1
|
Chen X, Wu Y, Jia S, Zhao M. Fibroblast: A Novel Target for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases Therapeutics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08997-1. [PMID: 38940997 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are crucial components of the skin structure. They were traditionally believed to maintain the skin's structure by producing extracellular matrix and other elements. Recent research illuminated that fibroblasts can respond to external stimuli and exhibit diverse functions, such as the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, adipogenesis, and antigen presentation, exhibiting remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity. This revelation positions fibroblasts as active contributors to the pathogenesis of skin diseases, challenging the traditional perspective that views fibroblasts solely as structural entities. Based on their diverse functions, fibroblasts can be categorized into six subtypes: pro-inflammatory fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, adipogenic fibroblasts, angiogenic fibroblasts, mesenchymal fibroblasts, and antigen-presenting fibroblasts. Cytokines, metabolism, and epigenetics regulate functional abnormalities in fibroblasts. The dynamic changes fibroblasts exhibit in different diseases and disease states warrant a comprehensive discussion. We focus on dermal fibroblasts' aberrant manifestations and pivotal roles in inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and atopic dermatitis, and propose targeting aberrantly activated fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Avanoglu-Guler A, Campochiaro C, De Luca G, Hughes M, Tufan A, Green L, Del Galdo F, Matucci-Cerinic M, Dagna L. Calcinosis in systemic sclerosis: An update on pathogenesis, related complications, and management: A heavy burden still waiting to be lifted off patients' hands. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 66:152431. [PMID: 38537324 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In SSc, dystrophic calcinosis is one of the major clinical manifestations, characterized by the deposition of insoluble calcific substances in tissues, predominantly in the chemical form of calcium hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, calcinosis might lead to compressive neuropathies and severe pain. Current evidence suggests that tissue ischemia and repeated trauma are implicated in the development of calcinosis; however, there are still too many unknown areas that need to be investigated. Detection of calcinosis is commonly performed using X-ray or ultrasound. Moreover, quantification of calcinosis with X-ray and dual-energy computed tomography might be useful for the assessment of disease burden and monitoring of the disease. Despite its prevalence and clinical outcomes, there are no approved disease-modifying treatments for calcinosis in SSc. Debulking or surgical intervention might be preferred for calcinosis complicated with infection, compressive symptoms, or relief of pain. Therefore, innovative investigations and tailored therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to lift the burden of calcinosis from the hands of SSc patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Avanoglu-Guler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, Salford, UK; Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorraine Green
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pătrîntașu DE, Sárközi HK, Lupușor E, Vlangăr IE, Rotariu GM, Rența IA, Nan AN, Budin CE. A Multidisciplinary Approach as a Goal for the Management of Complications in Systemic Scleroderma: A Literature Review and Case Scenario. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3332. [PMID: 37958228 PMCID: PMC10648338 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (also known as scleroderma) is a chronic fibrosing autoimmune disease with both skin and multisystem organ involvement. Scleroderma has the highest mortality among all rheumatic diseases. The pathophysiology mechanism of systemic sclerosis is a progressive self-amplifying process, which involves widespread microvascular damage, followed by a dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation and diffuse fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Fibrosis of internal organs is a hint for systemic sclerosis, moreover associated with interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is a complex process. In order to correlate scientific data from the literature with clinical experience, we present the case of a 56-year-old woman who was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis 16 years ago. The association of numerous comorbidities characterized by a considerable level of seriousness characterizes this case: the highly extensive systemic damage, the cardiovascular impact of the illness, and the existence of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. The systemic and clinical manifestations, respiratory functional tests, radiological features, and specific therapy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariana-Elena Pătrîntașu
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Hédi Katalin Sárközi
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
- Pneumology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Lupușor
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Irina Elena Vlangăr
- Cardiology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe-Marian Rotariu
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ionuț-Alexandru Rența
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Anda-Nicoleta Nan
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Corina Eugenia Budin
