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Huang R, Zheng J, Shao Y, Zhu L, Yang T. Siglec-15 as multifunctional molecule involved in osteoclast differentiation, cancer immunity and microbial infection. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:34-41. [PMID: 36265694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-15 is a highly conserved member of the Siglec family, expressed on osteoclasts, a subset of myeloid cells and some cancer cells. Except for regulating osteoclast differentiation, Siglec-15 engages in immunoregulation as an immune suppressor. Siglec-15 functions as an immunosuppressive molecule in tumor-associated macrophage-mediated T cell immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which makes Siglec-15 to be an emerging and promising target for normalization cancer immunotherapy. Besides, Siglec-15 interacts with sialylated pathogens and modulates host immune response against microbial pathogens by altering cytokine production and/or phagocytosis, which further broadens the underlying pathophysiological roles of Siglec-15. The fact that N-glycosylation and sialylation of Siglec-15 play a pivotal role in Siglec-15 biological function indicates that targeting certain post-translational modification may be an effective strategy for targeting Siglec-15 therapy. In-depth exploring Siglec-15 biology function is crucial for better design of Siglec-15-based therapy according to different clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinxiu Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China.
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Nagase Y, Nagashima M, Shimane K, Nishikawa T, Naito M, Tanaka S. Effect of TNF inhibitors with bisphosphonates vs bisphosphonates alone on bone mineral density and bone and cartilage biomarkers at 1 year in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 32:517-521. [PMID: 34910195 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed prospectively to investigate the effect of a combination of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and bisphosphonates (TNFi with BP) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone and cartilage biomarkers compared to that of BP alone at 1 year in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Two groups of patients with RA and osteoporosis were enrolled. One group (37 patients) had already received BP, while the other group (37 patients) had already received TNFi with BP. The serum bone resorption and formation markers, cartilage markers, BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and distal radius were prospectively investigated at the beginning of the study and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS The percentages of change recorded for the various assessment categories were as follows in the TNFi with BP group: (1) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b had significantly decreased and osteocalcin had increased; (2) matrix metalloproteinase-3 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein had significantly decreased; and (3) each BMD did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that TNFi with BP therapy not only suppressed cartilage degradation and bone resorption but also increased bone formation; however, this treatment did not affect the BMD at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nagase
- Department of Rheumatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagashima
- Department of Rheumatology, Katsushika Rehabilitation Hospital, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shimane
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Nishikawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Naito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Sun P, Yang Q, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhao K, Jia Y, Zhang T, Lu X, Han W, Qian Y. Pristimerin Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption in vitro and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4189-4203. [PMID: 33116407 PMCID: PMC7553770 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone quantity and microstructure, typically owing to increased osteoclastogenesis and/or enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption, resulting in uncontrolled bone loss, which primarily affects postmenopausal women. In consideration of the severe side effects of current drugs for osteoporosis, new safe and effective medications are necessary. Pristimerin (Pri), a quinone methide triterpene extracted from Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae members, exhibits potent antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effect on osteoclasts remains unknown. Materials and Methods We evaluated the anti-osteoclastogenic and anti-resorptive effect of Pri on bone marrow-derived osteoclasts and its underlying mechanism in vitro. In addition, the protective effect of Pri on ovariectomy model was also explored in vivo. Results In vitro, Pri inhibited osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclastic bone resorption in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further, Pri suppressed the expression of osteoclast-related genes and the activation of key proteins. Pri also inhibited the early activation of ERK, JNK MAPK, and AKT signaling pathways in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), ultimately inhibiting the induction and activation of the crucial osteoclast transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T‐cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). In vivo, consistent with our in vitro data, Pri clearly prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Conclusion Our data showed that Pri inhibits the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo, and could be a promising candidate for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanben Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangxian Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewei Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
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4
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Osteoclast Multinucleation: Review of Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165685. [PMID: 32784443 PMCID: PMC7461040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations through reconstruction of the cytoskeleton, creating the actin ring and ruffled border that enable bone resorption. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast multinucleation has advanced considerably in this century, especially since the identification of DC-STAMP and OC-STAMP as “master fusogens”. Regarding the molecules and pathways surrounding these STAMPs, however, only limited progress has been made due to the absence of their ligands. Various molecules and mechanisms other than the STAMPs are involved in osteoclast multinucleation. In addition, several preclinical studies have explored chemicals that may be able to target osteoclast multinucleation, which could enable us to control pathogenic bone metabolism more precisely. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries regarding the STAMPs and other molecules involved in osteoclast multinucleation.
