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Luo J, Montag M, Milstein D. Metal-Ligand Cooperation with Thiols as Transient Cooperative Ligands: Acceleration and Inhibition Effects in (De)Hydrogenation Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1709-1721. [PMID: 38833580 PMCID: PMC11191399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusOver the past two decades, we have developed a series of pincer-type transition metal complexes capable of activating strong covalent bonds through a mode of reactivity known as metal-ligand cooperation (MLC). In such systems, an incoming substrate molecule simultaneously interacts with both the metal center and ligand backbone, with one part of the molecule reacting at the metal center and another part at the ligand. The majority of these complexes feature pincer ligands with a pyridine core, and undergo MLC through reversible dearomatization/aromatization of this pyridine moiety. This MLC platform has enabled us to perform a variety of catalytic dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, and related reactions, with high efficiency and selectivity under relatively mild conditions.In a typical catalytic complex that operates through MLC, the cooperative ligand remains coordinated to the metal center throughout the entire catalytic process, and this complex is the only catalytic species involved in the reaction. As part of our ongoing efforts to develop new catalytic systems featuring MLC, we have recently introduced the concept of transient cooperative ligand (TCL), i.e., a ligand that is capable of MLC when coordinated to a metal center, but the coordination of which is reversible rather than permanent. We have thus far employed thiol(ate)s as TCLs, in conjunction with an acridanide-based ruthenium(II)-pincer catalyst, and this has resulted in remarkable acceleration and inhibition effects in various hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. A cooperative thiol(ate) ligand can be installed in situ by the simple addition of an appropriate thiol in an amount equivalent to the catalyst, and this has been repeatedly shown to enable efficient bond activation by MLC without the need for other additives, such as base. The use of an ancillary thiol ligand that is not fixed to the pincer backbone allows the catalytic system to benefit from a high degree of tunability, easily implemented by varying the added thiol. Importantly, thiols are coordinatively labile enough under typical catalytic conditions to leave a meaningful portion of the catalyst in its original unsaturated form, thereby allowing it to carry out its own characteristic catalytic activity. This generates two coexisting catalyst populations─one that contains a thiol(ate) ligand and another that does not─and this may lead to different catalytic outcomes, namely, enhancement of the original catalytic activity, inhibition of this activity, or the occurrence of diverging reactivities within the same catalytic reaction mixture. These thiol effects have enabled us to achieve a series of unique transformations, such as thiol-accelerated base-free aqueous methanol reforming, controlled stereodivergent semihydrogenation of alkynes using thiol as a reversible catalyst inhibitor, and hydrogenative perdeuteration of C═C bonds without using D2, enabled by a combination of thiol-induced acceleration and inhibition. We have also successfully realized the unprecedented formation of thioesters through dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and thiols, as well as the hydrogenation of organosulfur compounds, wherein the cooperative thiol serves as a reactant or product. In this Account, we present an overview of the TCL concept and its various applications using thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry
and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Montag
- Department of Molecular Chemistry
and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry
and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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2
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Li Y, Zhou M, Park S, Dang L. Comparative DFT Study on Dehydrogenative C(sp)-H Elementation (E = Si, Ge, and Sn) of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Cationic Ruthenium(II) Thiolate Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6228-6238. [PMID: 33852282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a comparative theoretical study of dehydrogenative C(sp)-H functionalizations of a terminal alkyne with group-14-based hydrides (HEEt3; E = Si, Ge, Sn) catalyzed by an Ohki-Tatsumi complex-a cationic Ru(II) complex with a tethered thiolate ligand ([Ru-S] = [(DmpS)Ru(PiPr3)][BAr4F]; Dmp = 2,6-(dimesityl)2C6H3; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3). The calculations indicate that the energy barriers for heterolytic cleavage of the H-EEt3 bonds at the Ru-S sites of the Ohki-Tatsumi complex highly vary depending on the group 14 elements