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Davuluri S, Lood C, Chung L. Calcinosis in systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023:00002281-990000000-00088. [PMID: 37830924 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide updated information on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics of calcinosis cutis associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). RECENT FINDINGS Observational studies show ethnic and geographical differences in the prevalence of calcinosis. In addition to clinical and serological associations, biochemical studies and in-vivo models have attempted to explain theories behind its pathogenesis, including prolonged state of inflammation, mechanical stress, hypoxia, and dysregulation in bone and phosphate metabolism. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk for calcinosis in SSc. Few single center observational studies have shown mild benefit with minocycline and topical sodium thiosulfate. SUMMARY Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of insoluble calcium in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It affects up to 40% of SSc patients and causes significant morbidity. Long disease duration, features of vascular dysfunction, and osteoporosis have been associated with calcinosis. Altered levels of inorganic pyrophosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 have been implicated in dysregulated phosphate metabolism that may lead to calcinosis in SSc. Plain radiography can help with diagnosis and quantifying the calcinosis burden. Surgical treatment remains the most effective therapy when feasible. At present, no medical therapies have proven efficacy in large randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijana Davuluri
- Stanford School of Medicine, Division of Immunology &Rheumatology, Palo Alto, California
| | - Christian Lood
- University of Washington, Division of Rheumatology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lorinda Chung
- Stanford School of Medicine & Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Yao MW, Shen ZL, Li SD, Xing W, Guo W, Li Z, Wu XF, Ao LQ, Lu WY, Lian QZ, Xu X, Ao X. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically enhance the immunosuppressive capacity of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by increasing PD-L1 expression. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:787-806. [PMID: 37700823 PMCID: PMC10494569 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i8.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is dependent on the "license" of several proinflammatory factors to express immunosuppressive factors such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which determines the clinical therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for inflammatory or immune diseases. In MSCs, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a key inducer of PD-L1 expression, which is synergistically enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. AIM To reveal the mechanism of pretreated MSCs express high PD-L1 and explore the application of pretreated MSCs in ulcerative colitis. METHODS We assessed PD-L1 expression in human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α, alone or in combination. Additionally, we performed signal pathway inhibitor experiments as well as RNA interference experiments to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which IFN-γ alone or in combination with TNF-α induces PD-L1 expression. Moreover, we used luciferase reporter gene experiments to verify the binding sites of the transcription factors of each signal transduction pathway to the targeted gene promoters. Finally, we evaluated the immunosuppressive capacity of hUC-MSCs treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α in both an in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture assay, and in vivo in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. RESULTS Our results suggest that IFN-γ induction alone upregulates PD-L1 expression in hUC-MSCs while TNF-α alone does not, and that the co-induction of IFN-γ and TNF-α promotes higher expression of PD-L1. IFN-γ induces hUC-MSCs to express PD-L1, in which IFN-γ activates the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, up-regulates the expression of the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) transcription factor, promotes the binding of IRF1 and the PD-L1 gene promoter, and finally promotes PD-L1 mRNA. Although TNF-α alone did not induce PD-L1 expression in hUC-MSCs, the addition of TNF-α significantly enhanced IFN-γ-induced JAK/STAT1/IRF1 activation. TNF-α up-regulated IFN-γ receptor expression through activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway, which significantly enhanced IFN-γ signaling. Finally, co-induced hUC-MSCs have a stronger inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation, and significantly ameliorate weight loss, mucosal damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and up-regulation of inflammatory factors in colitis mice. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhance both the immunosuppressive ability of hUC-MSCs and their efficacy in ulcerative colitis by synergistically inducing high expression of PD-L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meng-Wei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Shen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Luo-Quan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The South of Shangcai Village, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Zhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Orthopedics, 953 Hospital of PLA Army, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse 857000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng L, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zheng S, Xie N. Immunometabolism changes in fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243675. [PMID: 37576819 PMCID: PMC10412938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are essential for initiating and developing the fibrotic process by releasing cytokines and growth factors that activate fibroblasts and promote extracellular