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Zhou T, Pan J, Yan C, Yuan J, Song H, Han Y. Unveiling shared biomarkers and therapeutic targets between systemic lupus erythematosus and heart failure through bioinformatics analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1402010. [PMID: 38912340 PMCID: PMC11190381 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1402010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently accompanied by various complications, with cardiovascular diseases being particularly concerning due to their high mortality rate. Although there is clinical evidence suggesting a potential correlation between SLE and heart failure (HF), the underlying shared mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the potential mechanisms and shared therapeutic targets between SLE and HF. Methods The SLE and HF datasets were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both SLE and HF were performed using "limma" R package. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genes (KEGG) analyses were conducted to analyze the enriched functions and pathways of DEGs in both SLE and HF datasets. Protein-Protein Interaction network (PPI) and the molecular complex detection (MCODE) plugins in the Cytoscape software were performed to identify the shared hub genes between SLE and HF datasets. R package "limma" was utilized to validate the expression of hub genes based on SLE (GSE122459) and HF (GSE196656) datasets. CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to analyze the immune cell infiltration of SLE and HF samples based on SLE (GSE112087) and HF (GSE116250) datasets. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) network was established to further validate the hub genes based on HF dataset (GSE116250). Molecular biology techniques were conducted to validate the hub genes. Results 999 shared DGEs were identified between SLE and HF datasets, which were mainly enriched in pathways related to Th17 cell differentiation. 5 shared hub genes among the common DGEs between SLE and HF datasets were screened and validated, including HSP90AB1, NEDD8, RPLP0, UBB, and UBC. Additionally, 5 hub genes were identified in the central part of the MEbrown module, showing the strongest correlation with dilated cardiomyopathy. HSP90AB1 and UBC were upregulated in failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts, while UBB, NEDD8, and RPLP0 did not show significant changes. Conclusion HSP90AB1 and UBC are closely related to the co-pathogenesis of SLE and HF mediated by immune cell infiltration. They serve as promising molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of SLE combined with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Chen SY, Wang CT, Chen CY, Kuo PY, Wang CR, Shiau AL, Chang CH, Wu CL. Galectin-3 Mediates NETosis and Acts as an Autoantigen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119493. [PMID: 37298447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with enhanced NETosis and impaired degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding protein and is associated with neutrophil functions as well as involved in mediating autoimmune disorders. In this study, we plan to examine the associations of galectin-3 with the pathogenesis of SLE and NETosis. Galectin-3 expression levels were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients for the association with lupus nephritis (LN) or correlation of SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). NETosis was observed in human normal and SLE and murine galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3 KO) neutrophils. Gal-3 KO and wild-type (WT) mice induced by pristane were used to evaluate disease signs, including diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), LN, proteinuria, anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibody, citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3) levels, and NETosis. Galectin-3 levels are higher in PBMCs of SLE patients compared with normal donors and positively correlated with LN or SLEDAI-2K. Gal-3 KO mice have higher percent survival and lower DAH, LN proteinuria, and anti-RNP antibody levels than WT mice induced by pristane. NETosis and citH3 levels are reduced in Gal-3 KO neutrophils. Furthermore, galectin-3 resides in NETs while human neutrophils undergo NETosis. Galectin-3-associated immune complex deposition can be observed in NETs from spontaneously NETotic cells of SLE patients. In this study, we provide clinical relevance of galectin-3 to the lupus phenotypes and the underlying mechanisms of galectin-3-mediated NETosis for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting galectin-3 for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chrong-Reen Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Zhongxiao Road 539, East District, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsi Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Zhongxiao Road 539, East District, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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Shi Z, Zhang YP, Hong D, Qiu X, Zheng L, Bian L, Hu F, Chen L, Xiong H, Yang Q, Jiang S, Tan G, Wang L. Anti-galectin-3 antibodies induce skin vascular inflammation via promoting local production of IL-1β in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109197. [PMID: 36058031 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation could occur in all organs and tissues in patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE), of which skin is the most frequent one. Our previous research identified anti-galectin-3 (Gal3) antibodies (Abs) as an important mediator of lupus cutaneous vasculopathy. Herein, we showed that anti-Gal3 Abs dysregulated the function of vascular endothelial cells with higher transcript levels of IL-1β and increased expression of mature IL-1β. The enhanced production of IL-1β secreted by endothelial cells was dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome. Intradermal injection of anti-Gal3 Abs