from 3.8 kcal/mol (E = Sn) to 10.5 kcal/mol (E = Ge) and 18.5 kcal/mol (E = Si), where Ru and S elements cooperatively serve as the Lewis acid and base, respectively. Likewise, the transfer of the group 14 cation (Et3E+) to the C-C triple bond to generate the β-element-stabilized vinyl cations-the rate-determining step (RDS) of the overall reaction-is predicted to be susceptible to the element's identity [Ea = 36.8 for Sn < 42.9 and Ge < 50.7 for Si (kcal/mol)]. The key transition states involved in the RDS are compared in terms of energy and structure within each system of the group 14 hydrides. The distortion/interaction-activation strain (DIAS) model analysis of the transition states responsible for dehydrogenative stannylation and hydrostannation of a terminal alkyne sheds light on the origin of the experimentally observed kinetic preference toward dehydrogenative C-H stannylation over hydrostannation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
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3
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Oberling M, Irran E, Ohki Y, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Cationic Ru–Se Complexes for Cooperative Si–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Oberling
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Chen W, Egly J, Poblador-Bahamonde AI, Maisse-Francois A, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Achard T. Synthesis, characterization, catalytic and biological application of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes bearing hemilabile (κ2-C,S)-thioether-functionalised NHC ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3243-3252. [PMID: 32096513 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of cationic Ru(ii)(η6-p-cymene) complexes with thioether-functionalised N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been prepared and fully characterized. Steric and electronic influence of the R thioether substituent on the coordination of the sulfur atom was investigated. The molecular structure of three of them has been determined by means of X-ray diffractrometry and confirmed the bidentate (κ2-C,S) coordination mode of the ligand. Interestingly, only a single diastereomer, as an enantiomeric couple, was observed in the solid state for complexes 1c, 1i and 1j. DFT calculations established a low energy inversion barrier between the two diastereomers through a sulfur pyramidal inversion pathway with R donating group while a dissociative/associative mechanism is more likely with R substituents that contain electron withdrawing group, thus suggesting that the only species observed by the 1H-NMR correspond to an average resonance position of a fluxional mixtures of isomers. All these complexes were found to catalyse the oxydant-free double dehydrogenation of primary amine into nitrile. Ru complex bearing NHC-functionalised S-tBu group was further investigated in a wide range of amines and was found more selective for alkyl amine substrates than for benzylamine derivatives. Finally, preliminary results of the biological effects on various human cancer cells of four selected Ru complexes are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Chen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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5
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Zhou MM, Chen G, Dang L. Enantioselective hydrosilylation of unsaturated carbon-heteroatom bonds (C[double bond, length as m-dash]N, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) catalyzed by [Ru-S] complexes: a theoretical study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9431-9437. [PMID: 35497244 PMCID: PMC9050042 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed theoretical study on the mechanism of enanthioselective hydrosilylation of imines and ketones catalyzed by the ruthenium(ii) thiolate catalyst [Ru–S] ([L*-Ru(SDmp)]+[BAr4F]−) with a chiral monodentate phosphine ligand is carried out in this work. We elucidate all the pathways leading to the main products or by products mediated by the [Ru–S] complex in order to have deep understanding of the chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations show that the reaction mechanism including: (1) Si–H bond cleavage by the dual activity of Ru–S bond; (2) the generation of a sulfur-stabilized silane cation; (3) the electrophilic attack of silane cation to NC/OC; (4) hydrogen transfer from Ru to carbon cation. The hydrosilylation products are found to be the final products rather than the dehydrogenative ones, which is consistent with the experimental results. The dehydrogenative silylation reaction pathways which give N- or O-silylated enamine/enol ether are reversible according to our calculations. The computational results also show that the electrophilic attack of silicon to NC/OC is the rate-determining step and the ee value can be improved significantly with more bulky model phosphine ligand based on the same calculation methods. A detailed theoretical study on the mechanism of enanthioselective hydrosilylation of imines and ketones catalyzed by the ruthenium(ii) thiolate catalyst with a chiral monodentate phosphine ligand is carried out in this work.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
