis prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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12
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Recombinant lubricin improves anti-adhesive, wear protection, and lubrication of collagen II surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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ElSayed S, Jay GD, Cabezas R, Qadri M, Schmidt TA, Elsaid KA. Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Regulates Phagocytic Activation of Monocytes and Reduces IL-1β Secretion by Urate Crystal Stimulated Gout PBMCs. Front Immunol 2022; 12:771677. [PMID: 34992596 PMCID: PMC8725049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare phagocytic activities of monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from acute gout patients and normal subjects, examine monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal-induced IL-1β secretion ± recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) or interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhPRG4 in MSU stimulated monocytes. Methods Acute gout PBMCs were collected from patients in the Emergency Department and normal PBMCs were obtained from a commercial source. Monocytes in PBMCs were identified by flow cytometry. PBMCs were primed with Pam3CSK4 (1μg/mL) for 24h and phagocytic activation of monocytes was determined using fluorescently labeled latex beads. MSU (200μg/mL) stimulated IL-1β secretion was determined by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in monocytes was determined fluorometrically. PBMCs were incubated with IL-1RA (250ng/mL) or rhPRG4 (200μg/mL) and bead phagocytosis by monocytes was determined. THP-1 monocytes were treated with MSU crystals ± rhPRG4 and cellular levels of NLRP3 protein, pro-IL-1β, secreted IL-1β, and activities of caspase-1 and protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) were quantified. The peritoneal influx of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils in Prg4 deficient mice was studied and the impact of rhPRG4 on immune cell trafficking was assessed. Results Enhanced phagocytic activation of gout monocytes under basal conditions (p<0.001) was associated with ROS generation and MSU stimulated IL-1β secretion (p<0.05). rhPRG4 reduced bead phagocytosis by normal and gout monocytes compared to IL-1RA and both treatments were efficacious in reducing IL-1β secretion (p<0.05). rhPRG4 reduced pro-IL-1β content, caspase-1 activity, conversion of pro-IL-1β to mature IL-1β and restored PP2A activity in monocytes (p<0.05). PP2A inhibition reversed rhPRG4’s effects on pro-IL-1β and mature IL-1β in MSU stimulated monocytes. Neutrophils accumulated in peritoneal cavities of Prg4 deficient mice (p<0.01) and rhPRG4 treatment reduced neutrophil accumulation and enhanced anti-inflammatory monocyte influx (p<0.05). Conclusions MSU phagocytosis was higher in gout monocytes resulting in higher ROS and IL-1β secretion. rhPRG4 reduced monocyte phagocytic activation to a greater extent than IL-1RA and reduced IL-1β secretion. The anti-inflammatory activity of rhPRG4 in monocytes is partially mediated by PP2A, and in vivo, PRG4 plays a role in regulating the trafficking of immune cells into the site of a gout flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy ElSayed
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ralph Cabezas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
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Hayashi K, Bourgeois A, Lopez D, Caserto BG, Berthelsen E, Krotscheck U, Reesink HL, Kim SY, Putnam D. Intra-Articular Administration of a Synthetic Lubricin in Canine Stifles. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021; 35:90-95. [PMID: 34598303 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional, systemic, synovial and articular changes after intra-articular administration of a synthetic lubricin within healthy canine stifles. STUDY DESIGN A prospective randomized blinded placebo-controlled study composed of 10 dogs equally divided into either a treatment group (intra-articular synthetic lubricin injection, n = 5) or control group (saline, n = 5). Clinical (orthopaedic examination, gait observation, gait analysis), biochemical (complete blood count and biochemistry profile) and local tissue outcomes (joint fluid analysis, joint capsule and articular cartilage histopathology) were evaluated over a time period of 3 months. RESULTS No significant differences between the treatment group and control group were identified with regard to baseline patient parameters. No clinically significant orthopaedic examination abnormalities, gait abnormalities, biochemical alterations, joint fluid alterations or histopathological alterations were identified over the course of the study. CONCLUSION The synthetic lubricin studied herein is both biocompatible and safe for a single administration within the canine stifle joint. Further research is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the synthetic lubricin in canine osteoarthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Alexandria Bourgeois
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Lopez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | | | - Erin Berthelsen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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15
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Qadri M, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Schmidt TA, Totonchy J, Elsaid KA. Proteoglycan-4 is an essential regulator of synovial macrophage polarization and inflammatory macrophage joint infiltration. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:241. [PMID: 34521469 PMCID: PMC8439011 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial macrophages perform a multitude of functions that include clearance of cell debris and foreign bodies, tissue immune surveillance, and resolution of inflammation. The functional diversity of macrophages is enabled by distinct subpopulations that express unique surface markers. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is an important regulator of synovial hyperplasia and fibrotic remodeling, and the involvement of macrophages in PRG4's synovial role is yet to be defined. Our objectives were to study the PRG4's importance to macrophage homeostatic regulation in the synovium and infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages in acute synovitis and investigate whether macrophages mediated synovial fibrosis in Prg4 gene-trap (Prg4GT/GT) murine knee joints. METHODS Macrophage phenotyping in Prg4GT/GT and Prg4+/+ joints was performed by flow cytometry using pan-macrophage markers, e.g., CD11b, F4/80, and surface markers of M1 macrophages (CD86) and M2 macrophages (CD206). Characterizations of the various macrophage subpopulations were performed in 2- and 6-month-old animals. The expression of inflammatory markers, IL-6, and iNOS in macrophages that are CD86+ and/or CD206+ was studied. The impact of Prg4 recombination on synovial macrophage populations of 2- and 6-month-old animals and infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages in response to a TLR2 agonist challenge was determined. Macrophages were depleted using liposomal clodronate and synovial membrane thickness, and the expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA, PLOD2, and collagen type I (COL-I) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Total macrophages in Prg4GT/GT joints were higher than Prg4+/+ joints (p<0.0001) at 2 and 6 months, and the percentages of CD86+/CD206- and CD86+/CD206+ macrophages increased in Prg4GT/GT joints at 6 months (p<0.0001), whereas the percentage of CD86-/CD206+ macrophages decreased (p<0.001). CD86+/CD206- and CD86+/CD206+ macrophages expressed iNOS and IL-6 compared to CD86-/CD206+ macrophages (p<0.0001). Prg4 re-expression limited the accumulation of CD86+ macrophages (p<0.05) and increased CD86-/CD206+ macrophages (p<0.001) at 6 months. Prg4 recombination attenuated synovial recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages in 2-month-old animals (p<0.001). Clodronate-mediated macrophage depletion reduced synovial hyperplasia, α-SMA, PLOD2, and COL-I expressions in the synovium (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PRG4 regulates the accumulation and homeostatic balance of macrophages in the synovium. In its absence, the synovium becomes populated with M1 macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages exert an effector role in synovial fibrosis in Prg4GT/GT animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 82826 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Jennifer Totonchy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
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16
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Craciunescu O, Icriverzi M, Florian PE, Roseanu A, Trif M. Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Action of Lipid Nanoformulation of Natural Bioactive Compounds as Efficient Delivery Systems in the Therapy of Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1108. [PMID: 34452068 PMCID: PMC8399940 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. An objective of the nanomedicine and drug delivery systems field is to design suitable pharmaceutical nanocarriers with controllable properties for drug delivery and site-specific targeting, in order to achieve greater efficacy and minimal toxicity, compared to the conventional drugs. The aim of this review is to present recent data on natural bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties and efficacy in the treatment of OA, their formulation in lipid nanostructured carriers, mainly liposomes, as controlled release systems and the possibility to be intra-articularly (IA) administered. The literature regarding glycosaminoglycans, proteins, polyphenols and their ability to modify the cell response and mechanisms of action in different models of inflammation are reviewed. The advantages and limits of using lipid nanoformulations as drug delivery systems in OA treatment and the suitable route of administration are also discussed. Liposomes containing glycosaminoglycans presented good biocompatibility, lack of immune system activation, targeted delivery of bioactive compounds to the site of action, protection and efficiency of the encapsulated material, and prolonged duration of action, being highly recommended as controlled delivery systems in OA therapy through IA administration. Lipid nanoformulations of polyphenols were tested both in vivo and in vitro models that mimic OA conditions after IA or other routes of administration, recommending their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Craciunescu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Madalina Icriverzi
- The Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (P.E.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Paula Ecaterina Florian
- The Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (P.E.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Anca Roseanu
- The Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (P.E.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Mihaela Trif
- The Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (P.E.F.); (A.R.)