in mice induced local inflammation with perivascular infiltration of T cells and neutrophils, which was inhibited by IL-1β blockade. Induction of anti-Gal3 Abs in circulation by immunization of Gal3 antigen not only led to histopathologic changes in the skin, including focal keratinocytes vacuolization and thickening of blood vessels, but also a systemic autoimmune phenotype that involves autoantibody production and kidney damage. Intriguingly, local overexpression of IL-1β was primarily associated with skin lesions but not with other internal organs in mice. Finally, we showed that the serum levels of IL-1β were comparable between SLE patients and healthy donors. Whilst the expression of IL-1β was enriched in local area with perivascular inflammation in lupus skin lesion compared to healthy normal skin. The results strongly suggest that IL-1β plays an important role in mediating anti-Gal3 Ab-induced skin vascular inflammation and raised the prospect for using IL-1β blocking therapies to treat lupus cutaneous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Skin Diseases and Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Bian
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengqiu Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuyu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen University 8th Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongqiong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- Department of Respiration, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lou H, Ling GS, Cao X. Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: From immunopathology to therapeutic target. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102861. [PMID: 35872103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies, especially anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm autoantibodies are highly specific to SLE, and participate in the immune complex formation and inflammatory damage on multiple end-organs such as kidney, skin, and central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanisms of autoantibody-induced tissue damage and systemic inflammation are still not fully understood. Single cell analysis of autoreactive B cells and monoclonal antibody screening from patients with active SLE has improved our understanding on the origin of autoreactive B cells and the antigen targets of the pathogenic autoantibodies. B cell depletion therapies have been widely studied in the clinics, but the development of more specific therapies against the pathogenic B cell subset and autoantibodies with improved efficacy and safety still remain a big challenge. A more comprehensive autoantibody profiling combined with functional characterization of autoantibodies in diseases development will shed new insights on the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE and guide a specific treatment to individual SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DR, UK; Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK; Nankai-Oxford International Advanced Institute, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Hu H, He C. Identification of Diagnostic Gene Markers and Immune Infiltration in Systemic Lupus. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3386999. [PMID: 35558576 PMCID: PMC9088963 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3386999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organs, with atypical clinical manifestations and indefinite diagnosis and treatment. So far, the etiology of the disease is not completely clear. Current studies have known the interaction of genetic system, endocrine system, infection, environment, and other factors. Due to abnormal immune function, the human body, with the participation of various immune cells such as T cells and B cells, abnormally recognizes autoantigens, so as to produce a variety of autoantibodies and combine them to form immune complexes. These complexes will stay in the skin, kidney, serosa cavity, large joints, and even the central nervous system, resulting in multisystem damage of the body. The disease is heterogeneous, and it can show different symptoms in different populations and different disease stages; patients with systemic lupus erythematosus need individualized diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we aimed to search for SLE immune-related hub genes and determine appropriate diagnostic genes to provide help for the detection and treatment of the disease. Methods Gene expression data of whole blood samples of SLE patients and healthy controls were downloaded from the GEO database. Firstly, we analyzed and identified the differentially expressed genes between SLE and the normal population. Meanwhile, the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to identify the activation degree of immune-related pathways based on gene expression profile of different patients, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to search for coexpressed gene modules associated with immune cells. Then, key networks and corresponding genes were found in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The above corresponding genes were hub genes. After that, this study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate hub gene in order to verify its ability to distinguish SLE from the healthy control group, and miRNA and transcription factor regulatory network analyses were performed for hub genes. Results Through bioinformatics technology, compared with the healthy control group, 2996 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in SLE patients, of which 1639 genes were upregulated and 1357 genes were downregulated. These differential genes were analyzed by ssGSEA to obtain the enrichment fraction of immune-related pathways. Next, the samples were selected by WGCNA analysis, and a total of 18 functional modules closely related to the pathogenesis of SLE were obtained. Thirdly, the correlation between the above modules and the enrichment fraction of immune-related pathways was analyzed, and the turquoise module with the highest correlation was selected. The 290 differential genes of this module were analyzed by GO and KEGG. The results showed that these genes were mainly enriched in coronavirus disease (COVID-19), ribosome, and human T cell leukemia virus 1 infection pathway. The 290 DEGs with PPI network and 28 genes of key networks were selected. ROC curve showed that 28 hub genes are potential biomarkers of SLE. Conclusion The 28 hub genes such as RPS7, RPL19, RPS17, and RPS19 may play key roles in the advancement of SLE. The results obtained in this study can provide a reference in a certain direction for the diagnosis and treatment of SLE in the future and can also be used as a new biomarker in clinical practice or drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Chengsong He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province 646000, China