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6
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González-Fernández R, Crochet P, Cadierno V. Half-sandwich ruthenium(ii) complexes with tethered arene-phosphinite ligands: synthesis, structure and application in catalytic cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions of silanes and alcohols. Dalton Trans 2019; 49:210-222. [PMID: 31808486 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of the tethered arene-ruthenium(ii) complexes [RuCl2{η6:κ1(P)-C6H5(CH2)nOPR2}] (R = Ph, n = 1 (9a), 2 (9b), 3 (9c); R = iPr, n = 1 (10a), 2 (10b), 3 (10c)) from the corresponding phosphinite ligands R2PO(CH2)nPh (R = Ph, n = 1 (1a), 2 (1b), 3 (1c); R = iPr, n = 1 (2a), 2 (2b), 3 (2c)) is presented. Thus, in a first step, the treatment at room temperature of tetrahydrofuran solutions of dimers [{RuCl(μ-Cl)(η6-arene)}2] (arene = p-cymene (3), benzene (4)) with 1-2a-c led to the clean formation of the corresponding mononuclear derivatives [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene){R2PO(CH2)nPh}] (5-6a-c) and [RuCl2(η6-benzene){R2PO(CH2)nPh}] (7-8a-c), which were isolated in 66-99% yield. The subsequent heating of 1,2-dichloroethane solutions of these compounds at 120 °C allowed the exchange of the coordinated arene. The substitution process proceeded faster with the benzene derivatives 7-8a-c, from which complexes 9-10a-c were generated in 61-82% yield after 0.5-10 h of heating. The molecular structures of [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene){iPr2PO(CH2)3Ph}] (6c) and [RuCl2{η6:κ1(P)-C6H5(CH2)nOPiPr2}] (n = 1 (10a), 2 (10b), 3 (10c)) were unequivocally confirmed by X-ray diffraction methods. In addition, complexes [RuCl2{η6:κ1(P)-C6H5(CH2)nOPR2}] (9-10a-c) proved to be active catalysts for the dehydrogenative coupling of hydrosilanes and alcohols under mild conditions (r.t.). The best results were obtained with [RuCl2{η6:κ1(P)-C6H5(CH2)3OPiPr2}] (10c), which reached TOF and TON values up to 117 600 h-1 and 57 000, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca González-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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7
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Ng WM, Guo X, Cheung WM, So YM, Chong MC, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Leung WH. 4-Coordinated, 14-electron ruthenium(ii) chalcogenolate complexes: synthesis, electronic structure and reactions with PhICl 2 and organic azides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13315-13325. [PMID: 31429838 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The 4-coordinated RuII chalcogenolate complexes [Ru(STipp)2(PPh3)2] (Tipp = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, 1) and [Ru(SeMes)2(PPh3)2] (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2) have been synthesized, and their reactions with PhICl2 and organic azides have been studied. Complex 2 synthesized from [RuII(PPh3)3Cl2] and NaSeMes displays a seesaw structure with P-Ru-P and Se-Ru-Se bond angles of 103.43(13) and 145.26(6)°, respectively. Natural bond order analyses revealed that in each of 1 and 2, there are two n →σ* (donor-acceptor) π interactions between the chalcogen lone pairs and the Ru-P antibonding molecular orbitals. The calculated second-order perturbation interaction energies of the two interactions for 1 (20.5 and 18.3 kcal mol-1) are stronger than those of 2 (13.6 and 11.0 kcal mol-1), suggesting the thiolate ligand (TippS-) is a stronger π-donor than the selenolate ligand (MesSe-) with respect to RuII. Chlorination of 1 with PhICl2 afforded the dichloride complex [Ru(STipp)2Cl2(PPh3)] (3), which was hydrolyzed to the hydroxo complex [Ru(STipp)2(OH)Cl(PPh3)] (4) after column chromatography on silica in air. Treatment of 4 with HCl and methyl triflate gave 3 and [Ru(STipp)2(OH)(OTf)(PPh3)] (OTf = triflate, 5), respectively. Reactions of 1 and 2 with p-tolyl azide (p-tolN3) afforded the tetrazene complexes [Ru{N4(p-tol)2}(ER)2(PPh3)] (ER = STipp (6), SeMes (7)), whereas that with tosyl azide (TsN3) gave the imido complexes [Ru(κ2-NTs)(STipp)2(PPh3)] (ER = STipp (8), SeMes (10)). The short Ru-Nimido distances in 8 [1.883(3) Å] and 10 [1.892(2) Å] are indicative of multiple bond character. Treatment of 8 with TsN3 afforded the tetrazene complex [Ru(N4Ts2)(STipp)2(PPh3)] (9), but no cycloaddition was found between 10 and TsN3. Nucleophilic attack of the imido ligand in 10 with methyl triflate yielded the amido complex [Ru(κ2-NMeTs)(SeMes)2(PPh3)](OTf) (11). The crystal structures of 2, 4, 6, and 8-11 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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8