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17
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Candidates for Intra-Articular Administration Therapeutics and Therapies of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073594. [PMID: 33808364 PMCID: PMC8036705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a disease that significantly decreases the quality of life due to joint deformation and pain caused by degeneration of articular cartilage. Since the degeneration of cartilage is irreversible, intervention from an early stage and control throughout life is important for OA treatment. For the treatment of early OA, the development of a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) for intra-articular (IA) injection, which is attracting attention as a point-of-care therapy, is desired. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms involved in OA progression have been clarified while new types of drug development methods based on gene sequences have been established. In addition to conventional chemical compounds and protein therapeutics, the development of DMOAD from the new modalities such as gene therapy and oligonucleotide therapeutics is accelerating. In this review, we have summarized the current status and challenges of DMOAD for IA injection, especially for protein therapeutics, gene therapy, and oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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18
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Creb5 establishes the competence for Prg4 expression in articular cartilage. Commun Biol 2021; 4:332. [PMID: 33712729 PMCID: PMC7955038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cells comprising the superficial zone of articular cartilage is their expression of lubricin, encoded by the Prg4 gene, that lubricates the joint and protects against the development of arthritis. Here, we identify Creb5 as a transcription factor that is specifically expressed in superficial zone articular chondrocytes and is required for TGF-β and EGFR signaling to induce Prg4 expression. Notably, forced expression of Creb5 in chondrocytes derived from the deep zone of the articular cartilage confers the competence for TGF-β and EGFR signals to induce Prg4 expression. Chromatin-IP and ATAC-Seq analyses have revealed that Creb5 directly binds to two Prg4 promoter-proximal regulatory elements, that display an open chromatin conformation specifically in superficial zone articular chondrocytes; and which work in combination with a more distal regulatory element to drive induction of Prg4 by TGF-β. Our results indicate that Creb5 is a critical regulator of Prg4/lubricin expression in the articular cartilage.
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19
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Ji X, Ito A, Nakahata A, Nishitani K, Kuroki H, Aoyama T. Effects of in vivo cyclic compressive loading on the distribution of local Col2 and superficial lubricin in rat knee cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:543-552. [PMID: 32716572 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of an episode of in vivo cyclic loading on rat knee articular cartilage (AC) under medium-term observation, while also investigating relevant factors associated with the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Twelve-week-old Wistar rats underwent one episode comprising 60 cycles of 20 N or 50 N dynamic compression on the right knee joint. Spatiotemporal changes in the AC after loading were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after loading (n = 6 for each condition). Chondrocyte vitality was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after loading (n = 2 for each condition). A localized AC lesion on the lateral femoral condyle was confirmed in all subjects. The surface and intermediate cartilage in the affected area degenerated after loading, but the calcified cartilage remained intact. Expression of type II collagen in the lesion cartilage was upregulated after loading, whereas the superficial lubricin layer was eroded in response to cyclic compression. However, the distribution of superficial lubricin gradually recovered to the normal level 4 weeks after loading-induced injury. We confirmed that 60 repetitions of cyclic loading exceeding 20 N could result in cartilage damage in the rat knee. Endogenous repairs in well-structured joints work well to rebuild protective layers on the lesion cartilage surface, which may be the latent factor delaying the progression of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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He T, Li B, Colombani T, Joshi-Navare K, Mehta S, Kisiday J, Bencherif SA, Bajpayee AG. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Shape-Memory Cryogel Scaffolds for Focal Cartilage Defect Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:748-760. [PMID: 33108972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic joint injuries can result in significant cartilage defects, which can greatly increase the risk of osteoarthritis development. Due to the limited self-healing capacity of avascular cartilage, tissue engineering approaches are required for filling defects and promoting cartilage regeneration. Current approaches utilize invasive surgical procedures for extraction and implantation of autologous chondrocytes; therefore, injectable biomaterials have gained interest to minimize the risk of infection as well as patient pain and discomfort. In this study, we engineered biomimetic, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based cryogel scaffolds that possess shape-memory properties as they contract and regain their shape after syringe injection to noninvasively fill cartilage defects. The cryogels, fabricated with HA and glycidyl methacrylate at -20°C, resulted in an elastic, macroporous, and highly interconnected network that provided a conducive microenvironment for chondrocytes to remain viable and metabolically active after injection through a syringe needle. Chondrocytes seeded within cryogels and cultured for 15 days exhibited enhanced cell proliferation, metabolism, and production of cartilage extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans compared with HA-based hydrogels. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed production of collagen type II from chondrocyte-seeded cryogels, indicating the maintenance of cell phenotype. These results demonstrate the potential of chondrocyte-seeded, HA-based, injectable cryogel scaffolds to promote regeneration of cartilage tissue for nonsurgically invasive defect repair. Impact statement Hyaluronic acid-based shape-memory cryogels provide a conducive microenvironment for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and matrix biosynthesis for use in repair of cartilage defects. Due to their sponge-like elastic properties, cryogels can fully recover their original shape back after injection while not impacting metabolism or viability of encapsulated cells. Clinically, they provide an opportunity for filling focal cartilage defects by using a single, minimally invasive injection of a cell encapsulating biocompatible three-dimensional scaffold that can return to its original structure to fit the defect geometry and enable matrix regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei He
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boting Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kasturi Joshi-Navare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Kisiday
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Feeney E, Galesso D, Secchieri C, Oliviero F, Ramonda R, Bonassar LJ. Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Synovial Fluids Exhibit New and Distinct Tribological Endotypes. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:111001. [PMID: 32577715 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Inferior synovial lubrication is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and synovial fluid (SF) lubrication and composition are variable among OA patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplementation is a widely used therapy for improving SF viscoelasticity and lubrication, but it is unclear how the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements varies with arthritic endotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the HA viscosupplement, Hymovis®, on the lubricating properties of diseased SF from patients with noninflammatory OA and inflammatory arthritis (IA). The composition (cytokine, HA, and lubricin concentrations) of the SF was measured as well as the mechanical properties (rheology, tribology) of the SF alone and in a 1:1 mixture with the HA viscosupplement. Using rotational rheometry, no difference in SF viscosity was detected between disease types, and the addition of HA significantly increased all fluids' viscosities. In noninflammatory OA SF, friction coefficients followed a typical Stribeck pattern, and their magnitude was decreased by the addition of HA. While some of the IA SF also showed typical Stribeck behavior, a subset showed more erratic behavior with highly variable and larger friction coefficients. Interestingly, this aberrant behavior was not eliminated by the addition of HA, and it was associated with low concentrations of lubricin. Aberrant SF exhibited significantly lower effective viscosities compared to noninflammatory OA and IA SF with typical tribological behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that different endotypes of arthritis exist with respect to lubrication, which may impact the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements in reducing friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Feeney
- Nancy and Peter Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 152 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme, Padua 35031, Italy
| | - Cynthia Secchieri
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme, Padua 35031, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Nancy and Peter Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 152, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 149, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853
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22
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Watkins AR, Reesink HL. Lubricin in experimental and naturally occurring osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1303-1315. [PMID: 32504786 PMCID: PMC8043104 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lubricin is increasingly being evaluated as an outcome measure in studies investigating post-traumatic and naturally occurring osteoarthritis. However, there are discrepancies in results, making it unclear as to whether lubricin is increased, decreased or unchanged in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to review all papers that measured lubricin in joint injury or osteoarthritis in order to draw conclusions about lubricin regulation in joint disease. DESIGN A systematic search of the Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCOhost databases for papers was performed. Inclusion criteria were in vivo studies that measured lubricin in humans or animals with joint injury, that investigated lubricin supplementation in osteoarthritic joints, or that described the phenotype of a lubricin knock-out model. A methodological assessment was performed. RESULTS Sixty-two studies were included, of which thirty-eight measured endogenous lubricin in joint injury or osteoarthritis. Nineteen papers found an increase or no change in lubricin and nineteen reported a decrease. Papers that reported a decrease in lubricin were cited four times more often than those that reported an increase. Fifteen papers described lubricin supplementation, and all reported a beneficial effect. Eleven papers described lubricin knock-out models. CONCLUSIONS The human literature reveals similar distributions of papers reporting increased lubricin as compared to decreased lubricin in osteoarthritis. The animal literature is dominated by reports of decreased lubricin in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model, whereas studies in large animal models report increased lubricin. Intra-articular lubricin supplementation may be beneficial regardless of whether lubricin increases or decreases in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - H L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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23
