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León F, Comas-Vives A, Álvarez E, Pizzano A. A combined experimental and computational study to decipher complexity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines with Ru catalysts bearing atropisomerizable ligands. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RuCl2(P–OP)(N–N) complexes containing an atropisomerizable phosphine–phosphite and a chiral diamine are effective catalyst precursors for the asymmetric hydrogenation of N-aryl imines following an outer-sphere mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix León
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Antonio Pizzano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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Lorraine S, Abdur-Rashid K, Jia W, Abdur-Rashid K, Maragh P, Dasgupta T. Biaryl diphosphine ligands and their ruthenium complexes: Preparation and use for catalytic hydrogenation of ketones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Huo S, Wang Q, Zuo W. An iron variant of the Noyori hydrogenation catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7959-7967. [PMID: 32497166 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a new iron catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. This type of iron catalyst combines the structural characteristics of the Noyori hydrogenation catalyst (an axially chiral 2,2'-bis(phosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl fragment and the metal-ligand bifunctional motif) and an ene(amido) group that can activate the iron center. After activation by 8 equivalents of potassium tert-butoxide, (SA,RP,SS)-7a and (SA,RP,SS)-7b are active but nonenantioselective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes at room temperature in isopropanol. A maximum turnover number of 14480 was observed for (SA,RP,SS)-7a in the reduction of acetophenone. The right combination of the stereochemistry of the axially chiral 2,2'-bis(phosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl group and the carbon-centered chiral amine-imine moiety in (SA,RP,RR)-7b' afforded an enantioselective catalyst for the preparation of chiral alcohols with moderate to good yields and a broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfei Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of materials science and engineering, Donghua University, China.
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Dub PA, Gordon JC. The mechanism of enantioselective ketone reduction with Noyori and Noyori–Ikariya bifunctional catalysts. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6756-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present article describes the current level of understanding of the mechanism of enantioselective hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with pioneering prototypes of bifunctional catalysts, the Noyori and Noyori–Ikariya complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Dub
- Chemistry Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - John C. Gordon
- Chemistry Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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Nakatsuka H, Yamamura T, Shuto Y, Tanaka S, Yoshimura M, Kitamura M. Mechanism of Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by a Combined System of Ru(π-CH2C(CH3)CH2)2(cod) and the Chiral sp(2)N/sp(3)NH Hybrid Linear N4 Ligand Ph-BINAN-H-Py. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8138-49. [PMID: 26046693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a Goodwin-Lions-type chiral N4 ligand, (R)-Ph-BINAN-H-Py ((R)-3,3'-diphenyl-N(2),N(2')-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine; L), with Ru(π-CH2C(CH3)CH2)2(cod) (A) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) catalyzes the hydrogenation of acetophenone (AP) to (R)-1-phenylethanol (PE) with a high enantiomer ratio (er). Almost no Ru complex forms, with A and L remaining intact throughout the reaction while generating PE quantitatively according to [PE] = k(obs)t(2). An infinitesimal amount of reactive and unstable RuH2L (B) with C2-Λ-cis-α stereochemistry is very slowly and irreversibly generated from A by the action of H2 and L, which rapidly catalyzes the hydrogenation of AP via Noyori's donor-acceptor bifunctional mechanism. A CH-π-stabilized Si-face selective transition state, CSi, gives (R)-PE together with an intermediary Ru amide, D, which is inhibited predominantly by formation of the Ru enolate of AP. The rate-determining hydrogenolysis of D completes the cycle. The time-squared term relates both to the preliminary step before the cycle and to the cycle itself, with a highly unusual eight-order difference in the generation and turnover frequency of B. This mechanism is fully supported by a series of experiments including a detailed kinetic study, rate law analysis, simulation of t/[PE] curves with fitting to the experimental observations at the initial reaction stage, X-ray crystallographic analyses of B-related octahedral metal complexes, and Hammett plot analyses of electronically different substrates and ligands in their enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakatsuka
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamura
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shuto
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshimura
- ‡Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Iwasaki, Nisshin 470-0195, Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Böge
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, http://www.chemie.uni‐hamburg.de/ac/heck/profheck.html
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, http://www.chemie.uni‐hamburg.de/ac/heck/profheck.html
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Dub PA, Henson NJ, Martin RL, Gordon JC. Unravelling the mechanism of the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone by [RuX2(diphosphine)(1,2-diamine)] catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3505-21. [PMID: 24524727 DOI: 10.1021/ja411374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone by the chiral complex trans-[RuCl2{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-dpen}] and KO-t-C4H9 in propan-2-ol is revised on the basis of DFT computations carried out in dielectric continuum and the most recent experimental observations. The results of these collective studies suggest that neither a six-membered pericyclic transition state nor any multibond concerted transition states are involved. Instead, a hydride moiety is transferred in an outer-sphere manner to afford an ion-pair, and the corresponding transition state is both enantio- and rate-determining. Heterolytic dihydrogen cleavage proceeds neither by a (two-bond) concerted, four-membered transition state, nor by a (three-bond) concerted, six-membered transition state mediated by a solvent molecule. Instead, cleavage