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Yamamoto N, Sato Y, Kayaki Y, Ikariya T. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cp*Ir III Complexes with a C–S Chelate Displaying Metal/Sulfur Bifunctionality. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Hazardous Materials Laboratory, Research and Development Division, National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, Jindaiji-higashimachi 4-35-3, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8508, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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9
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Fernández‐Alvarez FJ, Oro LA. Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of CO
2
with Silicon‐Hydrides, State of the Art. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Fernández‐Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)Universidad de Zaragoza Facultad de Ciencias 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)Universidad de Zaragoza Facultad de Ciencias 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Center of Refining & PetrochemicalsKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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10
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Pommerening P, Stahl T, Oestreich M. Direct Acetophenone-Acetophenone Crossed Aldol Reaction and Aldol Self-Reaction Promoted by a Tethered Ru-S Complex. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pommerening
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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11
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. A Neutral RuII
Hydride Complex for the Regio- and Chemoselective Reduction of N
-Silylpyridinium Ions. Chemistry 2018; 24:5613-5622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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12
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. The electrophilic aromatic substitution approach to C–H silylation and C–H borylation. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several approaches toward electrophilic C–H silylation of electron-rich arenes are discussed, comprising transition-metal-catalyzed processes as well as Lewis-acid- and Brønsted-acid-induced protocols. These methods differ in the catalytic generation of the silicon electrophile but share proton removal in form of dihydrogen. With slight modifications, these methods are often also applicable to the related electrophilic C–H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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13
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Forster F, Rendón López VM, Oestreich M. Catalytic Dehydrogenative Stannylation of C(sp)–H Bonds Involving Cooperative Sn–H Bond Activation of Hydrostannanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1259-1262. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Forster
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria M. Rendón López
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Pèrez-Miqueo J, San Nacianceno V, Urquiola FB, Freixa Z. Revisiting the iridacycle-catalyzed hydrosilylation of enolizable imines. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In situ1H NMR spectroscopy reveals a cascade mechanism for the hydrosilylation of enolizable imines catalyzed by iridium(iii) metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pèrez-Miqueo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Virginia San Nacianceno
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - F. Borja Urquiola
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Zoraida Freixa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
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15
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Koch F, Berkefeld A. Reactant or reagent? Oxidation of H2 at electronically distinct nickel-thiolate sites [Ni2(μ-SR)2]+ and [Ni–SR]+. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10561-10568. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical bond between a Lewis-acidic metal and a Brønsted/Lewis-basic sulphur donor provides M–S structures with functional properties that are relevant for a variety of processes such as the heterolytic cleavage of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Koch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Berkefeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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16
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Forster F, Metsänen TT, Irran E, Hrobárik P, Oestreich M. Cooperative Al–H Bond Activation in DIBAL-H: Catalytic Generation of an Alumenium-Ion-Like Lewis Acid for Hydrodefluorinative Friedel–Crafts Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16334-16342. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Forster
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni T. Metsänen