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Qiu W, Yu T, Deng GM. The role of organ-deposited IgG in the pathogenesis of multi-organ and tissue damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924766. [PMID: 36311714 PMCID: PMC9609414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often known simply as lupus, is a severe chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by multi-organ and tissue damage and high levels of autoantibodies in serum. We have recently investigated, using animal models, the role of organ-deposited IgG autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of organ and tissue damage in SLE. We found that intra-organ injection of serum from mice with lupus (i.e., lupus mice) into healthy mice triggered inflammation in tissue and organs but that serum from other healthy mice did not, and that the severity of inflammation was related to the dose of serum injected. Immunohistochemistry showed that a large number of IgG molecules are deposited at the site of organ and tissue damage in lupus mice, and that IgG is a major contributor to the development of tissue inflammation triggered by serum from lupus mice or patients. The development of tissue inflammation induced by IgG in serum from lupus mice requires the presence of monocytes/macrophages, but not of lymphocytes or neutrophils; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) also play essential roles in the development of tissue inflammation triggered by IgG. In addition, it has been found that TNFR1 inhibitors can suppress skin injury in lupus mice and that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors, which can block the signaling transduction of IgG/Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), can prevent and treat skin injury and kidney damage in lupus mice. We have also observed that lupus IgG might protect against bone erosion. Based on these results, we conclude that IgG plays a crucial role in the development of organ and tissue damage in SLE and in protecting bone erosion and arthritis, and we suggest that the IgG/FcγR signaling pathway is an important therapeutic target in SLE.
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Jovanović Krivokuća M, Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Ćujić D, Legner J, Dekanski D, Bojić-Trbojević Ž. Galectins in Early Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Associated Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:69. [PMID: 35008499 PMCID: PMC8744741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of conserved soluble proteins defined by an affinity for β-galactoside structures present on various glycoconjugates. Over the past few decades, galectins have been recognized as important factors for successful implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated their involvement in trophoblast cell function and placental development. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest their important roles in feto-maternal immune tolerance regulation and angiogenesis. Changed or dysregulated galectin expression is also described in pregnancy-related disorders. Although the data regarding galectins' clinical relevance are still at an early stage, evidence suggests that some galectin family members are promising candidates for better understanding pregnancy-related pathologies, as well as predicting biomarkers. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of galectins in early pregnancy as well as in pregnancy-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (A.V.); (M.N.-A.); (A.P.); (D.Ć.); (J.L.); (D.D.)
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Novel archetype in psoriasis management bridging molecular dynamics in exploring novel therapies. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174254. [PMID: 34118225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition of skin affecting 125 million populaces around the globe. It is implicated as a result of multifaceted phenomena involving various cell and subcell activities with the aid of numerous cellular and molecular components including signaling aisle and regulatory proteins owing to the development of such hyperproliferative dermatological conditions. This involves a deeply complex and conflicting pathology owing to genetic and immunological deviations resulting from the unusual presentation of different signaling pathways and regulatory proteins. Explorations of these biomarkers and intervention of molecular and cellular processes in psoriasis are yet to be investigated and could be an exceptional aspect for understanding pathology with successful targeting of disease. In the presented study, we have integrated molecular insights, including signaling molecules, pathways, and proteins implicated in pathogenesis, and we have attempted to link this knowledge to the targeting of these phenomena in order to manage the conditions precisely. Further, therapeutic delivery approaches for targeting distinct layers of skin have also been investigated based on the application of different nanocarriers for successful psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, India.
