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Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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2
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Chen C, Zhang S, Tu B, Meng T, Li J, Qian Y, Li P, Liu B, Duan W, Xu H, Zhao F, Peng Y, Li J, Zeng Q. Solvent-Dependent Core-Modified Rubyrin Self-Assembly at Liquid/Solid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3879-3886. [PMID: 32212611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was utilized to disclose four novel core-modified rubyrin self-assembly behaviors on the highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, of which N2S4-OR(1)/N2Se4-OR(2) had no phenanthrene pyrrole ring and N2S4-OR(3)/N2Se4-OR(4) had phenanthrene-fused pyrrole rings and meso-aryl substituents. It was discovered that the core-modified rubyrin could self-assemble into either face-on or edge-on monolayer structures selectively at the liquid/HOPG interface in different solvents. There was an obvious solvent-dependent self-assembly for N2S4-OR(3)/N2Se4-OR(4), which adopted an edge-on and face-on structure in 1-phenyloctane and 1-heptanoic acid solvents, respectively, whereas N2S4-OR(1)/N2Se4-OR(2) showed no obvious difference in the assembly structure, which both adopted a face-on structure in the two solvents. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also utilized to reveal the relevant self-assembly mechanisms. This study shows a typical solvent effect regulating core-modified rubyrin self-assembly, which is essential for porphyrin-based functional devices' design and manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fengying Zhao
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Rao Y, Zhou W, Xu L, Zhou M, Yin B, Tanaka T, Osuka A, Song J. Singly and Doubly Neo-Confused Smaragdyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18836-18844. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
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Kushwaha A, Patil SK, Das D. A pyrene-benzimidazole composed effective fluoride sensor: potential mimicking of a Boolean logic gate. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective fluoride sensor based on a pyrene benzimidazole unit was developed and studied for recyclable memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Matunga
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Sagar K. Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Matunga
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Matunga
- Mumbai 400019
- India
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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7
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Cui L, Miao X, Xu L, Hu Y, Deng W. Self-assembly polymorphism of 2,7-bis-nonyloxy-9-fluorenone: solvent induced the diversity of intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3627-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dielectric variance of homologous acids induced different coadsorption behaviors. Intermolecular dipolar interaction stabilized the arrangements of fluorenone moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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8
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Liu B, Li X, Zhang J, Chmielewski PJ. L-Proline catalyzed reaction of N-confused porphyrin and active methylene compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:4831-9. [PMID: 23797270 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40754c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Active methylene compounds such as acetone, butanone, cyclopentanone, nitromethane, malononitrile, ethyl 2-cyanoacetate, diethyl malonate, and ethyl acetylacetate react with the C3 position of N-confused porphyrin in the presence of L-proline in refluxing THF-EtOH affording a variety of N-confused porphyrin derivatives in moderate yield. L-Proline catalyzes the reaction facilitating the formation of the carbanion derived from an active methylene compound simultaneously delivering protons to the N-confused porphyrin. Both processes are key factors of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
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Baek K, Eom MS, Kim S, Han MS. Metal ion-prompted pyrene–excimer formation via an anion-mediated process and its application for a ratiometric Zn2+ chemosensor with high selectivity over Cd2+. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Zhang X, Xu H, Shen Y, Wang Y, Shen Z, Zeng Q, Wang C. Solvent dependent supramolecular self-assembly and surface reversal of a modified porphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12510-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Li X, Liu B, Xu X, Chmielewski PJ. DDQ-Supported Alkoxylation of 2-Aza-21-carbaporphyrin and Noncatalyzed Transetherification of Its 3,21-Dialkoxy Derivatives. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8206-19. [PMID: 22924766 DOI: 10.1021/jo301573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan
Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology,
Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan
Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology,
Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan
Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology,
Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50 383 Wrocław,
Poland
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12
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Blooming of confused porphyrinoids—fusion, expansion, contraction, and more confusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:937-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Chmielewski PJ, Siczek M, Szterenberg L. Protonated N-Confused Porphyrin Dimer: Formation, Structure, and Guest Binding. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6719-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Siczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Szterenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
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Wang T, Yan XP. Pyrazino[2.3-g]quinoxaline-Bridged Indole-Based Building Blocks: Design, Synthesis, Anion-Binding Properties, and Phosphate-Directed Assembly in the Solid State. Chemistry 2010; 16:4639-49. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Wang Q, Xie Y, Ding Y, Li X, Zhu W. Colorimetric fluoride sensors based on deprotonation of pyrrole–hemiquinone compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3669-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c001509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Toganoh M, Ogawa H, Morimoto T, Furuta H. Programmed asymmetrical trimer formation of β-alkyl N-confused porphyrin zinc(II) complex. Supramol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270802588293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ogawa
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
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Chang GF, Kumar A, Ching WM, Chu HW, Hung CH. Tetramethyl-m-benziporphodimethene and Isomeric α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactam Embedded N-Confused Tetramethyl-m-benziporphodimethenes. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:164-73. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Toganoh M, Miyachi H, Akimaru H, Ito F, Nagamura T, Furuta H. Anion responsive dyad system of porphyrin and N-confused porphyrin. Org Biomol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b907775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Won DH, Toganoh M, Uno H, Furuta H. Pt(II) N-confused porphyrin: An expanded pyrrole that affords a stable π-anion. Dalton Trans 2009:6151-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b906018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Lash TD, Von Ruden AL. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Methyl and N-Phenyl meso-Unsubstituted N-Confused Porphyrins. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9417-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802040q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
| | - Amber L. Von Ruden
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
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