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Yonekura K, Iketani Y, Sekine M, Tani T, Matsui F, Kamakura D, Tsuchimoto T. Zinc-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Indoles. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Iketani
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masaru Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Fumiya Matsui
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Daiki Kamakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
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18
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Park S, Chang S. Katalytische Desaromatisierung von N-Heteroarenen mit Silicium- und Borverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 Südkorea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 Südkorea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 Südkorea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 Südkorea
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19
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Park S, Chang S. Catalytic Dearomatization of N-Heteroarenes with Silicon and Boron Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7720-7738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
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20
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Omann L, Königs CDF, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Cooperative Catalysis at Metal-Sulfur Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1258-1269. [PMID: 28406290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative catalysis has attracted tremendous attention in recent years, emerging as a key strategy for the development of novel atom-economic and environmentally more benign catalytic processes. In particular, Noyori-type complexes with metal-nitrogen bonds have been extensively studied and evolved as privileged catalysts in hydrogenation chemistry. In contrast, catalysts containing metal-sulfur bonds as the reactive site are out of the ordinary, despite their abundance in living systems, where they are assumed to play a key role in biologically relevant processes. For instance, the heterolysis of dihydrogen catalyzed by [NiFe] hydrogenase is likely to proceed through cooperative H-H bond splitting at a polar nickel-sulfur bond. This Account provides an overview of reported metal-sulfur complexes that allow for cooperative E-H bond (E = H, Si, and B) activation and highlights the potential of this motif in catalytic applications. In recent years, our contributions to this research field have led to the development of a broad spectrum of synthetically useful transformations catalyzed by cationic ruthenium(II) thiolate complexes of type [(DmpS)Ru(PR3)]+BArF4- (DmpS = 2,6-dimesitylphenyl thiolate, ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl). The tethered coordination mode of the bulky 2,6-dimesitylphenyl thiolate ligand is crucial, stabilizing the coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium atom and also preventing formation of binuclear sulfur-bridged complexes. The ruthenium-sulfur bond of these complexes combines Lewis acidity at the metal center and Lewis basicity at the adjacent sulfur atom. This structural motif allows for reversible heterolytic splitting of E-H bonds (E = H, Si, and B) across the polar ruthenium-sulfur bond, generating a metal hydride and a sulfur-stabilized E+ cation. Hence, this activation mode provides a new strategy to catalytically generate silicon and boron electrophiles. After transfer of the electrophile to a Lewis-basic substrate, the resulting neutral ruthenium(II) hydride can either act as a hydride donor (reductant) or as a proton acceptor (Brønsted base); the latter scenario is followed by dihydrogen release. On the basis of this concept, the tethered ruthenium(II) thiolate complexes emerged as widely applicable catalysts for various transformations, which can be categorized into (i) dehydrogenative couplings [Si-C(sp2), Si-O, Si-N, and B-C(sp2)], (ii) chemoselective reductions (hydrogenation and hydrosilylation), and (iii) hydrodefluorination reactions. All reactions are promoted by a single catalyst motif through synergistic metal-sulfur interplay. The most prominent examples of these transformations are the first catalytic protocols for the regioselective C-H silylation and borylation of electron-rich heterocycles following a Friedel-Crafts mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. David F. Königs