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Flowers SA, Thomsson KA, Ali L, Huang S, Mthembu Y, Regmi SC, Holgersson J, Schmidt TA, Rolfson O, Björkman LI, Sundqvist M, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Jay GD, Eisler T, Krawetz R, Karlsson NG. Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16023-16036. [PMID: 32928962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovial fluid glycoprotein lubricin (also known as proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O-linked glycosylated biological lubricant implicated to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin's ability to reduce friction is related to its glycosylation consisting of sialylated and unsialylated Tn-antigens and core 1 and core 2 structures. The glycans on lubricin have also been suggested to be involved in crosslinking and stabilization of the lubricating superficial layer of cartilage by mediating interaction between lubricin and galectin-3. However, with the spectrum of glycans being found on lubricin, the glycan candidates involved in this interaction were unknown. Here, we confirm that the core 2 O-linked glycans mediate this lubricin-galectin-3 interaction, shown by surface plasmon resonance data indicating that recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core 2 structures did not bind to recombinant galectin-3. Conversely, transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the core 2 GlcNAc transferase acting on a mucin-type O-glycoprotein displayed increased galectin-3 binding. Both the level of galectin-3 and the galectin-3 interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients, coinciding with an increase in unsialylated core 1 O-glycans (T-antigens) and Tn-antigens. These data suggest a defect in crosslinking of surface-active molecules in OA and provide novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina A Thomsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Mthembu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ola Rolfson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena I Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas Eisler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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24
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Qadri M, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Richendrfer H, Schmidt TA, Elsaid KA. Proteoglycan-4 regulates fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and expression of fibrotic genes in the synovium. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:113. [PMID: 32404156 PMCID: PMC7222325 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial tissue fibrosis is common in advanced OA with features including the presence of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts and deposition of cross-linked collagen type-I. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synovial fibroblasts and is a major component of synovial fluid. PRG4 is a ligand of the CD44 receptor. Our objective was to examine the role of PRG4-CD44 interaction in regulating synovial tissue fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Methods OA synoviocytes were treated with TGF-β ± PRG4 for 24 h and α-SMA content was determined using immunofluorescence. Rhodamine-labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with OA synoviocytes ± anti-CD44 or isotype control antibodies and cellular uptake of rhPRG4 was determined following a 30-min incubation and α-SMA expression following a 24-h incubation. HEK-TGF-β cells were treated with TGF-β ± rhPRG4 and Smad3 phosphorylation was determined using immunofluorescence and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation was determined colorimetrically. We probed for stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) in TGF-β-treated murine fibroblasts and fibroblast migration was quantified ± rhPRG4. Synovial expression of fibrotic markers: α-SMA, collagen type-I, and PLOD2 in Prg4 gene-trap (Prg4GT) and recombined Prg4GTR animals were studied at 2 and 9 months of age. Synovial expression of α-SMA and PLOD2 was determined in 2-month-old Prg4GT/GT&Cd44−/− and Prg4GTR/GTR&Cd44−/− animals. Results PRG4 reduced α-SMA content in OA synoviocytes (p < 0.001). rhPRG4 was internalized by OA synoviocytes via CD44 and CD44 neutralization attenuated rhPRG4’s antifibrotic effect (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 reduced pSmad3 signal in HEK-TGF-β cells (p < 0.001) and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation (p < 0.001). rhPRG4 reduced the number of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts, FAs mean size, and cell migration in TGF-β-treated NIH3T3 fibroblasts (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 inhibited fibroblast migration in a macrophage and fibroblast co-culture model without altering active or total TGF-β levels. Synovial tissues of 9-month-old Prg4GT/GT animals had higher α-SMA, collagen type-I, and PLOD2 (p < 0.001) content and Prg4 re-expression reduced these markers (p < 0.01). Prg4 re-expression also reduced α-SMA and PLOD2 staining in CD44-deficient mice. Conclusion PRG4 is an endogenous antifibrotic modulator in the joint and its effect on myofibroblast formation is partially mediated by CD44, but CD44 is not required to demonstrate an antifibrotic effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 82826, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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25
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Bonnevie ED, Bonassar LJ. A Century of Cartilage Tribology Research Is Informing Lubrication Therapies. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:031004. [PMID: 31956901 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is one of the most unique materials found in nature. This tissue's ability to provide low friction and low wear over decades of constant use is not surpassed, as of yet, by any synthetic materials. Lubrication of the body's joints is essential to mammalian locomotion, but breakdown and degeneration of cartilage is the leading cause of severe disability in the industrialized world. In this paper, we review how theories of cartilage lubrication have evolved over the past decades and connect how theories of cartilage lubrication have been translated to lubrication-based therapies. Here, we call upon these historical perspectives and highlight the open questions in cartilage lubrication research. Additionally, these open questions within the field's understanding of natural lubrication mechanisms reveal strategic directions for lubrication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Bonnevie
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 151 Weill Hall, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 151 Weill Hall, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14850; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 151 Weill Hall, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14850
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26
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Nemirov D, Nakagawa Y, Sun Z, Lebaschi A, Wada S, Carballo C, Deng XH, Putnam D, Bonassar LJ, Rodeo SA. Effect of Lubricin Mimetics on the Inhibition of Osteoarthritis in a Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:624-634. [PMID: 32004084 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519898691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein, plays a chondroprotective role as a constituent of synovial fluid. Structural analogs have been synthesized to mimic the structure and function of native lubricin in an effort to recapitulate this effect with the goal of delaying progression of osteoarthritis (OA). PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of intra-articular injections of lubricin mimetics in slowing or preventing the progression of posttraumatic OA by using a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory design. METHODS Four lubricin mimetics were investigated, differing from one another in their binding orientations and steric interactions. Eighty skeletally mature Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transections and were randomly allocated to receive intra-articular injections (50 µL/injection) of 1 of the 4 mimetics in the right knee and equal volumes of saline injection in the contralateral knee (control). All rats were euthanized 8 weeks postoperatively and assessed via biomechanical analysis, which evaluated comparative friction coefficients across the 4 groups, and histological evaluation of articular cartilage, osteophytes, and synovitis. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathological assessment system was used to evaluate the degree of articular cartilage degeneration and osteophytes, while synovitis was assessed through a semiquantitative scoring system. Binding efficacy of the 4 mimetics was assessed in vitro and in vivo through the immunohistochemical localization of polyethylene glycol. Articular cartilage degeneration and synovitis scoring data analyses were performed with generalized estimating equation modeling. RESULTS Injection of the group 3 mimetic (random 24 + 400 + 30) directly correlated with improved OARSI scores for femoral articular cartilage degeneration when compared with saline-injected contralateral control knees (P = .0410). No lubricin mimetic group demonstrated statistically significant differences in OARSI scores for tibial articular cartilage degeneration. Injection of the group 4 mimetic (AB 24 + 400 + 30) led to a statistically significant difference in osteophyte OARSI score (P = .0019). None of the 4 lubricin mimetics injections incited an additive synovial inflammatory response. Immunohistochemical staining substantiated the binding capacity of all 4 mimetics, while in vivo experimentation revealed that the group 1 and 3 mimetics were still retained within the joint 4 weeks after injection. There were no differences in friction coefficients between any pair of groups and no significant trends based on lubricin mimetic structure. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the tribosupplementation of a traumatically injured knee with a specific lubricin structural analog may attenuate the natural progression of OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current lack of efficacious clinical options to counter the onset and subsequent development of OA suggests that further investigation into the synthesis and behavior of lubricin analogs could yield novel translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nemirov
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhexun Sun
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amir Lebaschi
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susumu Wada
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camila Carballo
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang-Hua Deng