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Omiya T, Hirose J, Omata Y, Tominari T, Inada M, Watanabe H, Miyamoto T, Tanaka S. Sustained anti-osteoporotic action of risedronate compared to anti-RANKL antibody following discontinuation in ovariectomized mice. Bone Rep 2020; 13:100289. [PMID: 32577437 PMCID: PMC7305378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates and the anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody denosumab are effective anti-resorptive drugs commonly prescribed for osteoporosis. Both drugs may, however, have intolerable side effects; so, it is critical to examine their residual efficacy such as maintenance of bone mass following cessation. Therefore, we compared the changes in bone histology following discontinuation of the aminobisphosphonate risedronate and anti-RANKL antibody in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Twelve-week-old female C57BL/6 N mice were OVX or sham operated. Four weeks after surgery, mice were treated with vehicle, a single injection of anti-RANKL antibody (5 mg/kg), or risedronate (5 μg/kg/day, s.c.) for 4 weeks (the treatment period), followed by vehicle treatment for an additional 4 weeks (discontinuation period). The lumbar spine and proximal tibia were evaluated by micro-computed tomography. In addition, the lumbar spine, proximal tibia, and the femoral shaft were examined by bone histomorphometry. After 4 weeks of discontinuation, OVX mice initially treated with the anti-RANKL antibody exhibited a trend of bone loss associated with increased turnover in both trabecular and cortical bones, although the difference was not significant. By contrast, OVX mice treated with risedronate exhibited maintained or even increased bone mass and suppressed bone turnover. Patients discontinuing denosumab should be carefully monitored for recurrent osteoporosis symptoms, and a replacement drug should be considered. Bone mass and suppression of turnover were maintained after stopping bisphophonates. Bone turnover was rapidly increased after discontinuation of anti-RANKL antibody. Periosteal bone formation was maintained after administration of antiresorptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Omiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hisato Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious health concern, particularly in aged societies. The burden of osteoporosis with its associated morbidity and mortality due to fracture has become a critical socioeconomic problem. Skeletal integrity is maintained through a balance of bone resorption and bone formation. The bone turnover process, called bone remodelling. Recently, a number of anti-osteoporosis drugs with excellent anti-osteoporosis and fracture effects have been developed. They are mainly classified into two groups according to their effects on bone remodelling: anti-resorptive agents and anabolic agents.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:158-164. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180018
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Zhou F, Mei J, Yuan K, Han X, Qiao H, Tang T. Isorhamnetin attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and protecting chondrocytes through modulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4395-4407. [PMID: 30983153 PMCID: PMC6533508 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease affecting the whole joint, including both cartilage and subchondral bone. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been demonstrated to be one of the important destructive factors during early‐stage OA development. The objective of this study was to investigate isorhamnetin (Iso) treatment on osteoclast formation and chondrocyte protection to attenuate OA by modulating ROS. Receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) was used to establish the osteoclast differentiation model in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in vivo. H2O2 was used to induce ROS, which could further cause chondrocyte apoptosis. We demonstrated that Iso suppressed RANKL‐induced ROS generation, which could mediate osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, we found that Iso inhibited osteoclast formation and function by suppressing the expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes and proteins. We proved that Iso inhibited RANKL‐induced activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and AKT signalling pathways in BMMs. In addition, Iso inhibited ROS‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating apoptosis‐related proteins. Moreover, Iso was administered to an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)‐induced OA mouse model. The results indicated that Iso exerted beneficial effects on inhibiting excessive osteoclast activity and chondrocyte apoptosis, which further remedied cartilage damage. Overall, our data showed that Iso is an effective candidate for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Jingtian Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Xiuguo Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Han Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. of China