matrix deposition. Immunometabolism describes how metabolic alterations affect the function of immune cells and how inflammation and immune responses regulate systemic metabolism. The disturbed immune cell function and their interactions with other cells in the tissue microenvironment lead to the origin and advancement of fibrosis. Understanding the dysregulated metabolic alterations and interactions between fibroblasts and the immune cells is critical for providing new therapeutic targets for fibrosis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the pathophysiology of fibrosis from the immunometabolism aspect, highlighting the altered metabolic pathways in critical immune cell populations and the impact of inflammation on fibroblast metabolism during the development of fibrosis. We also discuss how this knowledge could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodian Zhang
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laranjeira P, Dos Santos F, Salvador MJ, Simões IN, Cardoso CMP, Silva BM, Henriques-Antunes H, Corte-Real L, Couceiro S, Monteiro F, Santos C, Santiago T, da Silva JAP, Paiva A. Umbilical-Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate 26 Out of 41 T Cell Subsets from Systemic Sclerosis Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051329. [PMID: 37239000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated disease wherein T cells are particularly implicated, presenting a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Thus, mesenchymal-stem/stromal-cell (MSC)-based therapies can be of great benefit to SSc patients given their immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic potential, which is associated with low toxicity. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals (HC, n = 6) and SSc patients (n = 9) were co-cultured with MSCs in order to assess how MSCs affected the activation and polarization of 58 different T cell subsets, including Th1, Th17, and Treg. It was found that MSCs downregulated the activation of 26 out of the 41 T cell subsets identified within CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+, CD4-CD8-, and γδ T cells in SSc patients (HC: 29/42) and affected the polarization of 13 out of 58 T cell subsets in SSc patients (HC: 22/64). Interestingly, SSc patients displayed some T cell subsets with an increased activation status and MSCs were able to downregulate all of them. This study provides a wide-ranging perspective of how MSCs affect T cells, including minor subsets. The ability to inhibit the activation and modulate the polarization of several T cell subsets, including those implicated in SSc's pathogenesis, further supports the potential of MSC-based therapies to regulate T cells in a disease whose onset/development may be due to immune system's malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Laranjeira
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Salvador
- Rheumatology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irina N Simões
- Stemlab S.A., Famicord Group, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | - Bárbara M Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sofia Couceiro
- Stemlab S.A., Famicord Group, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | | | - Tânia Santiago
- Rheumatology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A P da Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Rheumatology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ganesan N, Chang YD, Hung SC, Lan JL, Liao JW, Fu ST, Lee CC. Mesenchymal stem cells suppressed skin and lung inflammation and fibrosis in topoisomerase I-induced systemic sclerosis associated with lung disease mouse model. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:323-337. [PMID: 36447073 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis associated with lung interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is the most common cause of death among patients with SSc. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantations had been treated by SSc patients that showed in the previous case report. The therapeutic mechanisms and effects of MSCs on SSc-ILD are still obscure. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of treatment of BM-MSC derived from C57BL/6 on the topoisomerase I (TOPO I) induced SSc-ILD-like mice model. The mice were immunized with a mixture of recombinant human TOPO I in PBS solution (500 U/mL) and completed Freund's adjuvant [CFA; 1:1 (volume/volume)] twice per week for 9 weeks. On week 10, the mice were sacrificed to analyze the related pathological parameters. Lung and skin pathologies were analyzed using histochemical staining. CD4 T-helper (TH) cell differentiation in lung and skin-draining lymph nodes was detected using flow cytometry. Our results revealed that allogeneic and syngeneic MSCs exhibited similar repressive effects on TOPO I-induced IgG1 and IgG2a in the SSc group. After intravascular (IV) treatment with syngeneic or allogeneic MSCs, the dermal thickness and fibrosis dramatically condensed and significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings showed that both allogeneic and syngeneic MSCs have therapeutic potential for SSc-ILD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Ganesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Di Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Translation Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih Tsung Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hua C, Chen S, Cheng H. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for refractory inflammatory and immune skin diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2144667. [PMID: 36382475 PMCID: PMC9746473 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2144667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and immunological skin diseases such as psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis and atopic dermatitis, whose abnormal skin manifestations not only affected life quality but also caused social discrimination, have been wildly concerned. Complex variables such as hereditary predisposition, racial differences, age and gender can influence the prevalence and therapeutic options. The population of patients with unsatisfactory curative effects under current therapies is growing, it's advisable to seek novel and advanced therapies that are less likely to cause systemic damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven with therapeutic benefits in tissue regeneration, self-renewal and differentiation abilities when treating refractory skin disorders in preclinical and clinical studies. Here we highlighted the immune modulation and inflammation suppression of MSCs in skin diseases, summarized current studies, research progress and related clinical trials, hoping to strengthen the confidence of promising MSCs therapy in future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to provide updated information on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of calcinosis cutis associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). RECENT FINDINGS Observational studies show ethnic and geographical differences in the prevalence of calcinosis. In addition to clinical and serological associations, biochemical studies and in-vivo models have attempted to explain theories behind its pathogenesis, including prolonged state of inflammation, mechanical stress, hypoxia and dysregulation in bone and phosphate metabolism. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk for calcinosis in SSc. Few single-centre observational studies have shown mild benefit with minocycline and topical sodium thiosulfate. SUMMARY Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of insoluble calcium in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It affects up to 40% of SSc patients and causes significant morbidity. Long disease duration, features of vascular dysfunction and osteoporosis have been associated with calcinosis. Altered levels of inorganic pyrophosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 have been implicated in dysregulated phosphate metabolism that may lead to calcinosis in SSc. Plain radiography can help with diagnosis and quantifying the calcinosis burden. Surgical treatment remains the most effective therapy when feasible. At present, no medical therapies have proven efficacy in large randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijana Davuluri
- Stanford School of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Palo Alto, California
| | - Christian Lood
- University of Washington, Division of Rheumatology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lorinda Chung
- Stanford School of Medicine & Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsu VM, Kozák E, Li Q, Bocskai M, Schlesinger N, Rosenthal A, McClure ST, Kovács L, Bálint L, Szamosi S, Szücs G, Carns M, Aren K, Goldberg I, Váradi A, Varga J. Inorganic pyrophosphate is reduced in patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:1158-1165. [PMID: 34152415 PMCID: PMC9052889 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of calcinosis cutis, a disabling complication of SSc, is poorly understood and effective treatments are lacking. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a key regulator of ectopic mineralization, and its deficiency has been implicated in ectopic mineralization disorders. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that SSc may be associated with reduced circulating PPi, which might play a pathogenic role in calcinosis cutis. METHODS Subjects with SSc and age-matched controls without SSc were recruited from the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Rutgers and Northwestern Universities (US cohort), and from the Universities of Szeged and Debrecen (Hungarian cohort). Calcinosis cutis was confirmed by direct palpation, by imaging or both. Plasma PPi levels were determined in platelet-free plasma using ATP sulfurylase to convert PPi into ATP in the presence of excess adenosine 5' phosphosulfate. RESULTS Eighty-one patients with SSc (40 diffuse cutaneous, and 41 limited cutaneous SSc) in the US cohort and 45 patients with SSc (19 diffuse cutaneous and 26 limited cutaneous SSc) in the Hungarian cohort were enrolled. Calcinosis was frequently detected (40% of US and 46% of the Hungarian cohort). Plasma PPi levels were significantly reduced in both SSc cohorts with and without calcinosis (US: P = 0.003; Hungarian: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Circulating PPi are significantly reduced in SSc patients with or without calcinosis. Reduced PPi may be important in the pathophysiology of calcinosis and contribute to tissue damage with chronic SSc. Administering PPi may be a therapeutic strategy and larger clinical studies are planned to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien M Hsu
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Rutgers-RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eszter Kozák
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Qiaoli Li
- The Sidney Kimmel Medical College, The PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Márta Bocskai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Rutgers-RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ann Rosenthal
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Scott T McClure
- Department of Statistics, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA
- Rebel Analytics, LLC, Laguna Hills, CA, USA
| | - László Kovács
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bálint
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary University of Szeged, Szeged
| | - Szilvia Szamosi
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szücs
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mary Carns
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathleen Aren