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Delco ML, Goodale M, Talts JF, Pownder SL, Koff MF, Miller AD, Nixon B, Bonassar LJ, Lundgren-Åkerlund E, Fortier LA. Integrin α10β1-Selected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate the Progression of Osteoarthritis in an Equine Talar Impact Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:612-623. [PMID: 32004077 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519899087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after articular trauma has the potential to limit progression of focal lesions and prevent ongoing cartilage degeneration by modulating the joint environment and/or contributing to repair. Integrin α10β1 is the main collagen type II binding receptor on chondrocytes, and MSCs that are selected for high expression of the α10 subunit have improved chondrogenic potential. The ability of α10β1-selected (integrin α10high) MSCs to protect cartilage after injury has not been investigated. PURPOSE To investigate integrin α10high MSCs to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis in an equine model of impact-induced talar injury. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Focal cartilage injuries were created on the tali of horses (2-5 years, n = 8) by using an impacting device equipped to measure impact stress. Joints were treated with 20 × 106 allogenic adipose-derived α10high MSCs or saline vehicle (control) 4 days after injury. Synovial fluid was collected serially and analyzed for protein content, cell counts, markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor α) and collagen homeostasis (procollagen II C-propeptide, collagen type II cleavage product), and glycosaminoglycan content. Second-look arthroscopy was performed at 6 weeks, and horses were euthanized at 6 months. Joints were imaged with radiographs and quantitative 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Postmortem examinations were performed, and India ink was applied to the talar articular surface to identify areas of cartilage fibrillation. Synovial membrane and osteochondral histology was performed, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess type I and II collagen and lubricin. A mixed effect model with Tukey post hoc and linear contrasts or paired t tests were used, as appropriate. RESULTS Integrin α10high MSC-treated joints had less subchondral bone sclerosis on radiographs (P = .04) and histology (P = .006) and less cartilage fibrillation (P = .04) as compared with control joints. On gross pathology, less India ink adhered to impact sites in treated joints than in controls, which may be explained by the finding of more prominent lubricin immunostaining in treated joints. Prostaglandin E2 concentration in synovial fluid and mononuclear cell synovial infiltrate were increased in treated joints, suggesting possible immunomodulation by integrin α10high MSCs. CONCLUSION Intra-articular administration of integrin α10high MSCs is safe, and evidence suggests that the cells mitigate the effects of joint trauma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This preclinical study indicates that intra-articular therapy with integrin α10high MSCs after joint trauma may be protective against posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
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28
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Ayturk UM, Sieker JT, Haslauer CM, Proffen BL, Weissenberger MH, Warman ML, Fleming BC, Murray MM. Proteolysis and cartilage development are activated in the synovium after surgical induction of post traumatic osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229449. [PMID: 32107493 PMCID: PMC7046188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection surgery in the minipig induces post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in a pattern similar to that seen in human patients after ACL injury. Prior studies have reported the presence of cartilage matrix-degrading proteases, such as Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4), in the synovial fluid of injured or arthritic joints; however, the tissue origin of these proteases is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify transcriptional processes activated in the synovium after surgical induction of PTOA with ACL transection, and to determine if processes associated with proteolysis were enriched in the synovium after ACL transection. Unilateral ACL transection was performed in adolescent Yucatan minipigs and synovium samples were collected at 1, 5, 9, and 14 days post-injury. Transcriptome-wide gene expression levels were determined using bulk RNA-Sequencing in the surgical animals and control animals with healthy knees. The greatest number of transcripts with significant changes was observed 1 day after injury. These changes were primarily associated with cellular proliferation, consistent with measurements of increased cellularity of the synovium at the two-week time point. At five to 14 days, the expression of transcripts relating to proteolysis and cartilage development was significantly enriched. While protease inhibitor-encoding transcripts (TIMP2, TIMP3) represented the largest fraction of protease-associated transcripts in the uninjured synovium, protease-encoding transcripts (including MMP1, MMP2, ADAMTS4) predominated after surgery. Cartilage development-associated transcripts that are typically not expressed by synovial cells, such as ACAN and COMP, were enriched in the synovium following ACL-transection. The upregulation in both catabolic processes (proteolysis) and anabolic processes (cartilage development) suggests that the synovium plays a complex, balancing role in the early response to PTOA induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur M. Ayturk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jakob T. Sieker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carla M. Haslauer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benedikt L. Proffen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew L. Warman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Murray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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29
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Abubacker S, Premnath P, Shonak A, Leonard C, Shah S, Zhu Y, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Boyd S, Krawetz R. Absence of Proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) Leads to Increased Subchondral Bone Porosity Which Can Be Mitigated Through Intra-Articular Injection of PRG4. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2077-2088. [PMID: 31119776 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucin-like glycoprotein important for joint health. Mice lacking Prg4 demonstrate degeneration of the cartilage and altered skeletal morphology. The purpose of this study was to examine if Prg4 deficiency leads to subchondral bone defects and if these defects could be mitigated through intra-articular injection of recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). Mice deficient in Prg4 expression demonstrated increased cartilage thickness and increased subchondral bone porosity compared with C57BL/6 controls. While the porosity of the subchondral bone of Prg4-/- mice decreased over time with maturation, intra-articular injection of rhPRG4 was able to forestall the increase in porosity. In contrast, neither hyaluronan (HA) nor methylprednisolone injections had beneficial effects on the subchondral bone porosity in the Prg4 knockout mice. Bone marrow progenitor cells from Prg4-/- mice demonstrated reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity at 4 weeks of age, but not at 16 weeks of age. While most studies on PRG4/lubricin focus on the health of the cartilage, this study demonstrates that PRG4 plays a role in the maturation of the subchondral bone. Furthermore, increasing joint lubrication/viscosupplementation through injection of HA or controlling joint inflammation through injection of methylprednisolone may help maintain the cartilage surface, but had no positive effect on the subchondral bone in animals lacking Prg4. Therefore, alterations in the subchondral bone in models with absent or diminished Prg4 expression should not be overlooked when investigating changes within the articular cartilage regarding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis/arthrosis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2077-2088, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Abubacker
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anchita Shonak
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Leonard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Shah
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Zhu
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Gu XD, Wei L, Li PC, Che XD, Zhao RP, Han PF, Lu JG, Wei XC. Adenovirus-mediated transduction with Histone Deacetylase 4 ameliorates disease progression in an osteoarthritis rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105752. [PMID: 31310910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downregulation of histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) contributes to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) because it promotes upregulation of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) and osteoarthritis-related genes. The effect of HDAC4 upregulation on cartilage damage in OA remains unknown. METHODS Rat chondrocytes were infected with Ad-GFP or Ad-HDAC4-GFP for 48 h, stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 10 ng/mL) for 24 h, and then harvested for RT-qPCR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in 3 groups were given anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) or sham operation, and knee injections with different adenovirus (Ad) vectors at 48 h after surgery and every 3 weeks thereafter: ACLT+Ad-GFP (n = 17); ACLT+Ad-HDAC4-GFP (n = 20); and sham+Ad-GFP (n = 15). Three ACLT-Ad-HDAC4-GFP rats were sacrificed at different times to examine the expression of HDAC4. Two ACLT-Ad-GFP rats and two ACLT-Ad-HDAC4-GFP rats were euthanized at week-2; articular cartilage was harvested and expression of HDAC4 was determined by RT-qPCR. All other rats were euthanized at week-8. Cartilage damage and OA progression was assessed using radiography, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Overexpression of HDAC4 in chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β reduced the levels of Runx-2, MMP-13, and Collagen X, but increased the levels of Collagen II and Aggrecan. Upregulation of HDAC4 reduced osteophyte formation and cartilage damage, and increased articular cartilage anabolism. CONCLUSION HDAC4 attenuated articular cartilage damage by repression of Runx-2, MMP-13, and collagen X and induction of collagen II and ACAN in this rat model of OA. Upregulation of HDAC4 may provide chondroprotection in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peng-Cui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xian-da Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Rui-Peng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jian-Gong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
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Boundary mode lubrication of articular cartilage with a biomimetic diblock copolymer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12437-12441. [PMID: 31164421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900716116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design of a diblock copolymer with architecture and function inspired by the lubricating glycoprotein lubricin. This diblock copolymer, synthesized by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, consists of a cationic cartilage-binding domain and a brush-lubricating domain. It reduces the coefficient of friction of articular cartilage under boundary mode conditions (0.088 ± 0.039) to a level equivalent to that provided by lubricin (0.093 ± 0.011). Additionally, both the EC50 (0.404 mg/mL) and cartilage-binding time constant (7.19 min) of the polymer are comparable to purified human and recombinant lubricin. Like lubricin, the tribological properties of this polymer are dependent on molecular architecture. When the same monomer composition was evaluated either as an AB diblock copolymer or as a random copolymer, the diblock effectively lubricated cartilage under boundary mode conditions whereas the random copolymer did not. Additionally, the individual polymer blocks did not lubricate independently, and lubrication could be competitively inhibited with an excess of binding domain. This diblock copolymer is an example of a synthetic polymer with lubrication properties equal to lubricin under boundary mode conditions, suggesting its potential utility as a therapy for joint pathologies like osteoarthritis.