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Guo C, Li Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Yao J, Sun J, Dong J, Liao L. Protective Effect of Salidroside Against Diabetic Kidney Disease Through Inhibiting BIM-Mediated Apoptosis of Proximal Renal Tubular Cells in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1433. [PMID: 30564128 PMCID: PMC6289038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidences indicate that the apoptosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) play a vital role in the progression of the diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of salidroside (SAL) in DKD and its underlying mechanism in anti-apoptosis of PTECs. Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: sham-operated, uninephrectomy (unx), diabetes with uninephrectomy (DKD) and DKD treated with SAL (DKD + SAL). SAL (70 mg/kg) was gavage administered for 8 weeks. 24-h albuminuria and serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal histological changes were examined. The silico analysis was used to identify the main therapeutic targets and pathways of SAL involved in DKD treatment. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The expression of BIM, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated by western blot and immunostaining. Results: Treatment with SAL significantly attenuated diabetic kidney injury via inhibiting 24-h albuminuria, SCr, BUN, glomerular mesangial dilatation and tubular injury in DKD rats. The silico analysis identified the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as an important pathway responsible for the nephroprotective properties of SAL. Our data validated that SAL effectively inhibited the apoptosis of PTECs induced by high-glucose (HG), both in vitro and in vivo. Silence of BIM by shRNA in HK-2 cells prevented HG-induced apoptosis. The up-regulated BIM and its downstream targets (BAX and cleaved caspase-3) were also inhibited by SAL. Conclusion: In summary, SAL significantly relieved DKD. And the possible mechanisms might be partially attributed to inhibiting apoptosis of proximal renal tubular cells. The apoptotic protein BIM could be an important target of SAL in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of General Health Care II, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kikuta J, Shirazaki M, Sudo T, Mizuno H, Morimoto A, Suehara R, Minoshima M, Kikuchi K, Ishii M. Dynamic Analyses of the Short-Term Effects of Different Bisphosphonates Using Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:362-366. [PMID: 30460339 PMCID: PMC6237210 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are commonly used for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis; however, the mechanism by which they affect the dynamics of living mature osteoclasts in vivo remains unknown. Here, we describe the short-term effects of different bisphosphonates on controlling the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts in living bone tissues of mice using intravital two-photon microscopy with a pH-sensing chemical fluorescent probe. Three types of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, risedronate, alendronate, and minodronate, inhibited osteoclastic acidification during osteoporotic conditions just 12 hours after i.v. injection. Among the three types of drugs, risedronate was the most effective at increasing osteoclast motility and changing the localization of proton pumps, which led to an inhibition of bone resorption. Together, these results demonstrate that the intravital imaging system is a useful tool for evaluating the similarities and differences in currently used antibone resorptive drugs. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mai Shirazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takao Sudo
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizuno
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akito Morimoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Riko Suehara
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Department of Material and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Department of Material and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences Osaka University 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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10
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Gypenoside inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF‐κB, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7310-7318. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Wang C, Xiao F, Qu X, Zhai Z, Hu G, Chen X, Zhang X. Sitagliptin, An Anti-diabetic Drug, Suppresses Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis In Vivo and Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28713268 PMCID: PMC5492451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a disease characterized by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption. Some anti-diabetic drugs were demonstrated for anti-osteoclastic bone-loss effects. The present study investigated the skeletal effects of chronic administration of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor that is increasingly used for type 2 diabetes treatments, in an estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and elucidated the associated mechanisms. This study indicated that sitagliptin effectively prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss and reduced osteoclast numbers in vivo. It was also indicated that sitagliptin suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and F-actin ring formation in a manner of dose-dependence. In addition, sitagliptin significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific markers in mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages, including calcitonin receptor (Calcr), dendrite cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp), c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1). Further study indicated that sitagliptin inhibited osteoclastogenesis by suppressing AKT and ERK signaling pathways, scavenging ROS activity, and suppressing the Ca2+ oscillation that consequently affects the expression and/or activity of the osteoclast-specific transcription factors, c-Fos and NFATc1. Collectively, these findings suggest that sitagliptin possesses beneficial effects on bone and the suppression of osteoclast number implies that the effect is exerted directly on osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Guoli Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
