1
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Lucchi R, Lucana MC, Escobar-Rosales M, Díaz-Perlas C, Oller-Salvia B. Site-specific antibody masking enables conditional activation with different stimuli. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:76-83. [PMID: 37820830 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics show great potential to treat a variety of diseases. Often, the dose that can be safely administered is limited by side effects that arise from the interaction with the target outside the diseased tissue. Conditionally-active antibodies provide an additional layer of selectivity to improve safety. Distinct external stimuli or internal cues enable different control strategies and applications. However, current antibody masking strategies have low transferability across stimuli. Here we propose a versatile approach to conditionally mask antibody derivatives and its application to a single chain variable fragment (scFv) against a receptor expressed on cancer stem cells in several tumours. Our strategy relies on the site-specific conjugation of a polymer to an engineered cysteine residue through a chemically-synthesised linker that can be cleaved in response to the target stimulus. We show that the masking efficiency depends on the conjugation site and the size of the mask. An optimised mask decreases antigen binding by up to 20-fold and affinity can be fully recovered upon activation by exposure to light at 365 nm or by incubation with matrix metalloproteinases overexpressed in solid tumours. This approach opens up the possibility to rapidly engineer antibodies activatable with any internal or external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lucchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Lucana
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Escobar-Rosales
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz-Perlas
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Maejima A, Suzuki S, Makabe K, Kumagai I, Asano R. Incorporation of a repeated polypeptide sequence in therapeutic antibodies as a universal masking procedure: A case study of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:80-89. [PMID: 37467927 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Prodrug design is a promising approach for reducing the off-target effects of therapeutic antibodies, particularly bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that recruit T cells for activation; this design uses masking sequences that inhibit antibody binding until they reach the tumor microenvironment, where they are removed. In this study, we propose PAS, a polypeptide sequence composed of repeated Pro, Ala, and Ser residues, as a universal masking sequence. PAS has no specificity, but can inhibit antibody binding through steric hindrance caused by its large fluid dynamic radius and disordered structure; additionally, its length can be adjusted. We fused PAS to the N-terminus of an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and a bsAb, that targets both the epidermal growth factor receptor and CD3, via a recognition sequence cleaved by cancer-related proteases. PAS integration inhibited anti-CD3 scFv binding with higher efficacy than the epitope sequence, and the extent of inhibition was proportional to the length of the PAS sequence. For masked bsAbs, T cell-binding ability, cancer growth inhibition effects, and T cell activation effects were also reduced depending on the length of PAS and were fully restored upon removing PAS sequences using protease. The masking procedure using PAS was successfully applied to another scFv. The provision to adjust the masking effects of PAS by tuning its length, makes PAS fusion a valuable tool for the universal design of prodrug antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Maejima
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koki Makabe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1, Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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3
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Lee HJ, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Gupta N, Kwon GS. Fibronectin-targeted FUD and PEGylated FUD peptides for fibrotic diseases. J Control Release 2023; 360:69-81. [PMID: 37315694 PMCID: PMC10527082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein found in the blood and tissues, a key player in the assembly of ECM through interaction with cellular and extracellular components. Functional Upstream Domain (FUD), a peptide derived from an adhesin protein of bacteria, has a high binding affinity for the N-terminal 70-kDa domain of FN that plays a crucial role in FN polymerization. In this regard, FUD peptide has been characterized as a potent inhibitor of FN matrix assembly, reducing excessive ECM accumulation. Furthermore, PEGylated FUD was developed to prevent rapid elimination of FUD and enhance its systemic exposure in vivo. Herein, we summarize the development of FUD peptide as a potential anti-fibrotic agent and its application in experimental fibrotic diseases. In addition, we discuss how modification of the FUD peptide via PEGylation impacts pharmacokinetic profiles of the FUD peptide and can potentially contribute to anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bianca R Tomasini-Johansson
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMRII, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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4
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Exploiting protease activation for therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1743-1754. [PMID: 35314338 PMCID: PMC9132161 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have crucial roles in homeostasis and disease; and protease inhibitors and recombinant proteases in enzyme replacement therapy have become key therapeutic applications of protease biology across several indications. This review briefly summarises therapeutic approaches based on protease activation and focuses on how recent insights into the spatial and temporal control of the proteolytic activation of growth factors and interleukins are leading to unique strategies for the discovery of new medicines. In particular, two emerging areas are covered: the first is based on antibody therapies that target the process of proteolytic activation of the pro-form of proteins rather than their mature form; the second covers a potentially new class of biopharmaceuticals using engineered, proteolytically activable and initially inactive pro-forms of antibodies or effector proteins to increase specificity and improve the therapeutic window.