of the H-H bond is achieved via deprotonation of the η(2)-H2 ligand within a cationic Ru complex by the chiral conjugate base of (R)-1-phenylethanol. Thus, protonation of the generated (R)-1-phenylethoxide anion originates from the η(2)-H2 ligand of the cationic Ru complex and not from NH protons of a neutral Ru trans-dihydride complex, as initially suggested within the framework of a metal-ligand bifunctional mechanism. Detailed computational analysis reveals that the 16e(-) Ru amido complex [RuH{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-HN(CHPh)2NH2}] and the 18e(-) Ru alkoxo complex trans-[RuH{OCH(CH3)(R)}{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-dpen}] (R = CH3 or C6H5) are not intermediates within the catalytic cycle, but rather are off-loop species. The accelerative effect of KO-t-C4H9 is explained by the reversible formation of the potassium amidato complexes trans-[RuH2{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-N(K)H(CHPh)2NH2}] or trans-[RuH2{(S)-binap}{(S,S)-N(K)H(CHPh)2NH(K)}]. The three-dimensional (3D) cavity observed within these molecules results in a chiral pocket stabilized via several different noncovalent interactions, including neutral and ionic hydrogen bonding, cation-π interactions, and π-π stacking interactions. Cooperatively, these interactions modify the catalyst structure, in turn lowering the relative activation barrier of hydride transfer by ~1-2 kcal mol(-1) and the following H-H bond cleavage by ~10 kcal mol(-1), respectively. A combined computational study and analysis of recent experimental data of the reaction pool results in new mechanistic insight into the catalytic cycle for hydrogenation of acetophenone by Noyori's catalyst, in the presence or absence of KO-t-C4H9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Dub
- Chemistry Division, MS J582, and ‡Theoretical Division, MS B268, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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He J, Zeng M, Cheng H, Chen Z, Liang F. Synthesis and Structures of Two Dinuclear Transition Metal Complexes and Their Catalytic Applications in Hydrogenation of Ketones. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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John JM, Takebayashi S, Dabral N, Miskolzie M, Bergens SH. Base-Catalyzed Bifunctional Addition to Amides and Imides at Low Temperature. A New Pathway for Carbonyl Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8578-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401294q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. John
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Satoshi Takebayashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Nupur Dabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Miskolzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Steven H. Bergens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Zhao B, Han Z, Ding K. The N-H functional group in organometallic catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4744-88. [PMID: 23471875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The organometallic approach is one of the most active topics in catalysis. The application of NH functionality in organometallic catalysis has become an important and attractive concept in catalyst design. NH moieties in the modifiers of organometallic catalysts have been shown to have various beneficial functions in catalysis by molecular recognition through hydrogen bonding to give catalyst-substrate, ligand-ligand, ligand-catalyst, and catalyst-catalyst interactions. This Review summarizes recent progress in the development of the organometallic catalysts based on the concept of cooperative catalysis by focusing on the NH moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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Feng R, Xiao A, Zhang X, Tang Y, Lei M. Origins of enantioselectivity in asymmetric ketone hydrogenation catalyzed by a RuH2(binap)(cydn) complex: insights from a computational study. Dalton Trans 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noyori R. Facts are the Enemy of Truth-Reflections on Serendipitous Discovery and Unforeseen Developments in Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Noyori R. Fakten sind der Feind der Wahrheit - Betrachtungen über Zufallsentdeckungen und ungeahnte Entwicklungen der asymmetrischen Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Facchetti G, Cesarotti E, Pellizzoni M, Zerla D, Rimoldi I. “In situ” Activation of Racemic RuII Complexes: Separation of trans and cis Species and Their Application in Asymmetric Reduction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Bifunctional Mechanism with Unconventional Intermediates for the Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by an Iridium(III) Complex Containing an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Primary Amine Donor. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300071v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Factors Favoring Efficient Bifunctional Catalysis. Study of a Ruthenium(II) Hydrogenation Catalyst Containing an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Primary Amine Donor. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300108p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3H6, Canada
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Computational Design of Metal-Free Molecules for Activation of Small Molecules, Hydrogenation, and Hydroamination. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 332:231-66. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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O WWN, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Mechanistic Investigation of the Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex Featuring an N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Tethered Primary Amine Donor: Evidence for an Inner Sphere Mechanism. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101152m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wylie W. N. O
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Davenport Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Shi Q, Ding K, Noyori R, Sandoval CA. An Efficient Diphosphine/Hybrid-Amine Combination for Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Phillips S, Fuentes J, Clarke M. On the NH Effect in Ruthenium-Catalysed Hydrogenation of Ketones: Rational Design of Phosphine-Amino-Alcohol Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones. Chemistry 2010; 16:8002-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhao L, Li H, Lu G, Wang ZX. Computational design of metal-free catalysts for catalytic hydrogenation of imines. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4038-47. [DOI: 10.1039/b921941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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