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Isaac Goldberg
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - András Váradi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John Varga
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosendahl AH, Schönborn K, Krieg T. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:187-195. [PMID: 35234358 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an autoimmune-triggered chronic fibrosing disease that affects the skin and many other organs. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves an early endothelial damage, an inflammatory infiltrate and a resulting fibrotic reaction. Based on a predisposing genetic background, an altered balance of the acquired and the innate immune system leads to the release of many cytokines and chemokines as well as autoantibodies, which induce the activation of fibroblasts with the formation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of a stiff and rigid connective tissue. A curative treatment is still not available but remarkable progress has been made in the management of organ complications. In addition, several breakthroughs in the pathophysiology have led to new therapeutic concepts. Based on these, many new compounds have been developed during the last years, which target these different pathways and offer specific therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Helen Rosendahl
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Schönborn
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan X, Li L, Liu H, Luo J, Zhao Y, Pan C, Zhang X, Chen Y, Gou M. Strategies for improving adipose-derived stem cells for tissue regeneration. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac028. [PMID: 35992369 PMCID: PMC9382096 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have promising applications in tissue regeneration. Currently, there are only a few ADSC products that have been approved for clinical use. The clinical application of ADSCs still faces many challenges. Here, we review emerging strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs in tissue regeneration. First, a great quantity of cells is often needed for the stem cell therapies, which requires the advanced cell expansion technologies. In addition cell-derived products are also required for the development of ‘cell-free’ therapies to overcome the drawbacks of cell-based therapies. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the regenerative functions of ADSCs, including viability, differentiation and paracrine ability, for the tissue repair and regeneration required for different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Third, poor delivery efficiency also restricts the therapeutic effect of ADSCs. Effective methods to improve cell delivery include alleviating harsh microenvironments, enhancing targeting ability and prolonging cell retention. Moreover, we also point out some critical issues about the sources, effectiveness and safety of ADSCs. With these advanced strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs, ADSC-based treatment holds great promise for clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li ZJ, Wang LQ, Li YZ, Wang CY, Huang JZ, Yu NZ, Long X. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in treating fibrosis. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1747-1761. [PMID: 34909121 PMCID: PMC8641015 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the hyperactivation of fibroblasts that results in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which is involved in numerous pathological changes and diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are promising seed cells for regenerative medicine due to their bountiful source, low immunogenicity and lack of ethical issues. Their anti-fibrosis, immunomodulation, angiogenesis and other therapeutic effects have made them suitable for treating fibrosis-related diseases. Here, we review the literature on ASCs treating fibrosis, elaborate and discuss their mechanisms of action, changes in disease environment, ways to enhance therapeutic effects, as well as current preclinical and clinical studies, in order to provide a general picture of ASCs treating fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li-Quan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiu-Zuo Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Nan-Ze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Interleukin-31 promotes fibrosis and T helper 2 polarization in systemic sclerosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5947. [PMID: 34642338 PMCID: PMC8511151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystem disorder characterized by fibrosis and autoimmunity. Interleukin (IL)-31 has been implicated in fibrosis and T helper (Th) 2 immune responses, both of which are characteristics of SSc. The exact role of IL-31 in SSc pathogenesis is unclear. Here we show the overexpression of IL-31 and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) in dermal fibroblasts (DFs) from SSc patients. We elucidate the dual role of IL-31 in SSc, where IL-31 directly promotes collagen production in DFs and indirectly enhances Th2 immune responses by increasing pro-Th2 cytokine expression in DFs. Furthermore, blockade of IL-31 with anti-IL-31RA antibody significantly ameliorates fibrosis and Th2 polarization in a mouse model of SSc. Therefore, in addition to defining IL-31 as a mediator of fibrosis and Th2 immune responses in SSc, our study provides a rationale for targeting the IL-31/IL-31RA axis in the treatment of SSc. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) disease involves multisystem fibrosis and autoimmunity with limited treatment options. Here the authors demonstrate that IL-31 and IL-31RA are overexpressed in dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients and show that fibrosis and cytokine release can be reduced upon blocking of IL-31/IL-31RA.