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12
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D'Eufemia P, Finocchiaro R, Zambrano A, Lodato V, Celli L, Finocchiaro S, Persiani P, Turchetti A, Celli M. Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:339-346. [PMID: 27562566 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study evaluates serum creatine kinase isoenzyme activity in children with osteogenesis imperfecta to determine its usefulness as a biochemical marker during treatment with bisphosphonate. The changes of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme activity during and after discontinuation therapy were observed. These results could be useful in addressing over-treatment risk prevention. INTRODUCTION The brain isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CKbb) is highly expressed in mature osteoclasts during osteoclastogenesis, thus plays an important role in bone resorption. We previously identified high serum CKbb levels in 18 children with osteogenesis imperfect (OI) type 1 treated for 1 year with bisphosphonate (neridronate). In the present study, serum CK isoenzymes were evaluated in the same children with continuous versus discontinued neridronate treatment over a further 2-year follow-up period. METHODS This study included 18 children with OI type 1, 12 with continued (group A) and 6 with ceased (group B) neridronate treatment. Auxological data, serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism, bone mineral density z-score, and serum total CK and isoenzyme activities were determined in both groups. RESULTS Serum CKbb was progressively and significantly increased in group A (p < 0.004) but rapidly decreased to undetectable levels in group B. In both groups, the cardiac muscle creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKmb) showed a marked decrease, while serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) levels were almost unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the cumulative effect of neridronate administration in increasing serum CKbb levels and the reversible effect after its discontinuation. This approach could be employed for verifying the usefulness of serum CKbb as a biochemical marker in patients receiving prolonged bisphosphonate treatment. Moreover, the decreased serum CKmb levels suggest a systemic effect of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D'Eufemia
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - R Finocchiaro
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Zambrano
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Lodato
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Celli
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Finocchiaro
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Persiani
- Department of Anatomic Histologic Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Turchetti
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Celli
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor-1α attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm progression through the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28612. [PMID: 27363580 PMCID: PMC4929442 DOI: 10.1038/srep28612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway is associated with many vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, arterial aneurysms, pulmonary hypertension and chronic venous diseases. Significant HIF-1α expression could be found at the rupture edge at human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues. While our initial in vitro experiments had shown that deferoxamine (DFO) could attenuate angiotensin II (AngII) induced endothelial activations; we unexpectedly found that DFO augmented the severity of AngII-induced AAA, at least partly through increased accumulation of HIF-1α. The findings promoted us to test whether aneurysmal prone factors could up-regulate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 through aberrantly increased HIF-1α and promote AAA development. AngII induced AAA in hyperlipidemic mice model was used. DFO, as a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, stabilized HIF-1α and augmented MMPs activities. Aneurysmal-prone factors induced HIF-1α can cause overexpression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and promote aneurysmal progression. Pharmacological HIF-1α inhibitors, digoxin and 2-ME could ameliorate AngII induced AAA in vivo. HIF-1α is pivotal for the development of AAA. Our study provides a rationale for using HIF-1α inhibitors as an adjunctive medical therapy in addition to current cardiovascular risk-reducing regimens.
