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Weldon A, Burrows AM, Wirdateti W, Nugraha TP, Supriatna N, Smith TD, Nekaris KAI. From masks to muscles: Mapping facial structure of Nycticebus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38872582 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Facial musculature in mammals underlies mastication and nonverbal communicative facial displays. Our understanding of primate facial expression comes primarily from haplorrhines (monkeys and apes), while our understanding of strepsirrhine (lemurs and lorises) facial expression remains incomplete. We examined the facial muscles of six specimens from three Nycticebus species (Nycticebus coucang, Nycticebus javanicus, and Nycticebus menagensis) using traditional dissection methodology and novel three-dimensional facial scanning to produce a detailed facial muscle map, and compared these results to another nocturnal strepsirrhine genus, the greater bushbaby (Otolemur spp.). We observed 19 muscles with no differences among Nycticebus specimens. A total of 17 muscles were observed in both Nycticebus and Otolemur, with little difference in attachment and function but some difference in directionality of movement. In the oral region, we note the presence of the depressor anguli oris, which has been reported in other primate species but is absent in Otolemur. The remaining muscle is a previously undescribed constrictor nasalis muscle located on the lateral nasal alar region, likely responsible for constriction of the nares. We propose this newly described muscle may relate to vomeronasal organ functioning and the importance of the use of nasal musculature in olfactory communication. We discuss how this combined methodology enabled imaging of small complex muscles. We further discuss how the facial anatomy of Nycticebus spp. relates to their unique physiology and behavioral ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weldon
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - A M Burrows
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Wirdateti
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency [BRIN], Indonesia
| | - T P Nugraha
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency [BRIN], Indonesia
| | - N Supriatna
- National Research and Innovation Agency [BRIN], Indonesia
| | - Timothy D Smith
- School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K A I Nekaris
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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2
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Pigolkin YI, Kosukhina OI, Fomina EE, Leonov SV, Turbachkin VY, Leonova EN. [Innovations in forensic medicine: accuracy, evidence and effectiveness of expertises in emergencies in case of mass fatality]. Sud Med Ekspert 2024; 67:22-26. [PMID: 39189490 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246704122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The article presents the main innovative methods used in forensic expert practice at the current stage, reveals the principle and algorithms of the developed software complex for registration and identification of the deceased. The proposed program automatically generates four documents, which reduces the time required for forensic expertise in the conditions of mass admission of deceased. The article's authors substantiate prospects of further application of computer technologies in forensic practice to improve organizational and methodological activities in emergencies with a large number of deceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu I Pigolkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - O I Kosukhina
- Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Customs Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - E E Fomina
- Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russia
| | - S V Leonov
- Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- th Main State Centre for Forensic Medical and Criminalistic Expertise, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E N Leonova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Miltykh I, Kafarov ES, Covantsev S, Dadashev AS, Skarlis AA, Zenin OK. A new dimension in medical education: Virtual reality in anatomy during COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Anat 2023; 36:1007-1015. [PMID: 37485993 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality technology has been increasingly used in the field of anatomy education, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual reality in anatomy (VRA) allows the creation of immersive, three-dimensional environments or experiences that can interact in a seemingly real or physical way. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. The search included studies published between 2020 and June 2023. The use of VRA education has been shown to be effective in improving students' understanding and retention of knowledge, as well as developing practical skills such as surgical techniques. VRA can allow students to visualize and interact with complex structures and systems in a way that is not possible with traditional methods. It can also provide a safe and ethical alternative to cadavers, which may be in short supply or have access restrictions. Additionally, VRA can be used to create customized learning experiences, allowing students to focus on specific areas of anatomy or to repeat certain exercises as needed. However, there are also limitations to the use of VRA education, including cost and the need for specialized equipment and training, as well as concerns about the realism and accuracy of VRA models. To fully utilize the potential of VRA education, it is important for educators to carefully consider the appropriate use of VR and to continuously evaluate its effectiveness. It is important for educators to carefully consider the appropriate use of VRA and to continuously evaluate its effectiveness to fully utilize its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Miltykh
- Department of Human Anatomy, Penza State University, Penza, Russia
- Θ.Υ.Ε.∑.Π.Α. Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Edgar S Kafarov
- Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy with Operative Surgery, Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia
| | - Serghei Covantsev
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ali S Dadashev
- Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy with Operative Surgery, Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia
| | - Apostolos A Skarlis
- Data Protection Officer, National Center of Emergency Healthcare, Athens, Greece
- School of Law, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Oleg K Zenin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Penza State University, Penza, Russia
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Chytas D, Paraskevas G, Demesticha T, Asouhidou I, Troupis T. Considerations for the Value of Dynamic Virtual Models for Clinical Musculoskeletal Anatomy Education. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:1285-1286. [PMID: 37886293 PMCID: PMC10597953 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Chytas