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32
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Guo L, Wei X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang C, Li P, Wang C, Wei L. Ipriflavone attenuates the degeneration of cartilage by blocking the Indian hedgehog pathway. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:109. [PMID: 31046827 PMCID: PMC6498579 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if ipriflavone, a novel and safe inhibitor of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling, can attenuate cartilage degeneration by blocking the Ihh pathway. METHODS Human chondrocytes were used to evaluate Ihh signaling, cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene, and protein expression of chondrocytes by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays, real-time qPCR, and Western blotting at 48 h after ipriflavone treatment. Human cartilage explants were further used to validate the cell culture results. The effects of ipriflavone on cartilage degeneration in vivo were assessed using the rat ACLT OA model. Two-month-old male SD rats were randomized into 3 groups (n = 75): (1) sham, (2) ACLT alone, and (3) ACLT+ ipriflavone. Ipriflavone was administered intragastrically at 24 h after ACLT for 6 weeks. The extent of OA progression was evaluated by the OARSI score and immunohistochemistry at 12 weeks after surgery. The Ihh signaling pathway and OA-related genes were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS Cell proliferation in the cells treated with ipriflavone was increased to 36.40% ± 1.32% (5 μM) and 28.54% ± 0.74% (10 μM) from 11.99% ± 0.35% (DMSO) (P < 0.001), and apoptosis was decreased to 12.64% ± 3.7% (5 μM) and 15.18% ± 3.13% (10 μM) from 25.76% ± 5.1% (DMSO) (P < 0.05). Ipriflavone blocked Runx-2 mainly through the Smo-Gli2 pathway. A similar result was found in the cartilage explant culture. Ihh signaling in vivo was inhibited in animals treated with ipriflavone. Safranin-O staining revealed a less cartilage damage with lower OARSI scores (P < 0.05) in the ipriflavone-treated animals compared with untreated animals. The gene expression of Smo and Gli2 was inhibited significantly by ipriflavone (P < 0.05). The OA-related gene and protein type X, MMP-13, and type II collagen-C fragment were reduced, while type II collagen and Agg were increased in the ipriflavone-treated animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Catabolic genes were disrupted by blocking the Ihh pathway. This finding suggests that disruption of Ihh signaling with ipriflavone provides chondral protection in rat posttraumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Animal Model of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Southern Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, China No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Suite 402A, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Middendorf J, Albahrani S, Bonassar LJ. Stribeck Curve Analysis of Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Cartilage and Disc. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:1066041. [PMID: 31654071 DOI: 10.1115/1.4045283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases such as osteoarthritis and disc displacement have no permanent treatment options, but lubrication therapies, used in other joints, could be an effective alternative. However, the healthy TMJ contains fibrocartilage, not hyaline cartilage as is found in other joints. As such, the effect of lubrication therapies in the TMJ is unknown. Additionally, only a few studies have characterized the friction coefficient of the healthy TMJ. Like other cartilaginous tissues, the TMJ condyles and discs are subject to changes in friction coefficient due to fluid pressurization. In addition, the friction coefficient of the TMJ is affected by the sliding direction and anatomic location. However, these previous findings have not been able to identify how all 3 of these parameters (anatomic location, sliding direction, and fluid pressurization) influence changes in friction coefficient. This study used Stribeck curves to identify differences in the friction coefficients of TMJ condyles and discs based on anatomic location, sliding direction, and amount of fluid pressurization (friction mode). Friction coefficients were measured using a cartilage on glass tribometer. Both TMJ condyle and disc friction coefficients were well described by Stribeck curves. These curves changed based on anatomic location, but very few differences in friction coefficients were observed based on sliding direction. TMJ condyles had similar boundary mode and elastoviscous mode friction coefficients to the TMJ disc, and both were lower than hyaline cartilage in other joints. The observed differences here indicate that the surface characteristics of each anatomic region cause differences in friction coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Middendorf
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Shaden Albahrani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Hurtig M, Zaghoul I, Sheardown H, Schmidt TA, Liu L, Zhang L, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Two compartment pharmacokinetic model describes the intra-articular delivery and retention of rhprg4 following ACL transection in the Yucatan mini pig. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:386-396. [PMID: 30488470 PMCID: PMC7201402 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the injured joint with rhPRG4 is based on recent observations that inflammation diminishes expression of native PRG4. Re-establishing lubrication between pressurized and sliding cartilage surfaces during locomotion promotes the nascent expression of PRG4 and thus intra-articular (IA) treatment strategies should be supported by pharmacokinetic evidence establishing the residence time of rhPRG4. A total of 21 Yucatan minipigs weighing ∼55 kg each received 4 mg of 131 I-rhPRG4 delivered by IA injection 5 days following surgical ACL transection. Animals were sequentially euthanized following IA rhPRG4 at 10 min (time zero), 24, 72 h, 6, 13 and 20 days later. The decay of the 131 I-rhPRG4 was measured relative to a non-injected aliquot and normalized to the weight of cartilage samples, menisci and synovium, and known cartilage volumes from each compartment surface obtained from representative Yucatan minipig knees. Decay of 131 I-rhPRG4 from joint tissues best fit a two-compartment model with an α half-life (t1/2α ) of 11.28 h and β half-life (t1/2β ) of 4.81 days. The tibial and femoral cartilage, meniscii, and synovium retained 7.7% of dose at 24 h. High concentrations of rhPRG4 were found in synovial fluid (SF) that was non-aspiratable and resided on the articular surfaces, removable by irrigation, at 10 min following 131 I-rhPRG4 injection. Synovial fluid K21 exceeded K12 and SF t1/2β was 28 days indicating SF is the reservoir for rhPRG4 following IA injection. Clinical Significance: rhPRG4 following IA delivery in a traumatized joint populates articular surfaces for a considerable period and may promote the native expression of PRG4. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:386-396, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iman Zaghoul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut,,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,,Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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35
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Castrogiovanni P, Di Rosa M, Ravalli S, Castorina A, Guglielmino C, Imbesi R, Vecchio M, Drago F, Szychlinska MA, Musumeci G. Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention Method for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological Key. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030511. [PMID: 30691048 PMCID: PMC6387266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate physical activity (MPA) on the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-13) and anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective (IL-4, IL-10, lubricin) biomarkers in the synovium of an OA-induced rat model. A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: Control rats (Group 1); rats performing MPA (Group 2); anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-rats with OA (Group 3); and, ACLT-rats performing MPA (Group 4). Analyses were performed using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. In Group 3, OA biomarkers were significantly increased, whereas, IL-4, IL-10, and lubricin were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. We hypothesize that MPA might partake in rescuing type B synoviocyte dysfunction at the early stages of OA, delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Claudia Guglielmino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
- School of the Sport of the Italian National Olympic Committee "CONI" Sicily, Via Emanuele Notarbartolo, 90141 Palermo, Italy.