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Tanaka M, Mori H, Kayasuga R, Kawabata K. Induction of creatine kinase release from cultured osteoclasts via the pharmacological action of aminobisphosphonates. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:59. [PMID: 25664231 PMCID: PMC4315803 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An increase of serum creatine kinase (CK) has been observed in clinical studies of nitrogen-containing aminobisphosphonates (N-BPs). Osteoclasts are thought to be the source of the CK, but there is no clear evidence for the hypothesis. In this study, CK release from rabbit osteoclasts induced by N-BPs was examined in an in vitro culture system. Rabbit bone-derived cells were cultured for 3 days on the N-BPs pretreated cortical bone slices. CK activity in the culture medium was measured at 3 days of culture. The CK activity was increased with all N-BPs at concentrations at which showed antiresorptive activity over 60% inhibition of C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) release. The maximum induction of CK activity was 2.6 times the control level. The lowest N-BP concentration inducing CK release was 3 times lower than that required to decrease the osteoclast number. Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPase, abrogated all N-BP actions, including CK release. Bone-derived cells except osteoclasts were insensitive to bafilomycin A1, suggesting that osteoclasts were the source of CK. Regarding the time course, CK release occurred after a 1 day lag time and increased steadily until day 3 of culture. These results show that CK release is induced by N-BPs from osteoclasts at concentrations at which N-BPs show antiresorptive activity over 60% inhibition of CTX-1 release in vitro. These findings explain the mechanism of the CK increase induced by clinical use of N-BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tanaka
- Research Promotion, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1, Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun Osaka, 618-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun Osaka, 618-8585 Japan
| | - Ryoji Kayasuga
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun Osaka, 618-8585 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawabata
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun Osaka, 618-8585 Japan
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15
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Zheng M, Ge Y, Li H, Yan M, Zhou J, Zhang Y. Bergapten prevents lipopolysaccharide mediated osteoclast formation, bone resorption and osteoclast survival. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2013; 38:627-34. [PMID: 24305787 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-2184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the potential effect of bergapten on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated osteoclast formation, bone resorption and osteoclast survival in vitro. METHODS After osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells were treated with bergapten (5, 20, 40 μmol/L) for 72 hours in the presence of LPS (100 ng/ml), osteoclastogenesis was identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells [TRAP(+)MNCs] per well were counted. To investigate the effect of bergapten on osteoclastic bone resorption, RAW264.7 cells were treated with bergapten for six days in the presence of LPS, and the area of bone resorption was analyzed with Image Pro-Plus. Next, we examined apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells after bergapten incubation for 48 hours by flow cytometer using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double labeling. Finally, osteoclast survival was observed by Hoechst 33342 labeling and Western blotting after bergapten treatment for 24 hours. RESULTS Data showed that bergapten (5-40 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Treatment with bergapten triggered apoptotic death of osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, bergapten significantly reduced the survival of mature osteoclast, as demonstrated by emergence of apoptotic nuclei and activation of apoptotic protein caspase 3/9. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that bergapten effectively prevents LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and survival via apoptotic response of osteoclasts and their precursors. The study identifies bergapten as an inhibitor of osteoclast formation and bone resorption and provides evidence that bergapten might be beneficial as an alternative for prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zheng
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, 312000, Shaoxing, China
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16
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Kameda Y, Takahata M, Komatsu M, Mikuni S, Hatakeyama S, Shimizu T, Angata T, Kinjo M, Minami A, Iwasaki N. Siglec-15 regulates osteoclast differentiation by modulating RANKL-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and Erk pathways in association with signaling Adaptor DAP12. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:2463-75. [PMID: 23677868 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that regulate the functions of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through glycan recognition. Here we show that Siglec-15 regulates osteoclast development and bone resorption by modulating receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) signaling in association with DNAX-activating protein 12 kDa (DAP12), an adaptor protein bearing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Among the known Siglecs expressed in myeloid lineage cells, only Siglec-15 was upregulated by RANKL in mouse primary bone marrow macrophages. Siglec-15-deficient mice exhibit mild osteopetrosis resulting from impaired osteoclast development. Consistently, cells lacking Siglec-15 exhibit defective osteoclast development and resorptive activity in vitro. RANKL-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Erk pathways were impaired in Siglec-15-deficient cells. Retroviral transduction of Siglec-15-null osteoclast precursors with wild-type Siglec-15 or mutant Siglec-15 revealed that the association of Siglec-15 with DAP12 is involved in the downstream signal transduction of RANK. Furthermore, we found that the ability of osteoclast formation is preserved in the region adjacent to the growth plate in Siglec-15-deficient mice, indicating that there is a compensatory mechanism for Siglec-15-mediated osteoclastogenesis in the primary spongiosa. To