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5
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Orozco CT, Bersellini M, Irving LM, Howard WW, Hargreaves D, Devine PWA, Siouve E, Browne GJ, Bond NJ, Phillips JJ, Ravn P, Jackson SE. Mechanistic insights into the rational design of masked antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2095701. [PMID: 35799328 PMCID: PMC9272835 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although monoclonal antibodies have greatly improved cancer therapy, they can trigger side effects due to on-target, off-tumor toxicity. Over the past decade, strategies have emerged to successfully mask the antigen-binding site of antibodies, such that they are only activated at the relevant site, for example, after proteolytic cleavage. However, the methods for designing an ideal affinity-based mask and what parameters are important are not yet well understood. Here, we undertook mechanistic studies using three masks with different properties and identified four critical factors: binding site and affinity, as well as association and dissociation rate constants, which also played an important role. HDX-MS was used to identify the location of binding sites on the antibody, which were subsequently validated by obtaining a high-resolution crystal structure for one of the mask-antibody complexes. These findings will inform future designs of optimal affinity-based masks for antibodies and other therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina T Orozco
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Wesley W Howard
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul W A Devine
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elise Siouve
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Bond
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Peter Ravn
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie E Jackson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Lucchi R, Bentanachs J, Oller-Salvia B. The Masking Game: Design of Activatable Antibodies and Mimetics for Selective Therapeutics and Cell Control. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:724-738. [PMID: 34079893 PMCID: PMC8161478 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibody binding have made antibodies all-pervasive tools in therapy, diagnosis, and basic science. A plethora of chemogenetic approaches has been devised to make antibodies responsive to stimuli ranging from light to enzymatic activity, temperature, pH, ions, and effector molecules. Within a single decade, the field of activatable antibodies has yielded marketed therapeutics capable of engaging antigens that could not be targeted with traditional antibodies, as well as new tools to control intracellular protein location and investigate biological processes. Many opportunities remain untapped, waiting for more efficient and generally applicable masking strategies to be developed at the interface between chemistry and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lucchi
- Grup d’Enginyeria
de Materials, Institut Químic de
Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bentanachs
- Grup d’Enginyeria
de Materials, Institut Químic de
Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Grup d’Enginyeria
de Materials, Institut Químic de
Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Ferrari M, Onuoha SC, Fossati-Jimack L, Nerviani A, Alves PL, Pagani S, Deantonio C, Colombo F, Santoro C, Sblattero D, Pitzalis C. Novel Bispecific Antibody for Synovial-Specific Target Delivery of Anti-TNF Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640070. [PMID: 33679801 PMCID: PMC7933454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic drugs, especially anti-TNF, are considered as the gold standard therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. However, non-uniform efficacy, incidence of infections, and high costs are major concerns. Novel tissue-specific agents may overcome the current limitations of systemic administration, providing improved potency, and safety. We developed a bispecific antibody (BsAb), combining human arthritic joint targeting, via the synovial-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-A7 antibody, and TNFα neutralization, via the scFv-anti-TNFα of adalimumab, with the binding/blocking capacity comparable to adalimumab -immunoglobulin G (IgG). Tissue-targeting capacity of the BsAb was confirmed on the human arthritic synovium in vitro and in a synovium xenograft Severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mouse model. Peak graft accumulation occurred at 48 h after injection with sustained levels over adalimumab-IgG for 7 days and increased therapeutic effect, efficiently decreasing tissue cellularity, and markers of inflammation with higher potency compared to the standard treatment. This study provides the first description of a BsAb capable of drug delivery, specifically to the disease tissue, and a strong evidence of improved therapeutic effect on the human arthritic synovium, with applications to other existing biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Ferrari
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shimobi C Onuoha
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Nerviani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro L Alves