Collapse
|
16
|
Henderson J, O'Reilly S. The emerging role of metabolism in fibrosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:639-653. [PMID: 34024695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic shift that cancer cells undergo towards aerobic glycolysis was identified as a defining feature in tumours almost 100 years ago; however, it has only recently become apparent that similar metabolic reprogramming is a key feature in other diseases - with fibrosis now entering the fray. In this perspective, an overview of the recent evidence implicating increased glycolysis and glutaminolysis as mediators of fibrosis is presented, with a particular emphasis on the novel therapeutic possibilities this introduces. Furthermore, the impact that metabolic reprogramming has on redox homeostasis is discussed, providing an insight into how this often-overlooked mechanism may drive the pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Henderson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. steven.o'
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blisters on your fingers. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:465-466. [PMID: 34014499 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells play a key role in fibrogenesis. An exciting paper was recently published showed that blister fluid from the skin patients with the autoimmune connective tissue disease scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) preferentially activated mesenchymal progenitor cells (Taki et al. in Arthritis Rheumatol 72(8):1361-1374, 2020). These data provide new and invaluable insights into the complex interactions in the connective tissue microenvironment that ultimately result in persistent, pathological fibrosis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rosa I, Romano E, Fioretto BS, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. Adipose-derived stem cells: Pathophysiologic implications vs therapeutic potential in systemic sclerosis. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:30-48. [PMID: 33584978 PMCID: PMC7859990 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) residing in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of white adipose tissue are recently emerging as an alternative tool for stem cell-based therapy in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a complex connective tissue disorder affecting the skin and internal organs with fibrotic and vascular lesions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported promising therapeutic effects of fat grafting and autologous SVF/ADSC-based local treatment for facial and hand cutaneous manifestations of SSc patients. However, currently available data indicate that ADSCs may represent a double-edged sword in SSc, as they may exhibit a pro-fibrotic and anti-adipogenic phenotype, possibly behaving as an additional pathogenic source of pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts through the adipocyte-to-myofibroblast transition process. Thus, in the perspective of a larger employ of SSc-ADSCs for further therapeutic applications, it is important to definitely unravel whether these cells present a comparable phenotype and similar immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic properties in respect to healthy ADSCs. In light of the dual role that ADSCs seem to play in SSc, this review will provide a summary of the most recent insights into the preclinical and clinical studies employing SVF and ADSCs for the treatment of the disease and, at the same time, will focus on the main findings highlighting the possible involvement of these stem cells in SSc-related fibrosis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nandi A, Chowdhuri DK. Cadmium mediated redox modulation in germline stem cells homeostasis affects reproductive health of Drosophila males. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123737. [PMID: 33254766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of male germline stem cells (GSCs) homeostasis is crucial for successful reproductive life of adults. New insights gained on dysfunction in stem cell maintenance could be the basis of stem cell dependent ailment during adulthood. Cadmium (Cd), a reported male reproductive toxicant, has been explored inadequately for its impact on male GSCs maintenance. The present study, therefore, has been aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of Cd on the homeostasis of GSCs by using Drosophila testis as an in vivo model. Following developmental exposure of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL) to Drosophila, we showed that a significantly increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 20.0 μg/mL of Cd resulted in alteration of GSCs number accompanied by inappropriate differentiation leading to reduced sperm number and eventually poor reproductive performance in exposed organism. Rescuing effect was evident by overexpressing sod in the early germ cell stage. The study suggests that an alteration in GSCs homeostasis due to redox imbalance plays a pivotal role in Cd induced failure in male fertility. The study further advocates for the use of Drosophila as an alternative animal model for in vivo evaluation of male GSCs toxicity with minimal ethical concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abik Nandi