clarify the mechanism of this compensation, we examined whether osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR)/Fc receptor common γ (FcRγ) signaling, an alternative ITAM-mediated signaling pathway to DAP12, rescues impaired osteoclastogenesis in Siglec-15-deficient cells. The ligands in type II collagen activate OSCAR and rescue impaired osteoclastogenesis in Siglec-15-deficient cells when cultured on bone slices, indicating that Siglec-15-mediated signaling can be compensated for by signaling activated by type II collagen and other bone matrix components in the primary spongiosa. Our findings indicate that Siglec-15 plays an important role in physiologic bone remodeling by modulating RANKL signaling, especially in the secondary spongiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kameda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear hematopoietic myeloid lineage cells, which are formed in the bone marrow and are attracted to the bloodstream by factors, including sphingsine-1 phosphate. These circulating precursors are attracted to bone surfaces undergoing resorption by chemokines and other factors expressed at these sites, where they fuse to form multinucleated bone-resorbing cells. All aspects of osteoclast formation and functions are regulated by macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), cytokines essential for osteoclast formation and expressed by a variety of cell types, including osteoblast lineage cells. Since the discovery of RANKL in the mid-1990s, mouse genetic and molecular studies have revealed numerous signaling pathways activated by RANKL and M-CSF. More recent studies indicate that osteoclasts and their precursors regulate immune responses and osteoblast formation and functions by means of direct cell-cell contact through ligands and receptors, such as ephrins and Ephs, and semaphorins and plexins, and through expression of clastokines. There is also growing recognition that osteoclasts are immune cells with roles in immune responses beyond mediating the bone destruction that can accompany them. This article reviews recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclast formation and functions and their interactions with other cells in normal and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Boyce
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 626, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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18
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Matsumoto T, Nagase Y, Hirose J, Tokuyama N, Yasui T, Kadono Y, Ueki K, Kadowaki T, Nakamura K, Tanaka S. Regulation of bone resorption and sealing zone formation in osteoclasts occurs through protein kinase B-mediated microtubule stabilization. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1191-202. [PMID: 23239117 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of protein kinase B (Akt), a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, in bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. Treatment with a specific Akt inhibitor disrupted sealing zone formation and decreased the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts. The normal microtubule structures were lost and the Akt inhibitor reduced the amount of acetylated tubulin, which reflects stabilized microtubules, whereas forced Akt activation by adenovirus vectors resulted in the opposite effect. Forced Akt activation increased the binding of the microtubule-associated protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the APC-binding protein end-binding protein 1 (EB1) and dynactin, a dynein activator complex, with microtubules. Depletion of Akt1 and Akt2 resulted in a disconnection of APC/EB1 and a decrease in bone-resorbing activity along with reduced sealing zone formation, both of which were recovered upon the addition of LiCl, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor. The Akt1 and Akt2 double-knockout mice exhibited osteosclerosis due to reduced bone resorption. These findings indicate that Akt controls the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts by stabilizing microtubules via a regulation of the binding of microtubule associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Boyce BF. Advances in osteoclast biology reveal potential new drug targets and new roles for osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:711-22. [PMID: 23436579 PMCID: PMC3613781 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated myeloid lineage cells formed in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by fusion of bone marrow-derived precursors that circulate in the blood and are attracted to sites of bone resorption in response to factors, such as sphingosine-1 phosphate signaling. Major advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclast functions have been made in the past 20 years, mainly from mouse and human genetic studies. These have revealed that osteoclasts express and respond to proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Some of these cytokines activate NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling to induce osteoclast formation and activity and also regulate communication with neighboring cells through signaling proteins, including ephrins and semaphorins. Osteoclasts also positively and negatively regulate immune responses and osteoblastic bone formation. These advances have led to development of new inhibitors of bone resorption that are in clinical use or in clinical trials; and more should follow, based on these advances. This article reviews current understanding of how bone resorption is regulated both positively and negatively in normal and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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20
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Tanaka S. Regulation of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis through RANKL-RANK pathways. World J Orthop 2013; 4:1-6. [PMID: 23362468 PMCID: PMC3557316 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v4.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that osteoclasts, the primary cells responsible for bone resorption, are mainly involved in bone and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Recent progress in bone cell biology has revealed the molecular mechanism of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by mature osteoclasts. We highlight here the potential role of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-RANK pathways in bone destruction in RA and review recent clinical trials treating RA by targeting RANKL.