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37
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Wathier M, Lakin BA, Cooper BG, Bansal PN, Bendele AM, Entezari V, Suzuki H, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. A synthetic polymeric biolubricant imparts chondroprotection in a rat meniscal tear model. Biomaterials 2018; 182:13-20. [PMID: 30099277 PMCID: PMC6287749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) as a viscosupplement, yet it only provides short-term benefit because HA is cleaved by hyaluronidase and cleared out of the joint after several days. Therefore, we developed a new polymer biolubricant based on poly-oxanorbornane carboxylate to enhance joint lubrication for a prolonged time. Rheological and biotribological studies of the biolubricant reveal viscoelastic properties and coefficient of friction equivalent and superior to that of healthy synovial fluid, respectively. Furthermore, in an ex vivo bovine cartilage plug model, the biolubricant exhibits superior long-term reduction of friction and wear prevention compared to saline and healthy synovial fluid. ISO 10993 biocompatibility tests demonstrate that the biolubricant polymer is non-toxic. In an in vivo rat medial meniscal tear OA model, where the performance of the leading HA viscosupplement (Synvisc-one®) is comparable to the saline control, treatment with the biolubricant affords significant chondroprotection compared to the saline control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wathier
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Flex Biomedical, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin A Lakin
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin G Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prashant N Bansal
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vahid Entezari
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian D Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Cooper BG, Catalina Bordeianu, Nazarian A, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Active agents, biomaterials, and technologies to improve biolubrication and strengthen soft tissues. Biomaterials 2018; 181:210-226. [PMID: 30092370 PMCID: PMC6766080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Normal functioning of articulating tissues is required for many physiological processes occurring across length scales from the molecular to whole organism. Lubricating biopolymers are present natively on tissue surfaces at various sites of biological articulation, including eyelid, mouth, and synovial joints. The range of operating conditions at these disparate interfaces yields a variety of tribological mechanisms through which compressive and shear forces are dissipated to protect tissues from material wear and fatigue. This review focuses on recent advances in active agents and biomaterials for therapeutic augmentation of friction, lubrication, and wear in disease and injured states. Various small-molecule, biological, and gene delivery therapies are described, as are tribosupplementation with naturally-occurring and synthetic biolubricants and polymer reinforcements. While reintroduction of a diseased tissue's native lubricant received significant attention in the past, recent discoveries and pre-clinical research are capitalizing on concurrent advances in the molecular sciences and bioengineering fields, with an understanding of the underlying tissue structure and physiology, to afford a desired, and potentially patient-specific, tissue mechanical response for restoration of normal function. Small and large molecule drugs targeting recently elucidated pathways as well as synthetic and hybrid natural/synthetic biomaterials for restoring a desired tissue mechanical response are being investigated for treatment of, for example, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xeroderma, and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Catalina Bordeianu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
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Parreno J, Bianchi VJ, Sermer C, Regmi SC, Backstein D, Schmidt TA, Kandel RA. Adherent agarose mold cultures: An in vitro platform for multi-factorial assessment of passaged chondrocyte redifferentiation. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2392-2405. [PMID: 29575101 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Generating the best possible bioengineered cartilage from passaged chondrocytes requires culture condition optimization. In this study, the use of adherent agarose mold (adAM) cultures to support redifferentiation of passaged twice (P2) chondrocytes and serve as a scalable platform to assess the effect of growth factor combinations on proteoglycan accumulation by cells was examined. By 2 days in adAM culture, bovine P2 cells were partially redifferentiated as demonstrated by regression of actin-based dedifferentiation signalling and fibroblast matrix and contractile gene expression. By day 10, aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression were significantly increased in adAM cultured cells. At day 20, a continuous layer of cartilage tissue was observed. There was no evidence of tissue contraction by P2 cells in adAM cultures. The matrix properties of the resultant tissue as well as proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) secreted by the cells were dependent on the initial cell seeding density. AdAM cultures were scalable and culture within small 3 mm diameter adAM allowed for multi-factorial assessment of growth factors on proteoglycan accumulation by human P2 chondrocytes. Although there was a patient specific response in proteoglycan accumulation to the various cocktail combinations, the cocktail consisting of 2 ng/ml TGFβ1, 10 ng/ml FGF2, and 250 ng/ml FGF18 resulted in a consistent increase in alcian blue tissue staining. Additional studies will be required to identify the optimal conditions to bioengineer articular cartilage tissue for clinical use. However, the results to date suggest that adAM cultures may be suitable to use for high throughput assessment. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2392-2405, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Parreno
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Vanessa J Bianchi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corey Sermer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Backstein
- Division of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Rita A Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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40
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Qadri M, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Wong W, Reginato AM, Sun C, Schmidt TA, Elsaid KA. Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 reduces phagocytosis of urate crystals and downstream nuclear factor kappa B and inflammasome activation and production of cytokines and chemokines in human and murine macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:192. [PMID: 30157934 PMCID: PMC6116363 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals’ joint deposition. MSU phagocytosis by resident macrophages is a key step in gout pathogenesis. MSU phagocytosis triggers nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a glycoprotein produced by synovial fibroblasts and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in the joint mediated by its interaction with cell surface receptor CD44. PRG4 also binds and antagonizes TLR2 and TLR4. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) in suppressing MSU-induced inflammation and mechanical allodynia in vitro and in vivo. Methods THP-1 macrophages were incubated with MSU crystals ± rhPRG4 or bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), and crystal phagocytosis, cytokines and chemokines expression and production were determined. NFκB p65 subunit nuclear translocation, NLRP3 induction, caspase-1 activation and conversion of proIL-1β to mature IL-1β were studied. MSU phagocytosis by Prg4+/+ and Prg4−/− peritoneal macrophages was determined in the absence or presence of rhPRG4, BSM, anti-CD44, anti-TLR2, anti-TLR4 and isotype control antibodies. Rhodamine-labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with murine macrophages and receptor colocalization studies were performed. Lewis rats underwent intra-articular injection of MSU crystals followed by intra-articular treatment with PBS or rhPRG4. Weight bearing and SF myeloperoxidase activities were determined. Results rhPRG4 reduced MSU crystal phagocytosis at 4 h (p < 0.01) and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8 and MCP-1 expression and production at 6 h (p < 0.05). BSM did not alter MSU phagocytosis or IL-1β production in human and murine macrophages. rhPRG4 treatment reduced NFκB nuclear translocation, NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation and generation of mature IL-1β (p < 0.05). MSU-stimulated IL-1β production was higher in Prg4−/− macrophages compared to Prg4+/+ macrophages (p < 0.001). rhPRG4, anti-CD44, anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibody treatments reduced MSU phagocytosis and IL-1β production in murine macrophages (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 preferentially colocalized with CD44 on Prg4−/− peritoneal macrophages compared to TLR2 or TLR4 (p < 0.01). rhPRG4 normalized weight bearing and reduced SF myeloperoxidase activity compared to PBS in vivo. Conclusion rhPRG4 inhibits MSU crystal phagocytosis and exhibits an anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity in vitro and in vivo. rhPRG4’s anti-inflammatory mechanism may be due to targeting CD44 on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wendy Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony M Reginato
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Changqi Sun
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Qadri MM, Jay GD, Ostrom RS, Zhang LX, Elsaid KA. cAMP attenuates TGF-β's profibrotic responses in osteoarthritic synoviocytes: involvement of hyaluronan and PRG4. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C432-C443. [PMID: 29898378 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00041.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by synovitis and synovial fibrosis. Synoviocytes are fibroblast-like resident cells of the synovium that are activated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β to proliferate, migrate, and produce extracellular matrix. Synoviocytes secrete hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan-4 (PRG4). HA reduces synovial fibrosis in vivo, and the Prg4-/- mouse exhibits synovial hyperplasia. We investigated the antifibrotic effects of increased intracellular cAMP in TGF-β-stimulated human OA synoviocytes. TGF-β1 stimulated collagen I (COL1A1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) expression, and procollagen I, α-SMA, HA, and PRG4 production, migration, and proliferation of OA synoviocytes were measured. Treatment of OA synoviocytes with forskolin (10 μM) increased intracellular cAMP levels and reduced TGF-β1-stimulated COL1A1, α-SMA, and TIMP-1 expression, with no change in PLOD2 expression. Forskolin also reduced TGF-β1-stimulated procollagen I and α-SMA content as well as synoviocyte migration and proliferation. Forskolin (10 μM) increased HA secretion and PRG4 expression and production. A cell-permeant cAMP analog reduced COL1A1 and α-SMA expression and enhanced HA and PRG4 secretion by OA synoviocytes. HA and PRG4 reduced α-SMA expression and content, and PRG4 reduced COL1A1 expression and procollagen I content in OA synoviocytes. Prg4-/- synovium exhibited increased α-SMA, COL1A1, and TIMP-1 expression compared with Prg4+/+ synovium. Prg4-/- synoviocytes demonstrated strong α-SMA and collagen type I staining, whereas these were undetected in Prg4+/+ synoviocytes and were reduced with PRG4 treatment. We conclude that increasing intracellular cAMP levels in synoviocytes mitigates synovial fibrosis through enhanced production of HA and PRG4, possibly representing a novel approach for treatment of OA synovial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Qadri