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Huang AF. Emerging role of galectin family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102847. [PMID: 33971347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectin family is a group of glycan-binding proteins. Members in this family are expressed in different tissues, immune or non-immune cells. These molecules are important regulators in innate and adaptive immune response, performing significantly in a broad range of cellular and pathophysiological functions, such as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Findings have shown that expression of galectins is abnormal in many inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis. Galectins also function as intracellular and extracellular disease regulators mainly through the binding of their carbohydrate recognition domain to glycoconjugates. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the role that different galectin family members play in immune cells, contributing to the complex inflammatory diseases. Hopefully collection of the information will provide a preliminary theoretical basis for the exploration of new targets for treatment of the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Serum galectin-3 and galectin-3 binding protein levels in systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:274-280. [PMID: 34408596 PMCID: PMC8362757 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.92320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The roles of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are of ongoing interest, but the data are insufficient due to highly limited available studies. There are no data on cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). AIM To assess serum Gal-3 and G3BP concentrations in SLE patients with and without LE-specific skin lesions, CLE patients and to correlate levels of proteins with clinical and laboratory parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 71 SLE patients with and without LE-specific skin lesions, 23 CLE patients and 40 controls. Gal-3 and G3BP were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS Serum Gal-3 and G3BP concentrations were significantly higher in SLE with and without LE-specific lesions compared to controls, but without differences between SLE groups. Gal-3 and G3BP levels were also elevated in CLE compared to controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.005; respectively). There was a positive correlation between G3BP level and CLASI activity score both in CLE (r = 0.55, p = 0.006) and in SLE patients with LE-specific lesions (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). G3BP and Gal-3 levels did not differ in SLE with LE-specific lesions and CLE. There was a positive correlation between serum G3BP level and the SLEDAI score in SLE patients (r = 0.26, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that serum G3BP and Gal-3 are elevated in CLE. Additionally, G3BP might be associated with the extent of skin lesions. There are no differences between G3BP and Gal-3 concentrations in SLE with and without LE-specific skin lesions.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skin injury is the most common clinical manifestation of SLE and is disfiguring, difficult to treat, and incompletely understood. We provide an overview of recently published articles covering the immunopathogenesis of skin injury in SLE. RECENT FINDINGS Skin of SLE has an inherent susceptibility to apoptosis, the cause of which may be multifactorial. Chronic IFN overexpression leads to barrier disruption, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cytokine production, and release of autoantigens and autoantibody production that result in skin injury. Ultraviolet light is the most important CLE trigger and amplifies this process leading to skin inflammation and potentially systemic disease flares. SUMMARY The pathogenesis of skin injury in CLE is complex but recent studies highlight the importance of mechanisms driving dysregulated epidermal cell death likely influenced by genetic risk factors, environmental triggers (UV light), and cytotoxic cells and cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Lin Y, Xiong W, Xiao S, Li F, Lu Z, Yan J, Fang X, Cui X, Wen Y, Liang J, Yu K. Pharmacoproteomics reveals the mechanism of Chinese dragon's blood in regulating the RSK/TSC2/mTOR/ribosome pathway in alleviation of DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113221. [PMID: 32783984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese dragon's blood (CDB), a crude drug extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen, has been historically applied for the treatment of various diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, the effects of CDB treatment on a mouse model of acute UC and proteomic variation in colonic tissue were investigated. The acute UC model in Balb/c mice was induced by administration of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 8 days. After the mice with UC were intragastrically administered CDB and intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin (RAPA, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1), the disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological score were recorded. An isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based LC-MS/MS proteomic technique was adopted to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colonic tissue. Bioinformatics analysis was used to discover the molecular functions and pathways of the DEPs. Finally, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the protein expression. RESULTS The results showed that CDB treatment significantly ameliorated the symptoms and intestinal damage in acute UC, while RAPA treatment led to severe symptoms and intestinal damage. A total of 489 DEPs were reversed in the control check (CK) group and the CDB group. Most DEPs were enriched in the structural constituents of ribosomes and the ribosome pathway. CDB treatment significantly upregulated the expression of the mTOR, p-mTOR and p70S6K proteins and downregulated the expression of the Akt, p-Akt, and p4EBP1 proteins. However, RAPA treatment, unlike CDB, did not return the levels of mTOR, Akt, and their phosphorylated forms to nearly normal. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the dysfunction of the mTOR/ribosome pathway resulting in the inhibition of ribosome synthesis played an important role in the development of acute UC in mice, and CDB, but not RAPA, was an alternative drug for the treatment of acute UC by enhancing ribosome synthesis via the mTOR/ribosome pathway and further promoting protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wanna Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Simeng Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jiongyi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xuewan Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yilei Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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13