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21
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Kikuta J, Wada Y, Kowada T, Wang Z, Sun-Wada GH, Nishiyama I, Mizukami S, Maiya N, Yasuda H, Kumanogoh A, Kikuchi K, Germain RN, Ishii M. Dynamic visualization of RANKL and Th17-mediated osteoclast function. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:866-73. [PMID: 23321670 DOI: 10.1172/jci65054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone resorbing, multinucleate cells that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursor cells. Although previous studies have revealed important molecular signals, how the bone resorptive functions of such cells are controlled in vivo remains less well characterized. Here, we visualized fluorescently labeled mature osteoclasts in intact mouse bone tissues using intravital multiphoton microscopy. Within this mature population, we observed cells with distinct motility behaviors and function, with the relative proportion of static - bone resorptive (R) to moving - nonresorptive (N) varying in accordance with the pathophysiological conditions of the bone. We also found that rapid application of the osteoclast-activation factor RANKL converted many N osteoclasts to R, suggesting a novel point of action in RANKL-mediated control of mature osteoclast function. Furthermore, we showed that Th17 cells, a subset of RANKL-expressing CD4+ T cells, could induce rapid N-to-R conversion of mature osteoclasts via cell-cell contact. These findings provide new insights into the activities of mature osteoclasts in situ and identify actions of RANKL-expressing Th17 cells in inflammatory bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kikuta
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, WPI–Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Miyazaki T, Iwasawa M, Nakashima T, Mori S, Shigemoto K, Nakamura H, Katagiri H, Takayanagi H, Tanaka S. Intracellular and extracellular ATP coordinately regulate the inverse correlation between osteoclast survival and bone resorption. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37808-23. [PMID: 22988253 PMCID: PMC3488055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.385369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, highly differentiated bone-resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin, have two conflicting tendencies: a lower capacity to survive and a higher capacity to execute energy-consuming activities such as bone resorption. Here, we report that when compared with their precursors, mature mitochondria-rich osteoclasts have lower levels of intracellular ATP, which is associated with receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL)-induced Bcl-x(L) down-regulation. Severe ATP depletion, caused by disrupting mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) gene, leads to increased bone-resorbing activity despite accelerated apoptosis. Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by ATP depletion is not involved in the regulation of osteoclast function, the release of ATP from intracellular stores negatively regulates bone-resorbing activity through an autocrine/paracrine feedback loop by altering cytoskeletal structures. Furthermore, osteoclasts derived from aged mice exhibit reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and intracellular ATP levels with increased bone-resorbing activity, implicating the possible involvement of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoporosis. Thus, our study provides evidence for a mechanism underlying the control of cellular functions by reciprocal changes in intracellular and extracellular ATP, which regulate the negative correlation between osteoclast survival and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zoledronate inhibits ischemia-induced neovascularization by impairing the mobilization and function of endothelial progenitor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41065. [PMID: 22848429 PMCID: PMC3405104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphosphonates are a class of pharmacologic compounds that are commonly used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis and malignant osteolytic processes. Studies have shown that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in postnatal neovascularization. Whether the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronate inhibits ischemia-induced neovascularization by modulating EPC functions remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was surgically induced in wild-type mice after 2 weeks of treatment with vehicle or zoledronate (low-dose: 30 μg/kg; high-dose: 100 μg/kg). Doppler perfusion imaging demonstrated that the ischemic limb/normal side blood perfusion ratio was significantly lower in wild-type mice treated with low-dose zoledronate and in mice treated with high-dose zoledronate than in controls 4 weeks after ischemic surgery (control vs. low-dose vs. high-dose: 87±7% vs. *61±18% vs. **49±17%, *p<0.01, **p<0.005 compared to control). Capillary densities were also significantly lower in mice treated with low-dose zoledronate and in mice treated with high-dose zoledronate than in control mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed impaired mobilization of EPC-like cells (Sca-1+/Flk-1+) after surgical induction of ischemia in mice treated with zoledronate but normal levels of mobilization in mice treated with vehicle. In addition, ischemic tissue from mice that received zoledronate treatment exhibited significantly lower levels of the active form of MMP-9, lower levels of VEGF, and lower levels of phosphorylated eNOS and phosphorylated Akt than ischemic tissue from mice that received vehicle. Results of the in vitro studies showed that incubation with zoledronate inhibited the viability, migration, and tube-forming capacities of EPC. Conclusions/Significance Zoledronate inhibited ischemia-induced neovascularization by impairing EPC mobilization and angiogenic functions. These findings suggest that administration of zoledronate should be withheld in patients with ischemic events such as acute limb ischemia.
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