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Wübbolt S, Maji MS, Irran E, Oestreich M. A Tethered Ru-S Complex with an Axial Chiral Thiolate Ligand for Cooperative Si-H Bond Activation: Application to Enantioselective Imine Reduction. Chemistry 2017; 23:6213-6219. [PMID: 28191742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An axial chiral version of the 2,6-dimesitylphenyl group attached to sulfur is reported. Its multistep preparation starts from (S)-binol, and the thiol group is established by a racemization-free thermal Newman-Kwart rearrangement. The new chiral thiolate ligand decorated with one mesityl group is used in the synthesis of a tethered ruthenium chloride complex. Its spectroscopic characterization revealed solvent-dependent epimerization at the ruthenium center. The major diastereomer is crystallographically characterized. Chloride abstraction with tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF4 ) yields the corresponding coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium complex with the Ru-S bond exposed. Si-H bond activation at this Ru-S bond proceeds in syn fashion but with moderate facial selectivity (d.r.=70:30), generating diastereomeric chiral-at-ruthenium hydrosilane adducts. Their application to catalytic imine hydrosilylation led to promising enantioinduction (40 % ee), thereby providing proof of concept for asymmetric catalysis involving cooperative Si-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Hidden Enantioselective Hydrogenation of N-Silyl Enamines and Silyl Enol Ethers in Net C═N and C═O Hydrosilylations Catalyzed by Ru–S Complexes with One Monodentate Chiral Phosphine Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Omann L, Oestreich M. Catalytic Access to Indole-Fused Benzosiloles by 2-Fold Electrophilic C–H Silylation with Dihydrosilanes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Silicon Electrophiles: Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:52-59. [PMID: 27762042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry. It converts C-H bonds of sufficiently nucleophilic arenes into C-X and C-C bonds using either stoichiometrically added or catalytically generated electrophiles. These reactions proceed through Wheland complexes, cationic intermediates that rearomatize by proton release. Hence, these high-energy intermediates are nothing but protonated arenes and as such strong Brønsted acids. The formation of protons is an issue in those rare cases where the electrophilic aromatic substitution is reversible. This situation arises in the electrophilic silylation of C-H bonds as the energy of the intermediate Wheland complex is lowered by the β-silicon effect. As a consequence, protonation of the silylated arene is facile, and the reverse reaction usually occurs to afford the desilylated arene. Several new approaches to overcome this inherent challenge of C-H silylation by SE Ar were recently disclosed, and this Minireview summarizes this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation Promoted by Tethered Ru−S Complexes: From Cooperative Dihydrogen Activation to Hydride Abstraction/Proton Release from Dihydrogen Surrogates. Chemistry 2016; 22:10009-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Bähr S, Simonneau A, Irran E, Oestreich M. An Air-Stable Dimeric Ru–S Complex with an NHC as Ancillary Ligand for Cooperative Si–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Paul B, Chakrabarti K, Kundu S. Optimum bifunctionality in a 2-(2-pyridyl-2-ol)-1,10-phenanthroline based ruthenium complex for transfer hydrogenation of ketones and nitriles: impact of the number of 2-hydroxypyridine fragments. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11162-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01961g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare example of a highly active bifunctional Ru(ii) catalyst containing only one 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP) unit is presented which exhibited exceptionally high catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation of ketones and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Kaushik Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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29
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Wübbolt S, Oestreich M. Catalytic Electrophilic C-H Silylation of Pyridines Enabled by Temporary Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15876-9. [PMID: 26593854 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A CH silylation of pyridines that seemingly proceeds through electrophilic aromatic substitution (SE Ar) is reported. Reactions of 2- and 3-substituted pyridines with hydrosilanes in the presence of a catalyst that splits the SiH bond into a hydride and a silicon electrophile yield the corresponding 5-silylated pyridines. This formal silylation of an aromatic CH bond is the result of a three-step sequence, consisting of a pyridine hydrosilylation, a dehydrogenative CH silylation of the intermediate enamine, and a 1,4-dihydropyridine retro-hydrosilylation. The key intermediates were detected by (1) H NMR spectroscopy and prepared through the individual steps. This complex interplay of electrophilic silylation, hydride transfer, and proton abstraction is promoted by a single catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Germany) http://www.organometallics.tu-berlin.de
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Germany) http://www.organometallics.tu-berlin.de.