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University , Irvine, California
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University , Irvine, California
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University , Irvine, California
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42
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Bonnevie ED, Galesso D, Secchieri C, Bonassar LJ. Degradation alters the lubrication of articular cartilage by high viscosity, hyaluronic acid-based lubricants. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1456-1464. [PMID: 29068482 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely injected as a viscosupplement in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Despite its extensive use, it is not currently known if cartilage degradation alters how HA-based solutions lubricate the articular surface. In this study we utilized a model of cartilage degradation by IL-1β along with a recently developed framework to study role of cartilage degradation on lubrication by clinically-approved HA-based lubricants with high viscosities. Cartilage explants were cultured up to 8 days with 10 ng/ml IL-1β. After culture, samples were examined histologically, immunohistochemically, biochemically, mechanically, topographically, and tribologically. The tribological testing analyzed both boundary and mixed lubrication modes to assess individual effects of viscosity and boundary lubricating ability. Friction testing was carried out using PBS and two clinically approved HA-based viscosupplements in a cartilage-glass configuration. After culture with IL-1β, boundary mode friction was elevated after both 4 and 8 days. Additionally, friction in mixed mode lubrication, where HA is most effective as a lubricant, was significantly elevated after 8 days of culture. As cartilage became rougher, softer, and more permeable after culture, the boundary mode plateau was extended, and as a result, significantly increased lubricant viscosities or sliding speeds were necessary to achieve effective mixed lubrication. Overall, this study revealed that lubrication of cartilage by HA is degradation-dependent and coincides with changes in mechanics and roughness. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1456-1464, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Bonnevie
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Devis Galesso
- R&D Department, Fidia Farmaceutici SpA, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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43
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Microscale frictional strains determine chondrocyte fate in loaded cartilage. J Biomech 2018; 74:72-78. [PMID: 29729853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that altered lubricant levels within synovial fluid have acute biological consequences on chondrocyte homeostasis. While these responses have been connected to increased friction, the mechanisms behind this response remain unknown. Here, we combine a frictional bioreactor with confocal elastography and image-based cellular assays to establish the link between cartilage friction, microscale shear strain, and acute, adverse cellular responses. Our incorporation of cell-scale strain measurements reveals that elevated friction generates high shear strains localized near the tissue surface, and that these elevated strains are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cell death. Collectively, our data establish two pathways by which chondrocytes negatively respond to friction: an immediate necrotic response and a longer term pathway involving mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Specifically, in the surface region, where shear strains can exceed 0.07, cells are predisposed to acute death; however, below this surface region, cells exhibit a pathway consistent with apoptosis in a manner predicted by local shear strains. These data reveal a mechanism through which cellular damage in cartilage arises from compromised lubrication and show that in addition to boundary lubricants, there are opportunities upstream of apoptosis to preserve chondrocyte health in arthritis therapy.
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44
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Galicia K, Thorson C, Banos A, Rondina M, Hopkinson W, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Inflammatory Biomarker Profiling in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Its Relevance to Circulating Levels of Lubricin, a Novel Proteoglycan. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:950-959. [PMID: 29683034 PMCID: PMC6714720 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618765090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricin, also known as proteoglycan 4, acts as an antiadhesive and boundary lubricant to prevent cartilage damage in healthy joints. Following injury, a decrease in synovial fluid (SF) lubricin may lead to secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Inflammatory biomarkers, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are also implicated in the pathophysiology of OA. Interestingly, they have been shown to suppress the expression and secretion of lubricin in SF. This study aims to compare circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and lubricin between total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients and healthy individuals. Doing so may better elucidate their roles in OA and extend the understanding of inflammation as a regulator of lubricin. Deidentified plasma samples were obtained 1 day preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively from patients undergoing TJA. Utilizing biochip array technology, they were profiled for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, and TNF-α. Circulating lubricin levels were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to healthy controls, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, and TNF-α were significantly increased pre- and postoperatively. Lubricin was significantly decreased. This may indicate that elevations in inflammatory cytokines initiate a cascade of events, leading to decreased lubricin, which places the joint at increased risk of developing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Galicia
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Chase Thorson
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Banos
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Rondina
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Jawed Fareed
- 4 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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45
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Wang S, Wei X, Sun X, Chen C, Zhou J, Zhang G, Wu H, Guo B, Wei L. A novel therapeutic strategy for cartilage diseases based on lipid nanoparticle-RNAi delivery system. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:617-631. [PMID: 29440889 PMCID: PMC5798567 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s142797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilage degeneration affects millions of people but preventing its degeneration is a big challenge. Although RNA interference (RNAi) has been used in human trials via silencing specific genes, the cartilage RNAi has not been possible to date because the cartilage is an avascular and very dense tissue with very low permeability. Purpose The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-siRNA delivery system that can prevent cartilage degeneration by knocking down specific genes. Methods LNP transfection efficiency was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) has been correlated with cartilage degeneration. The in vivo effects of LNP-Ihh siRNA complexes on cartilage degeneration were evaluated in a rat model of surgery-induced osteoarthritis (OA). Results In vitro, 100% of chondrocytes were transfected with siRNA in the LNP-siRNA group. In accordance with the cell culture results, red positive signals could be detected even in the deep layer of cartilage tissue cultures treated by LNP-beacon. In vivo data showed that LNP is specific for cartilage, since positive signals were detected by fluorescence molecular tomography and confocal microscopy in joint cartilage injected with LNP-beacon, but not on the surface of the synovium. In the rat model of OA, intraarticular injection of LNP-Ihh siRNA attenuated OA progression, and PCR results showed LNP-Ihh siRNA exerted a positive impact on anabolic metabolism and negative impact on catabolic metabolism. Conclusion This study demonstrates that our LNP-RNAi delivery system has a significantly chondroprotective effect that attenuates cartilage degeneration and holds great promise as a powerful tool for treatment of cartilage diseases by knocking down specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chongwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Heng Wu
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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46