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Pagani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Deantonio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Lin WW, Lu YC, Chuang CH, Cheng TL. Ab locks for improving the selectivity and safety of antibody drugs. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:76. [PMID: 32586313 PMCID: PMC7318374 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major targeted therapy for malignancies, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and chronic inflammatory diseases due to their antigen specificity and longer half-life than conventional drugs. However, long-term systemic antigen neutralization by mAbs may cause severe adverse events. Improving the selectivity of mAbs to distinguish target antigens at the disease site from normal healthy tissue and reducing severe adverse events caused by the mechanisms-of-action of mAbs is still a pressing need. Development of pro-antibodies (pro-Abs) by installing a protease-cleavable Ab lock is a novel and advanced recombinant Ab-based strategy that efficiently masks the antigen binding ability of mAbs in the normal state and selectively "turns on" the mAb activity when the pro-Ab reaches the proteolytic protease-overexpressed diseased tissue. In this review, we discuss the design and advantages/disadvantages of different Ab lock strategies, focusing particularly on spatial-hindrance-based and affinity peptide-based approaches. We expect that the development of different masking strategies for mAbs will benefit the local reactivity of mAbs at the disease site, increase the therapeutic efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with mAbs in chronic diseases and even permit scientists to develop Ab drugs for formerly undruggable targets and satisfy the unmet medical needs of mAb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Lu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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9
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Baboci L, Capolla S, Di Cintio F, Colombo F, Mauro P, Dal Bo M, Argenziano M, Cavalli R, Toffoli G, Macor P. The Dual Role of the Liver in Nanomedicine as an Actor in the Elimination of Nanostructures or a Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:4638192. [PMID: 32184825 PMCID: PMC7060440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4638192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanostructures for therapeutic purpose is rapidly growing, following the results obtained in vivo in animal models and in the clinical trials. Unfortunately, the potential therapeutic efficacy is not completely exploited, yet. This is mainly due to the fast clearance of the nanostructures in the body. Nanoparticles and the liver have a unique interaction because the liver represents one of the major barriers for drug delivery. This interaction becomes even more relevant and complex when the drug delivery strategies employing nanostructures are proposed for the therapy of liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this case, the selective delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles to the tumor microenvironment collides with the tendency of nanostructures to be quickly eliminated by the organ. The design of a new therapeutic approach based on nanoparticles to treat HCC has to particularly take into consideration passive and active mechanisms to avoid or delay liver elimination and to specifically address cancer cells or the cancer microenvironment. This review will analyze the different aspects concerning the dual role of the liver, both as an organ carrying out a clearance activity for the nanostructures and as target for therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Baboci
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Capolla
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cintio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Prisca Mauro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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10
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Abstract
Introduction: The toxicity of potent new biological therapies for cancer has limited their utility. By improving tumor specificity, antibody prodrugs can widen or even create a therapeutic window for anticancer agents that are difficult or impossible to use otherwise because of poor tolerability.Areas covered: This review will describe the current status of the field of antibody prodrugs, focusing on ProbodyTM therapeutics, including the principles behind their design, application to a variety of different antibody-based therapies, preclinical examples of their activity and safety, and early results of Phase 1 trials.Expert opinion: Proof of concept for the antibody prodrug approach, which is defined as demonstration of potent antitumor activity with improved safety, has been extensively established preclinically as well as preliminarily in early clinical trials in human patients. However, experience with antibody prodrugs is limited, and important challenges remain. Principal among them are how to design the molecules to provide the most effective protection from toxicities while preserving efficacy, how to optimize clinical pharmacology, and how to determine which among the many possible clinical applications is the best use of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Kavanaugh
- Chief Scientific Officer and Head, Research and Non-clinical Development CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Schultz C. Targeting the extracellular matrix for delivery of bioactive molecules to sites of arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:26-37. [PMID: 30311636 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications to the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be either causal or consequential of disease processes including arthritis and cancer. In arthritis, the cartilage ECM is adversely affected by the aberrant behaviours of inflammatory cells, synoviocytes and chondrocytes, which secrete a plethora of cytokines and degradative proteases. In cancer, the ECM and stromal cells are linked to disease severity, and metalloproteinases are implicated in metastasis. There have been some successes in the field of targeted therapies, but efficacy depends upon the type and stage of disease. ECM targets are becoming increasingly attractive for drug delivery, owing to changes in ECM structure and composition in the diseased state, and the long in vivo half-life of its components. This review will highlight various strategies for targeting therapeutics to arthritic joints, including antibody and peptide-mediated drug delivery platforms to aid delivery to the ECM and retention at disease sites. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schultz
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square Campus, London, UK