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30
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Wübbolt S, Oestreich M. Katalytische elektrophile C‐H‐Silylierung von Pyridinen ermöglicht durch vorübergehende Aufhebung der Aromatizität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Deutschland) http://www.organometallics.tu‐berlin.de
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Deutschland) http://www.organometallics.tu‐berlin.de
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31
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32
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Khusnutdinova JR, Milstein D. Metal-Ligand Cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12236-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Omann L, Oestreich M. A Catalytic SEAr Approach to Dibenzosiloles Functionalized at Both Benzene Cores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10276-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Omann L, Oestreich M. Ein katalytischer SEAr-Zugang zu Dibenzosilolen mit Funktionalisierung an beiden Benzolkernen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Stahl T, Hrobárik P, Königs CDF, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K, Kemper S, Kaupp M, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Mechanism of the cooperative Si-H bond activation at Ru-S bonds. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4324-4334. [PMID: 29218203 PMCID: PMC5707498 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterolytic splitting of hydrosilanes by ruthenium(ii) thiolates is illuminated by a combined spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational analysis.
The nature of the hydrosilane activation mediated by ruthenium(ii) thiolate complexes of type [(R3P)Ru(SDmp)]+[BArF4]– is elucidated by an in-depth experimental and theoretical study. The combination of various ruthenium(ii) thiolate complexes and tertiary hydrosilanes under variation of the phosphine ligand and the substitution pattern at the silicon atom is investigated, providing detailed insight into the activation mode. The mechanism of action involves reversible heterolytic splitting of the Si–H bond across the polar Ru–S bond without changing the oxidation state of the metal, generating a ruthenium(ii) hydride and sulfur-stabilized silicon cations, i.e. metallasilylsulfonium ions. These stable yet highly reactive adducts, which serve as potent silicon electrophiles in various catalytic transformations, are fully characterized by systematic multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The structural assignment is further verified by successful isolation and crystallographic characterization of these key intermediates. Quantum-chemical analyses of diverse bonding scenarios are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings. Moreover, the calculations reveal that formation of the hydrosilane adducts proceeds via barrierless electrophilic activation of the hydrosilane by sterically controlled η1 (end-on) or η2 (side-on) coordination of the Si–H bond to the Lewis acidic metal center, followed by heterolytic cleavage of the Si–H bond through a concerted four-membered transition state. The Ru–S bond remains virtually intact during the Si–H bond activation event and also preserves appreciable bonding character in the hydrosilane adducts. The overall Si–H bond activation process is exergonic with ΔG0r ranging from –20 to –40 kJ mol–1, proceeding instantly already at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - C David F Königs
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ; .,Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
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36
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Navarro M, Vidal D, Clavero P, Grabulosa A, Muller G. Mild Photochemical Tethering of [RuCl2(η6-arene)P*] Complexes with P-Stereogenic 2-Biphenylylphosphines. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,
1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Vidal
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,
1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Clavero
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,
1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnald Grabulosa
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,
1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Muller
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,
1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Hermeke J, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Direct Catalytic Access to N-Silylated Enamines from Enolizable Imines and Hydrosilanes by Base-Free Dehydrogenative SiN Coupling. Chemistry 2014; 20:9250-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Greb L, Tamke S, Paradies J. Catalytic metal-free Si-N cross-dehydrocoupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2318-20. [PMID: 24445986 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free B(C6F5)3 catalyzed dehydrocoupling of hydrosilanes with anilines, carbazoles and indoles is reported. For anilines and carbazoles the reaction proceeds by the liberation of H2 as the sole Si-N coupling byproduct. Indoles react with diphenyl(methyl) hydrosilane to give N-silyl indolines with high diastereoselectivity (d.r. 10 : 1) in excellent yields. A mechanism for this Si-N coupling/hydrogenation sequence is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Ditri TB, Carpenter AE, Ripatti DS, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Chloro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Flanking-Ring m-Terphenyl Isocyanides: η6-Arene Binding to Zero-Valent Molybdenum Centers and Comparison to Alkyl-Substituted Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13216-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402130p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Treffly B. Ditri