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McCoy SS, Giri J, Das R, Paul PK, Pennati A, Parker M, Liang Y, Galipeau J. Minor salivary gland mesenchymal stromal cells derived from patients with Sjӧgren's syndrome deploy intact immune plasticity. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:301-310. [PMID: 33262072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) provide minor salivary glands (MSGs) with support and niche cells for epithelial glandular tissue. Little is known about resident MSG-derived MSCs (MSG-MSCs) in primary Sjӧgren's syndrome (PSS). The authors' objective is to define the immunobiology of endogenous PSS MSG-MSCs. METHODS Using culture-adapted MSG-MSCs isolated from consenting PSS subjects (n = 13), the authors performed in vitro interrogation of PSS MSG-MSC immunobiology and global gene expression compared with controls. To this end, the authors performed phenotypic and immune functional analysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and intercellular adhesion marker 1 (ICAM-1) before and after interferon γ (IFNγ) licensing as well as the effect of MSG-MSCs on T-cell proliferation. Considering the female predominance of PSS, the authors also addressed the influence of 17-β-estradiol on estrogen receptor α-positive-related MSC function. RESULTS The authors found that MSG-MSCs deployed normal immune regulatory functionality after IFNγ stimulation, as demonstrated by increased protein-level expression of IDO, PD-L1 and ICAM-1. The authors also found that MSG-MSCs suppressed T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner independent of 17-β-estradiol exposure. Gene ontology and pathway analysis highlighted extracellular matrix deposition as a possible difference between PSS and control MSG-MSCs. MSG-MSCs demonstrated increased α-smooth muscle actin expression in PSS, indicating a partial myofibroblast-like adaptation. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish similar immune regulatory function of MSG-MSCs in both PSS and control patients, precluding intrinsic MSC immune regulatory defects in PSS. PSS MSG-MSCs show a partial imprinted myofibroblast-like phenotype that may arise in the setting of chronic inflammation, providing a plausible etiology for PSS-related glandular fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S McCoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jayeeta Giri
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrea Pennati
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maxwell Parker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Medical Biology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Henderson J, Duffy L, Stratton R, Ford D, O'Reilly S. Metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis and glutamine metabolism are key events in myofibroblast transition in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14026-14038. [PMID: 33140521 PMCID: PMC7754020 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare fibrotic autoimmune disorder for which no curative treatments currently exist. Metabolic remodelling has recently been implicated in other autoimmune diseases; however, its potential role in SSc has received little attention. Here, we aimed to determine whether changes to glycolysis and glutaminolysis are important features of skin fibrosis. TGF‐β1, the quintessential pro‐fibrotic stimulus, was used to activate fibrotic pathways in NHDFs in vitro. Dermal fibroblasts derived from lesions of SSc patients were also used for in vitro experiments. Parameters of glycolytic function were assessed using by measuring extracellular acidification in response to glycolytic activators/inhibitors, whilst markers of fibrosis were measured by Western blotting following the use of the glycolysis inhibitors 2‐dg and 3PO and the glutaminolysis inhibitor G968. Succinate was also measured after TGF‐β1 stimulation. Itaconate was added to SSc fibroblasts and collagen examined. TGF‐β1 up‐regulates glycolysis in dermal fibroblasts, and inhibition of glycolysis attenuates its pro‐fibrotic effects. Furthermore, inhibition of glutamine metabolism also reverses TGF‐β1‐induced fibrosis, whilst glutaminase expression is up‐regulated in dermal fibroblasts derived from SSc patient skin lesions, suggesting that enhanced glutamine metabolism is another aspect of the pro‐fibrotic metabolic phenotype in skin fibrosis. TGF‐β1 was also able to enhance succinate production, with increased succinate shown to be associated with increased collagen expression. Incubation of SSc cells with itaconate, an important metabolite, reduced collagen expression. TGF‐β1 activation of glycolysis is a key feature of the fibrotic phenotype induced by TGF‐B1 in skin cells, whilst increased glutaminolysis is also evident in SSc fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Henderson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Duffy
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatic and Connective Tissue Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Ford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| |
Collapse
|