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 20, Plateon Str., 23100 Sparta, Greece
- European University of Cyprus, 6, Diogenous Str., 2404 Nicosia, Engomi Cyprus
| | - Georgios Paraskevas
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theano Demesticha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Asouhidou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore Troupis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
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Emadzadeh A, EidiBaygi H, Mohammadi S, Etezadpour M, Yavari M, Mastour H. Virtual Dissection: an Educational Technology to Enrich Medical Students' Learning Environment in Gastrointestinal Anatomy Course. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:1175-1182. [PMID: 37886262 PMCID: PMC10597925 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Virtual dissection provides a digital experience of medical images to visualize anatomy on touchscreen tables. This study aimed to integrate the virtual dissection table (VDT) into the gastrointestinal anatomy course and assess medical students' intended learning outcomes and satisfaction with this educational technology. Methods This quasi-experimental study enrolled second-year undergraduate medical students who studied anatomical sciences in the autumn semester of 2021-2022 at a single medical school. In the intervention and control groups, the participants were randomized to study anatomy by VDT or topographical anatomy textbooks. The knowledge tests evaluated the students' learning outcomes of gastrointestinal anatomy, and following the course, students completed a satisfaction survey. Results The findings indicated that a significant gain occurred, and instructional intervention during which the learning environment was enriched with virtual dissection could enhance the students' learning (F = 13.33, df = 2, P < 0.01, partial η2 = 0.20) and satisfaction (T = 6.10, df = 54, P < 0.01, Cohen's d = 1.63, CI95% = 1.02-2.23). Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential for virtual dissection to augment anatomical science education. Further research is required to consider the contributing features and apply this educational technology to enhance students' anatomy learning. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01867-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Emadzadeh
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hasan EidiBaygi
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Etezadpour
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehri Yavari
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniye Mastour
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abualadas HM, Xu L. Achievement of learning outcomes in non-traditional (online) versus traditional (face-to-face) anatomy teaching in medical schools: A mixed method systematic review. Clin Anat 2023; 36:50-76. [PMID: 35969356 PMCID: PMC10087909 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the logistical challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic have prompted medical educators teaching gross anatomy to explore an expanded use of online instructional modalities. There is concern that this shift to online anatomy education in medical schools could affect long-term learning outcomes for future healthcare providers. In this systematic review, the educational effectiveness of online anatomy teaching is compared with traditional ("face-to-face") teaching methods, specifically in terms of students' academic performance and satisfaction. A search of four databases identified and screened 162 studies. Subsequently, 31 studies were analyzed, including both (a) teaching outcome measures (test scores) and (b) student satisfaction ratings. Authors chose studies, extracted data, assessed quality and examined risk of bias. Nineteen studies compared students' academic performances between online and face-to-face teaching methods. Twenty-six studies measured students' levels of satisfaction in both teaching methods. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data revealed comparable academic performances with no statistical difference between the two teaching methods, but a higher level of satisfaction with face-to-face teaching. The findings confirm that students can learn from online teaching but are more satisfied with face-to-face teaching. The authors conclude that online teaching cannot replace traditional teaching and there is no preference for one type of modality over the other. Therefore, a multi-modal learning approach combining online with face-to-face educational modalities for medical students could be efficient and successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Abualadas
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, South Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Evans DJR. Has pedagogy, technology, and Covid-19 killed the face-to-face lecture? ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:1145-1151. [PMID: 36102494 PMCID: PMC9826245 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The lecture has been around for centuries and has featured as a popular and frequent component in higher education courses across many disciplines including anatomy. In more recent years, there has been a growing shift toward blended learning and related pedagogies that encourage active participation of students in both face-to-face and online learning environments. Unfortunately, in many cases, the lecture, which has typically focused on the transmission of information from educator to student has not been adapted to become a more learner-oriented approach with opportunities for students to actively interact and engage. As a result, the future of whether the lecture should continue has once again become a center of debate. The consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic and its aftermath have added to this with institutions now looking to stop all lectures or offer them in an online format only. This commentary argues that lecture-style components could still feature within face-to-face and online provision, but only if they are used sparingly within a blended curriculum, have a defined use that aligns well to learning outcomes, are assessed as the most effective method pedagogically, and importantly integrate approaches and activities that promote student engagement. Anatomy educators have demonstrated for years that they are able to be at the forefront of pedagogical change and evidenced during the pandemic their agile and innovative ability to adapt and do things differently. Therefore, the fate of the lecture, at least in anatomy, may well be in their hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J. R. Evans
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Evans DJR, Pawlina W. The future of anatomy education: Learning from Covid-19 disruption. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:643-649. [PMID: 35656637 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J R Evans
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wojciech Pawlina
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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