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Hu FQ, Zhang YP, Yin J, Tang ZQ, Han YF, Shi ZR, Tan GZ, Wang L. Characterization of autoantibodies and cytokines related to cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2020; 30:315-319. [PMID: 33086919 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320967759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the profiles of anti-RPLP0, anti-galectin3 antibodies, interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-λ1(IFN-λ1) and interleukin-17A/F(IL-17A/F) in the subtypes of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) including acute CLE (ACLE), subacute CLE (SCLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). METHODS Serum levels of autoantibodies and cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Lupus lesions were evaluated by cutaneous lupus erythematosus disease area and severity index (CLASI). RESULTS Serum anti-RPLP0, anti-galectin3 antibodies and IFN-λ1 were higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with skin lesions than those without skin lesions, compared to healthy controls. IFN-α, IL-17A and IL-17F was elevated in all patients regardless of skin lesions. The two antibodies, IFN-α and IL-17A were positively correlated with the CLASI score in all patients with CLE. In addition, serum IL-17A was positively correlated to the CLASI score of ACLE, SCLE and DLE, while anti-RPLP0 and anti-galectin3 antibodies were only correlated to the score of SCLE and IL-17F to DLE. CONCLUSION Serum anti-RPLP0, anti-galectin3 antibodies, IFN-α, IFN-λ1 and IL-17A/F are associated with the occurrence of lupus skin lesions regardless of the systemic complications, whereas the profiles of these inflammatory mediators vary with the subtypes of lupus skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qiu Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zeng-Qi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Rui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Shi ZR, Han YF, Yin J, Zhang YP, Jiang ZX, Zheng L, Tan GZ, Wang L. The diagnostic benefit of antibodies against ribosomal proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Rheumatol 2020; 60:45. [PMID: 32859277 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-020-00148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-ribosomal P (anti-Rib-P) antibody is a specific serological marker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and routinely tested by targeting the common epitope of three ribosomal proteins of P0, P1 and P2. This study aimed to investigate if testing antibodies against individual ribosomal protein, but not the common epitope, is required to achieve the best diagnostic benefit in SLE. METHODS The study included 82 patients with SLE and 22 healthy donors. Serum antibodies were determined by ELISA and immunoblot. RESULTS The prevalence of each antibody determined by ELISA was 35.4% (anti-Rib-P), 45.1% (anti-Rib-P0), 32.9% (anti-Rib-P1) and 40.2% (anti-Rib-P2) at 99% specificity, respectively. Of 53 patients with negative anti-Rib-P antibody, 21 (39.6%) were positive for anti-Rib-P0, 9 (17.0%) for anti-Rib-P1 and 12 (22.6%) for anti-Rib-P2 antibody. The positive rate of anti-Rib-P antibody detected by ELISA was close to the results by immunoblot (33.4%). Patients with any of these antibodies were featured by higher disease activity and prevalence of skin rashes than those with negative antibodies. Moreover, each antibody was particularly related to some clinical and laboratory disorders. The distribution of subclasses of IgG1-4 was varied with each antibody. Anti-Rib-P0 IgG1 and IgG3 were strongly correlated with disease activity and lower serum complement components 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Anti-Rib-P antibody is not adequate to predict the existence of antibodies against ribosomal P0, P1 and P2 protein. The examination of antibodies against each ribosomal protein is required to achieve additional diagnostic benefit and to evaluate the association with clinical and serological disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Rui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan-Fang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No.2 Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Xin Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Liangchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Rd W, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Luo P, Guo T, Zou L, Shi J, Chen P. Study on the correlation between anti-ribosomal P protein antibody and systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20192. [PMID: 32443340 PMCID: PMC7253872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare diagnostic value of anti-ribosomal P protein antibody (anti-P), anti-Smith antibody (anti-Sm), anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), anti-nucleosome antibody (ANuA), and anti-histone antibody (AHA) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as explore the correlation between anti-P and SLE.A retrospective study was performed with 487 SLE patients, 235 non-SLE rheumatic diseases, and 124 healthy subjects from January 2015 to December 2018. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2000 scores were analyzed between anti-P/+/ and anti-P/-/ patients. SPSS19.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.The sensitivities of anti-P, anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA, ANuA, and AHA in SLE were 31.6%, 20.7%, 45.0%, 27.9%, and 14.6%, and the specificities were 99.2%, 99.4%, 98.9%, 98.3%, and 96.7%, respectively. Only 27.9% of SLE had a single positive anti-P while the other 4 antibodies were all negative. There were significant differences in the age of onset, skin erythema, urinary protein, creatinine and serum IgG, IgM, C3, C4 between anti-P/+/ and anti-P/-/ patients (P < .05). When anti-Sjogren syndrome A antibody, anti-P were positive and anti-dsDNA was negative, the incidence of skin erythema was the highest (35.1%). Compared with anti-P/-/ patients, anti-P/+/ patients had higher SLEDAI scores (P < .001).Anti-P, anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA, ANuA, and AHA have high specificity but poor sensitivity in the diagnosis of SLE; combined detection can greatly improve the detection rate. Anti-P is more valuable in the diagnosis of SLE when other specific autoantibodies are negative. SLE patients with positive anti-P have an earlier onset age and are more prone to skin erythema, lupus nephritis as well as higher disease activity.