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Alex E. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Donald S. Ripatti
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Arnold. L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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40
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Königs CDF, Müller MF, Aiguabella N, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Catalytic dehydrogenative Si-N coupling of pyrroles, indoles, carbazoles as well as anilines with hydrosilanes without added base. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1506-8. [PMID: 23328998 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A base-free, catalytic protocol for the dehydrogenative Si-N coupling of weakly nucleophilic N-H groups of heteroarenes or aryl-substituted amines with equimolar amounts of hydrosilanes is reported. Cooperative Si-H bond activation at a Ru-S bond generates a silicon electrophile that forms a Si-N bond prior to the N-H deprotonation by an intermediate Ru-H complex, only releasing H(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- C David F Königs
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Königs CDF, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Katalytische 1,4-selektive Hydrosilylierung von Pyridinverbindungen und benzanellierten Verwandten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Königs CDF, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Catalytic 1,4-Selective Hydrosilylation of Pyridines and Benzannulated Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10076-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Stahl T, Müther K, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K, Oestreich M. Catalytic Generation of Borenium Ions by Cooperative B–H Bond Activation: The Elusive Direct Electrophilic Borylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles with Pinacolborane. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10978-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405925w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine Müther
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602,
Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602,
Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602,
Japan
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Hatanaka T, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K. Synthesis of Coordinatively Unsaturated Half-Sandwich Iron-Silyl Complexes with an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand and Their Reactions with H2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Stahl T, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. C(sp3)-F bond activation of CF3-substituted anilines with catalytically generated silicon cations: spectroscopic evidence for a hydride-bridged Ru-S dimer in the catalytic cycle. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1248-51. [PMID: 23311960 DOI: 10.1021/ja311398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterolytic splitting of the Si-H bond mediated by a Ru-S bond forms a sulfur-stabilized silicon cation that is sufficiently electrophilic to abstract fluoride from CF(3) groups attached to selected anilines. The ability of the Ru-H complex, generated in the cooperative activation step, to intramolecularly transfer its hydride to the intermediate carbenium ion (stabilized in the form of a cationic thioether complex) is markedly dependent on the electronic nature of its phosphine ligand. An electron-deficient phosphine thwarts the reduction step but, based on the Ru-S catalyst, half of an equivalent of an added alkoxide not only facilitates but also accelerates the catalysis. The intriguing effect is rationalized by the formation of a hydride-bridged Ru-S dimer that was detected by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. A refined catalytic cycle is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Königs CDF, Klare HFT, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K, Oestreich M. Base-Free Dehydrogenative Coupling of Enolizable Carbonyl Compounds with Silanes. Org Lett 2012; 14:2842-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301089r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. David F. Königs
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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47
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Nomura M, Fujita-Takayama C, Sugiyama T, Kajitani M. Diverse reactivities of aromaticity–unsaturation coexisted metalladithiolene rings. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Maiti BK, Görls H, Klobes O, Imhof W. Photochemical Synthesis of Ruthenium-Carbonyl Compounds with Thioether Ligands and Subsequent Oxidative Cleavage of Trinuclear Complexes by Chlorinated Solvents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Klare HFT, Oestreich M, Ito JI, Nishiyama H, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K. Cooperative Catalytic Activation of Si−H Bonds by a Polar Ru−S Bond: Regioselective Low-Temperature C−H Silylation of Indoles under Neutral Conditions by a Friedel−Crafts Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3312-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja111483r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jun-ichi Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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50
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Nomura M. Organometallic dithiolene complexes of the group 8–10 metals: Reactivities, structures and electrochemical behavior. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2112-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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