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Moshtagh PR, Korthagen NM, Plomp SG, Pouran B, Castelein RM, Zadpoor AA, Weinans H. Early Signs of Bone and Cartilage Changes Induced by Treadmill Exercise in Rats. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:134-142. [PMID: 30283898 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the earliest alterations of bone and cartilage tissues as a result of different exercise protocols in the knee joint of Wistar rats. We hypothesize that pretraining to a continuous intense running protocol would protect the animals from cartilage degeneration. Three groups of animals were used: (i) an adaptive (pretraining) running group that ran for 8 weeks with gradually increasing velocity and time of running followed by a constant running program (6 weeks of 1.12 km/hour running per day); (ii) a non-adaptive running (constant running) group that initially rested for 8 weeks followed by 6 weeks of constant running; and (iii) a non-running (control) group. At weeks 8, 14, and 20 bone and cartilage were analyzed. Both running groups developed mild symptoms of cartilage irregularities, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy and cell clustering in different cartilage zones, in particular after the adaptive running protocol. As a result of physical training in the adaptive running exercise a dynamic response of bone was detected at week 8, where bone growth was enhanced. Conversely, the thickness of epiphyseal trabecular and subchondral bone (at week 14) was reduced due to the constant running in the period between 8 and 14 weeks. Finally, the intermediate differences between the two running groups disappeared after both groups had a resting period (from 14 to 20 weeks). The adaptive running group showed an increase in aggrecan gene expression and reduction of MMP2 expression after the initial 8 weeks running. Thus, the running exercise models in this study showed mild bone and cartilage/chondrocyte alterations that can be considered as early-stage osteoarthritis. The pretraining adaptive protocol before constant intense running did not protect from mild cartilage degeneration. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa R Moshtagh
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline M Korthagen
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Saskia G Plomp
- Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands
| | - Rene M Castelein
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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47
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Flowers SA, Kalamajski S, Ali L, Björkman LI, Raj JR, Aspberg A, Karlsson NG, Jin C. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein forms protein complexes with synovial lubricin via non-covalent and covalent interactions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1496-1504. [PMID: 28373131 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the cartilage surface structure, lost in arthritic disease, is essential for developing strategies to effectively restore it. Given that adherence of the lubricating protein, lubricin, to the cartilage surface is critical for boundary lubrication, an interaction with cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was investigated. COMP, an abundant cartilage protein, is known to be important for matrix formation. DESIGN Synovial fluid (SF) from arthritic patients was used to detect possible COMP-lubricin complexes by immunological methods. Recombinant (RC) COMP and lubricin fragments were expressed to characterize this bonding and mass spectrometry employed to specifically identify the cysteines involved in inter-protein disulfide bonds. RESULTS COMP-lubricin complexes were identified in the SF of arthritic patients by Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and sandwich ELISA. RC fragment solid-phase binding assays showed that the C-terminal (amino acids (AA) 518-757) of COMP bound non-covalently to the N-terminal of lubricin (AA 105-202). Mass spectrometry determined that although cysteines throughout COMP were involved in binding with lubricin, the cysteines in lubricin were primarily focused to an N-terminal region (AA 64-86). The close proximity of the non-covalent and disulfide binding domains on lubricin suggest a two-step mechanism to strongly bind lubricin to COMP. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that lubricin forms a complex network with COMP involving both non-covalent and covalent bonds. This complex between lubricin and the cartilage protein COMP can be identified in the SF of patients with arthritis conditions including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - S Kalamajski
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - L Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - L I Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - J R Raj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Aspberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - N G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - C Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Larson KM, Zhang L, Badger GJ, Jay GD. Early genetic restoration of lubricin expression in transgenic mice mitigates chondrocyte peroxynitrite release and caspase-3 activation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1488-1495. [PMID: 28579418 PMCID: PMC5565702 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the ability of endogenous lubricin secretion to restore joint health following a brief <21 day, postnatal lubricin-null state, in a C57BL/6J Prg4 gene trap (GT) mouse under the control of cre-recombinase. Previously we showed that re-expression of lubricin at 21 days was partly restorative of joint lubrication. DESIGN The tibio-femoral joints of adult C57BL/6J mice containing lubricin, lacking lubricin, and postnatally lacking lubricin until restoration of lubricin expression at 7 days or 14 days of age were evaluated ex vivo. At 8-weeks of age, whole joint coefficient of friction (COF), and caspase-3 activation were measured and the tibial-femoral joints histologically analyzed for degenerative changes, following progressive cyclic loading. The peroxynitrite content of femoral head cartilage from these mice prior to cyclic loading was measured. RESULTS Mice that underwent gene recombination at 7 and 14 days of age did not reestablish low COF as joint cycling time increased and were histopathologically indistinguishable from the joints of lubricin-null littermates. However, cartilage from tibio-femoral joints that underwent recombination at 7 and 14 days of age had significantly fewer caspase-3 positive cells and significantly reduced peroxynitrite content compared to lubricin-null littermates. CONCLUSIONS The biological effects of lubricin, which include limiting inflammation via peroxynitrite production and caspase-3 activation, may be achieved without completely restituting low COF. However, fully recapitulating low COF may require undamaged cartilage surfaces or absence of biofouling, which may interfere with the activity of lubricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Larson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Zhang Y, Wei X, Browning S, Scuderi G, Hanna LS, Wei L. Targeted designed variants of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) attenuate cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:175. [PMID: 28743292 PMCID: PMC5526282 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was performed to evaluate whether targeted alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) variants have a similar or enhanced function at wild-type (wt)-A2M to attenuate cartilage degeneration in vivo. Methods In and ex-vivo experiment, bovine cartilage explants (BCE) were incubated with TNF-α and IL-1β with or without wt-A2M or A2M variants. Cartilage catabolism was measured in culture supernatant by sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG). In an in-vivo experiment, 2-month-old male Wistar rats (n = 77) were randomly divided into seven groups and treated with different doses of A2M or its variants by intra-articular injection at 24 hours and day 14 after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), receiving (1) ACLT/PBS; (2) ACLT/wt-A2M (0.153 mg); (3) ACLT/CYT-108 A2M (0.153 mg); (4) ACLT/CYT-108 A2M (0.077 mg); (5) ACLT/CYT-98 A2M (0.153 mg); (6) ACLT/CYT-98 A2M (0.077 mg); or (7) sham/PBS. The joints and synovial lavage were collected 8 weeks after surgery. Fluorescence molecular tomography was used to monitor inflammation in vivo using probes ProSense and MMPSense at 24 hours, and weeks 2, 4, and 6 after surgery. The cartilage damage was quantified using Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, -13, collagen (Col) X, Col 2, Runx2, and aggrecan (Acan) were detected by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC), ELISA, and RT-PCR. Results A2M variants inhibited catabolism in the BCE model by up to 200% compared with wt-A2M. ProSense and MMPSense were dramatically increased in all groups after surgery. Supplemental A2M or its variants reduced ProSense and MMPSense compared with the PBS treatment. Less cartilage damage, lower MMP-13 and Col 2 degraded product, and stronger Col 2 synthesis were detected in animals treated with A2M or its variants compared with PBS-treated animals. A2M and its variants enhanced Col 2 and Acan synthesis, and suppressed MMP-3, MMP-13, Runx2, and Col X production. A2M-108 variant demonstrated less cartilage damage compared with wt-A2M and A2M-98 variant. Conclusion The targeted variants of A2M have a chondroprotective effect similar to wt-A2M. However, A2M-108 variant has enhanced function to attenuate cartilage degeneration compared with wt-A2M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the second hospital of the Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, the second hospital of the Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shawn Browning
- Cytonics Corporation, 6917 Vista Pkwy N., Suite 14, West Palm Beach, FL, 33411, USA
| | - Gaetano Scuderi
- Cytonics Corporation, 6917 Vista Pkwy N., Suite 14, West Palm Beach, FL, 33411, USA
| | - Lewis S Hanna
- Cytonics Corporation, 6917 Vista Pkwy N., Suite 14, West Palm Beach, FL, 33411, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, the second hospital of the Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
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Friction-Induced Mitochondrial Dysregulation Contributes to Joint Deterioration in Prg4 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061252. [PMID: 28604608 PMCID: PMC5486075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of PRG4 (lubricin), the boundary lubricant in mammalian joints, contributes to increased joint friction accompanied by superficial and upper intermediate zone chondrocyte caspase-3 activation, as shown in lubricin-null (Prg4-/-) mice. Caspase-3 activity appears to be reversible upon the restitution of Prg4 either endogenously in vivo, in a gene trap mouse, or as an applied lubricant in vitro. In this study we show that intra-articular injection of human PRG4 in vivo in Prg4-/- mice prevented caspase-3 activation in superficial zone chondrocytes and was associated with a modest decrease in whole joint friction measured ex vivo using a joint pendulum method. Non-lubricated Prg4-/- mouse cartilage shows caspase cascade activation caused by mitochondrial dysregulation, and significantly higher levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO- and -OH) and superoxide (O-₂) compared to Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- cartilage. Enzymatic activity levels of caspase 8 across Prg4 mutant mice were not significantly different, indicating no extrinsic apoptosis pathway activation. Western blots showed caspase-3 and 9 activation in Prg4-/- tissue extracts, and the appearance of nitrosylated Cys163 in the active cleft of caspase-3 which inhibits its enzymatic activity. These findings are relevant to patients at risk for arthrosis, from camptodactyl-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome and transient lubricin insufficiency due to trauma and inflammation.
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