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16
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Galectin-3 as a Next-Generation Biomarker for Detecting Early Stage of Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030389. [PMID: 32138174 PMCID: PMC7175224 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in numerous biological activities in various organs, including cell proliferation, apoptotic regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and host defense. Galectin-3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface, and then often secreted into biological fluids, like serum and urine. It is also released from injured cells and inflammatory cells under various pathological conditions. Many studies have revealed that galectin-3 plays an important role as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease, viral infection, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor formation. In particular, it has been recognized that galectin-3 is extremely useful for detecting many of these diseases in their early stages. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the recent literature focusing on the biomarker characteristics and long-term outcome predictions of galectin-3, in not only patients with various types of diseases, but associated animal models.
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17
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The contribution of macrophages to systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2019; 207:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Zhao C, Mao Y, Liu L, Wu Q, Dan Y, Pan H. Plasma galectin‐3 levels do not differ in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:1820-1824. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan‐Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Hefei China
| | - Yan‐Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Hefei China
| | - Li‐Na Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Hefei China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Hefei China
| | - Yi‐Lin Dan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Hefei China
| | - Hai‐Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Hefei China
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19
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Pasmatzi E, Papadionysiou C, Monastirli A, Badavanis G, Tsambaos D. Galectin 3: an extraordinary multifunctional protein in dermatology. Current knowledge and perspectives. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:348-354. [PMID: 31365668 PMCID: PMC6668939 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 is a unique ~31 kDa protein that recognizes the N-acetyl-lactosamine structure of several glycoconjugates. It mainly occurs in epithelial and myeloid cells, but is also found in a variety of human cell types. In view of the crucial role played by galectin 3 in the regulation of cellular processes of essential importance and in the pathogenetic mechanisms of diverse disorders, it is not surprising that, particularly in the last three decades, the attention of the scientific community has been increasingly drawn to this extraordinary and multifunctional galectin. In this paper the authors summarize current knowledge on the expression of galectin 3 in normal and diseased human skin, its implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous disorders, and the perspectives of a novel approach to the treatment of the latter using galectin 3 or its inhibitors/antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Pasmatzi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Patras University,
Rio-Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - George Badavanis
- Discipline of Dermatology, Center for Dermatologic Diseases,
Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dionysios Tsambaos
- Discipline of Dermatology, Center for Dermatologic Diseases,
Limassol, Cyprus
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20
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Wu NL, Liu FT. The expression and function of galectins in skin physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:217-226. [PMID: 29427464 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The galectin family comprises β-galactoside-binding proteins widely expressed in many organisms. There are at least 16 family members, which can be classified into three groups based on their carbohydrate-recognition domains. Pleiotropic functions of different galectins in physiological and pathological processes through extracellular or intracellular actions have been revealed. In the skin, galectins are expressed in a variety of cells, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. Expression of specific galectins is reported to affect cell status, such as activation or death, and regulate the interaction between different cell types or between cells and the extracellular matrix. In vitro cellular studies, in vivo animal studies and studies of human clinical material have revealed the pathophysiologic roles of galectins in the skin. The pathogenesis of diverse non-malignant skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and wound healing, as well as skin cancers, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous haematologic malignancy can be regulated by different galectins. Revelation of biological roles of galectins in skin may pave the way to future development of galectin-based therapeutic strategies for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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21
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Shimizu F, Nishihara H, Kanda T. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in immuno-mediated neurological diseases. Immunol Med 2018; 41:120-128. [PMID: 30938273 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2018.1531190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the brain-specific endothelial cell barrier that is important for maintaining brain homeostasis and preventing the entry of toxic substances. Pathological BBB dysfunction is a critical step of the disease process in several immuno-mediated neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and neuro-Behçet diseases. The pathological findings from patients with secondary progressive (SP) MS, NMO and NPSLE showed leaky BBB in the active lesions. NMO is a disease with strong evidence of disease-specific and pathogenic autoantibodies (aquaporin 4 [AQP4] autoantibodies). In the development of NMO, circulating AQP4 autoantibodies need to pass through the BBB in order to reach AQP4 on the astrocyte endfeet. Strong evidence suggests that NPSLE is associated with the disruption of the BBB and NPSLE patients frequently have antibodies bound to endothelial cells in their sera. We recently identified two BBB-reactive autoantibodies in immuno-mediated neurological diseases: galectin-3 autoantibodies in SPMS and GRP78 autoantibodies in NMO. In the present review article, we describe the basic structure and cellular biology of the BBB, discuss recent insights regarding the pathophysiology of the BBB breakdown in the setting of immuno-mediated neurological diseases, and describe our recent findings of autoantibody-mediated BBB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Shimizu