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12
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Vasilenko EA, Mokhonov VV, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV. Bispecific Antibodies: Formats and Areas of Application. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Lin J, Sagert J. Targeting Drug Conjugates to the Tumor Microenvironment: Probody Drug Conjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78154-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Brinkmann U, Kontermann RE. The making of bispecific antibodies. MAbs 2017; 9:182-212. [PMID: 28071970 PMCID: PMC5297537 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1268307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades we have seen a phenomenal evolution of bispecific antibodies for therapeutic applications. The 'zoo' of bispecific antibodies is populated by many different species, comprising around 100 different formats, including small molecules composed solely of the antigen-binding sites of two antibodies, molecules with an IgG structure, and large complex molecules composed of different antigen-binding moieties often combined with dimerization modules. The application of sophisticated molecular design and genetic engineering has solved many of the technical problems associated with the formation of bispecific antibodies such as stability, solubility and other parameters that confer drug properties. These parameters may be summarized under the term 'developability'. In addition, different 'target product profiles', i.e., desired features of the bispecific antibody to be generated, mandates the need for access to a diverse panel of formats. These may vary in size, arrangement, valencies, flexibility and geometry of their binding modules, as well as in their distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. There is not 'one best format' for generating bispecific antibodies, and no single format is suitable for all, or even most of, the desired applications. Instead, the bispecific formats collectively serve as a valuable source of diversity that can be applied to the development of therapeutics for various indications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the different bispecific antibody formats is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Im Nonnenwald, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße, Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Kanbori M, Suzuka H, Yajima T, Kishino E, Morishige R, Momohara S, Kawakami A, Ota M. Postmarketing surveillance evaluating the safety and effectiveness of golimumab in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 28:66-75. [PMID: 28585869 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2017.1325058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the real-world safety and effectiveness of golimumab (GLM) in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS A postmarketing surveillance of 5154 patients was conducted with a follow-up duration of at least 24 weeks. Patients were divided into four groups based on the initial treatment: 50 mg or 100 mg of GLM with concomitant use of methotrexate (MTX) and 50 mg or 100 mg of GLM monotherapy. Patient characteristics at baseline, safety and effectiveness were assessed for each group. RESULTS Over 70% of patients received 50 mg of GLM with concomitant MTX, and approximately, 20% received monotherapy. The incidence rate of adverse events was 45.40 per 100 patient-years. The incidence of adverse events including serious adverse events was comparable across all groups. The proportion of patients showing remission or low disease activity increased from 13.69% to 46.21% at the final evaluation, and no differences were observed in the percentage of remission across the four groups. Concomitant MTX use was associated with higher probability of continuing therapy. CONCLUSIONS GLM showed effectiveness in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Kanbori
- a Japan Safety and Surveillance Division, Research and Development Division , Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuka
- b Data Management Department, Research and Development Division , Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yajima
- c Biostatistics Department, Research and Development Division , Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Emika Kishino
- a Japan Safety and Surveillance Division, Research and Development Division , Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryuji Morishige
- d Medical Affairs Division , Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shigeki Momohara
- e Hakkeikai Incorporated Medical Institution/Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Keio University , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- f Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Miyo Ota
- d Medical Affairs Division , Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. , Tokyo , Japan
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16
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Ferrari M, Onuoha SC, Pitzalis C. Going with the flow: harnessing the power of the vasculature for targeted therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:172-179. [PMID: 26523772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease that leads to excessive joint inflammation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although much is still to be learned about the aetiology RA, a growing body of evidence suggests that an altered vascular environment is an important aspect of its pathophysiology. In this context, RA shares many similarities with cancer, and it is expected that several angiogenic targets in cancer might be relevant to the treatment of RA. Here, we discuss how these targets can be combined with advances in drug development to generate the next generation of RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Ferrari
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Shimobi C Onuoha
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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