- a Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- a Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- a Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
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22
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Protein biomarker for psoriasis: A systematic review on their role in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, potential targets and treatment of psoriasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1796-1810. [PMID: 30017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is defined as a long-lasting multifactorial inflammatory autoimmune skin condition precisely characterized by delimited, erythematic papules with adherent shiny scales. The conditions are led by hyperproliferative responses of epidermis due to hyperactivation and immature keratinocytes production. The psoriatic skin consists of the thickened epidermal layer, in concurrence with inflammatory exudates in the dermis mainly of dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages, contributing to the distinct manifestation of psoriatic lesions. It consents to multifaceted and discrete pathology due to the genetic and immunological alteration resulting from abnormal expression of various regulatory and structural proteins. These proteins are associated with various cellular and sub-cellular activities. Therefore, the presence of protein in a pathological cellular environment in the psoriatic lesions as well as in serum could be a great avenue for the insight of pathomechanism, anticipation and diagnosis of psoriasis. Research of protein biomarker in psoriasis is yet a developing realm to be explored by both fundamental and clinical researchers. This review is an attempt to assimilate the current discoveries and revelations of different proteins as a biomarker and their importance in pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and anticipation of both the inflammatory and other dermatological aspects of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
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23
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Shi ZR, Tan GZ, Cao CX, Han YF, Meng Z, Man XY, Jiang ZX, Zhang YP, Dang NN, Wei KH, Bu DF, Liu FT, Wang L. Decrease of galectin-3 in keratinocytes: A potential diagnostic marker and a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. J Autoimmun 2018; 89:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Toscano MA, Martínez Allo VC, Cutine AM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Untangling Galectin-Driven Regulatory Circuits in Autoimmune Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:348-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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26
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Shi Z, Meng Z, Han Y, Cao C, Tan G, Wang L. The involvement of galectin-3 in skin injury in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2017; 27:621-627. [PMID: 29058991 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317736144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Zhang YP, Wu J, Han YF, Shi ZR, Wang L. Pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythema associated with and without systemic lupus erythema. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:735-742. [PMID: 28483542 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can be an individual disease only involving skin, or presents as part of the manifestations of SLE. A small proportion of CLE may progress into SLE, however, the underlying pathogenic mediators remain elusive. By only including researches that clearly described if the subtypes of CLE presented by enrolled subjects was associated with or without SLE, we provided an overview of antibodies, inflammatory cells and inflammatory molecular mediators identified in blood and skin that were possibly involved in lupus skin damages. IgG autoantibodies are crucial for the development of CLE associated with SLE, but the circulating inflammatory cells and molecular mediators require further studies to provide definitive proof for their association with skin damages. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common subtype of CLE. For DLE without associated with SLE (CDLE), it is lack of evidences if autoantibodies and circulating inflammatory cells are involved in the pathogenesis or not, but is clear that the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrates are dominated by Th1, but not Th17 cells in contrast to the various complex profile in SLE. As the major target cells in skin, keratinocytes may participate the pathophysiological process by increase cell apoptosis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in SLE and CDLE. Insights into the similarities and differences of the pathogenesis of CLE and CLE associated with SLE will also improve our therapeutic strategies for CLE that is currently adopted from SLE, and prevent the progression of CLE to SLE by providing interventions within an appropriate window of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Fang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhen-Rui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liangchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Saccon F, Gatto M, Ghirardello A, Iaccarino L, Punzi L, Doria A. Role of galectin-3 in autoimmune and non-autoimmune nephropathies. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:34-47. [PMID: 27666815 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are evolutionary conserved β-galactoside binding proteins with a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of approximately 130 amino acids. In mammals, 15 members of the galectin family have been identified and classified into three subtypes according to CRD organization: prototype, tandem repeat-type and chimera-type galectins. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is the only chimera type galectin in vertebrates containing one CRD linked to an unusual long N-terminal domain which displays non-lectin dependent activities. Although recent studies revealed unique, pleiotropic and context-dependent functions of gal-3 in both extracellular and intracellular space, gal-3 specific pathways and its ligands have not been clearly defined yet. In the kidney gal-3 is involved in later stages of nephrogenesis as well as in renal cell cancer. However, gal-3 has recently been associated with lupus glomerulonephritis, with Familial Mediterranean Fever-induced proteinuria and renal amyloidosis. Gal-3 has been studied in experimental acute kidney damage and in the subsequent regeneration phase as well as in several models of chronic kidney disease, including nephropathies induced by aging, ischemia, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, unilateral ureteral obstruction and chronic allograft injury. Because of the pivotal role of gal-3 in the modulation of immune system, wound repair, fibrosis and tumorigenesis, it is not surprising that gal-3 can be an intriguing prognostic biomarker as well as a promising therapeutic target in a great variety of diseases, including chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure and cardio-renal syndrome. This review summarizes the functions of gal-3 in kidney pathophysiology focusing on the reported role of gal-3 in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saccon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Italy.
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Nishihara H, Shimizu F, Kitagawa T, Yamanaka N, Akada J, Kuramitsu Y, Sano Y, Takeshita Y, Maeda T, Abe M, Koga M, Nakamura K, Kanda T. Identification of galectin-3 as a possible antibody target for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 23:382-394. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458516655217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have revealed that the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) might contribute to the induction of neurodegeneration in the progressive stage of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: We investigated a potential target for the serum auto-antibodies responsible for the BBB impairment in patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Methods: We identified undetermined target antigens in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that reacted with auto-antibodies in sera from SPMS patients using a proteomic approach. In addition, we examined how the identified auto-antibodies compromise the BBB integrity. Results: We found that 10 of 11 SPMS sera had auto-antibodies against galectin-3, although the patients with other neurological diseases did not have these antibodies. Downregulation of galectin-3 led to elevated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa (NFκ) B p65 expression in the BMECs. Exposure to SPMS patients’ sera also increased the protein levels of ICAM-1 and phospho-NFκB p65 in BMECs, but these effects induced by anti-galectin-3 immunoreactivity were canceled by the downregulation of galectin-3. Conclusion: Galectin-3 is a possible immunological target molecule of the pathogenic auto-antibodies and contributes to the persistent BBB breakdown in patients with SPMS. These antibodies may also serve as a novel biomarker for SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nishihara
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan/Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Nanami Yamanaka
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan/Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Sano
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshita
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Maeda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Michiaki Koga
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Centre of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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The features of skin inflammation induced by lupus serum. Clin Immunol 2016; 165:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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de Oliveira FL, Gatto M, Bassi N, Luisetto R, Ghirardello A, Punzi L, Doria A. Galectin-3 in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1019-28. [PMID: 26142116 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215593826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin, which regulates cell-cell and extracellular interactions during self/non-self-antigen recognition and cellular activation, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. It plays a significant role in cellular and tissue pathophysiology by organizing niches that drive inflammation and immune responses. Gal-3 has some therapeutic potential in several diseases, including chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Gal-3 exerts a broad spectrum of functions which differs according to its intra- or extracellular localization. Recombinant gal-3 strategy has been used to identify potential mode of action of gal-3; however, exogenous gal-3 may not reproduce the functions of the endogenous gal-3. Notably, gal-3 induces monocyte-macrophage differentiation, interferes with dendritic cell fate decision, regulates apoptosis on T lymphocytes and inhibits B-lymphocyte differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells. Considering the influence of these cell populations in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, gal-3 seems to play a role in development of autoimmunity. Gal-3 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in patients affected with some autoimmune disorders. However, the precise role of gal-3 in driving the inflammatory process in autoimmune or immune-mediated disorders remains elusive. Here, we reviewed the involvement of gal-3 in cellular and tissue events during autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L de Oliveira
- Coimbra Group Fellowship for Latin American Professors, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-902, Brazil Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Nicola Bassi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
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