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Xiang Q, Ye L, Ma L, Sun Z. The Olympicenyl Radical and Its Derivatives. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300571. [PMID: 37916655 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The olympicenyl radical (OR) has long been a fascinating spin doublet hydrocarbon radical that evoked theoretical and experimental research interests, but the chemistry of olympicenyl was limited by its inherent instability. Recently, this field was revived by the advent of stable, multi-substituted ORs and the isolation of them in the crystalline phase. In this minireview, we summarize the early studies on the pristine OR, as well as the recent advances on the substituted OR derivatives, heteroatom-containing OR derivatives, and OR-based diradicals and polyradicals. The synthetic chemistry, stabilization strategies, self-association behaviors, reactivities, and applications in the biological field of the abovementioned compounds were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Murata T, Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Ueda A, Nishida S, Kawai J, Fukui K, Sato K, Takui T, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Double‐σ‐Bonded Close‐Shell Dimers and Peroxy‐Linked Open‐Shell Dimer Derived from a
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Symmetric Trioxophenalenyl Neutral Diradical. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201426. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology Yachigusa 1247, Yakusa Toyota Aichi Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama 1–1 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama 1–3 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology Yachigusa 1247, Yakusa Toyota Aichi Japan
| | - Junya Kawai
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama 1–1 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Kozo Fukui
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama 1–1 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science Osaka City University/Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto 3–3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science Osaka City University/Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto 3–3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakasuji
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Machikaneyama 1–1 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology Yachigusa 1247, Yakusa Toyota Aichi Japan
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Xie H, He X, Pu Y, Lv J, Chen M, Zeng K, Yang G. Synthesis of oligomeric phthalonitrile resins containing imide units and study of the methylene-cyano thermal synergistic polymerization effect. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The meta- and para-catenated methylene-containing phthalonitrile oligomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis-(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) with 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) in a N, N-dimethylformamide/ toluene solvent mixture, followed by end-capping agent with 4-nitrophthalonitrile or 4-phenoxyaniline in a two-step, one-pot reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that both PN oligomers exhibited low softening points. The self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the PN oligomers was confirmed by the isothermal rheological measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) data of the pre-curing resins were employed to investigate the chemical structure of the pre-cured resins, suggesting that oligomers generated crosslinking sites, including triazine, isoindoline, and phthalocyanine. The results further confirmed the self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the oligomers. Thermal properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating good thermal properties of the cured resins. The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of PIPN-1-325, PIPN-1-350, PIPN-1-375 were in the range of 285–345°C, the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) was observed at 482°C. The PIPN-2-325, PIPN-2-350, PIPN-2-375 showed Tgs ranging from 293 to 370°C, and T5% of the resins were in the range of 481–501°C. Then the isothermal rheological results of model compound and PN oligomers implied that the curing process of PN oligomers was closely related to the methylene-cyano radical thermal synergistic polymerization (TSP) effect proposed in our previous research, and then a revised curing mechanism (radical TSP mechanism) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Murata T, Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Ueda A, Nishida S, Kawai J, Fukui K, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Design and Synthesis of a C3 Symmetrical Phenalenyl Derivative with Three Oxo Groups by Regioselective Deoxygenation/Oxygenation. Org Lett 2022; 24:1033-1037. [PMID: 35050630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tri-tert-butylated 4,7-dihydroxyphenalenone was designed and synthesized from a corresponding 4,9-dimethoxyphenalenone derivative by regioselective deoxygenation/oxygenation. The 4,7-dihydroxyphenalenone derivative showed a chromic behavior accompanied by protonation and deprotonation, giving monocation and dianion species, respectively, and their C3 symmetric electronic structures were elucidated by experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Junya Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kozo Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakasuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
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An insight on the aromatic changes in closed shell icosagen, tetrel, and pnictogen phenalenyl derivatives. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aromatic changes in isoelectronic derivatives of phenalenyl radicals by central carbon replacement. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ospina F, Hidalgo W, Cano M, Schneider B, Otálvaro F. Synthesis of 8-Phenylphenalenones: 2-Hydroxy-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one from Eichhornia crassipes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1256-62. [PMID: 26741281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one (1), the first reported 8-phenylphenalenone from the roots of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), was synthesized starting from 2-methoxynaphthalene in 11 steps and with an overall yield of 2%. A cascade Friedel-Crafts/Michael annulation reaction between acryloyl chloride and 2-methoxynaphthalene afforded 9-methoxyperinaphthanone that, after transformation to 9-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one by means of standard Suzuki-Miyaura methodology, was subjected to a reductive carbonyl transposition to afford 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)perinaphthanone. Dehydrogenation, epoxidation, and demethylation of the latter afforded 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ospina
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - William Hidalgo
- Max Planck Institute für Chemische Ökologie , Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marisol Cano
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max Planck Institute für Chemische Ökologie , Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felipe Otálvaro
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
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Trujillo C, Sánchez-Sanz G. A Study of π-π Stacking Interactions and Aromaticity in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon/Nucleobase Complexes. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:395-405. [PMID: 26663678 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the interactions and aromaticity electron-density delocalisation observed in π-π complexes between the phenalenyl radical and acenaphthylene, and the DNA and RNA nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil). Interaction energies are obtained at the M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,p) computational level for gas phase and PCM-water conditions. For both the phenalenyl radical and acenaphthylene, the complexes formed with guanine are the most stable ones. Atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital results reveal weak π-π interactions between both interacting moieties, characterized by bond critical points between C⋅⋅⋅C and C⋅⋅⋅N atoms. Nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) indicate the retention of the aromatic character of the monomers in the outer region of the complex. The fluctuation indexes reveal a loss of electron delocalisation upon complexation for all cases except guanine complexes. Nevertheless, the interface region shows large negative NICS values, which is not associated with an increase of the aromaticity or electron-density delocalisation, but with magnetic couplings of both molecules, leading to an unrealistic description of the aromatic behaviour in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Nishida S, Fukui K, Morita Y. Hydrogen-Bonding Effect on Spin-Center Transfer of Tetrathiafulvalene-Linked 6-Oxophenalenoxyl Evaluated Using Temperature-Dependent Cyclic Voltammetry and Theoretical Calculations. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:500-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nishida S, Kawai J, Moriguchi M, Ohba T, Haneda N, Fukui K, Fuyuhiro A, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Control of Exchange Interactions in π Dimers of 6-Oxophenalenoxyl Neutral π Radicals: Spin-Density Distributions and Multicentered-Two-Electron Bonding Governed by Topological Symmetry and Substitution at the 8-Position. Chemistry 2013; 19:11904-15. [PMID: 23922181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tri-tert-butylphenalenyl (TBPLY) radical exists as a π dimer in the crystal form with perfect overlapping of the singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) causing strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-6-oxophenalenoxyl (6OPO) is a phenalenyl-based air-stable neutral π radical with extensive spin delocalization and is a counter analogue of phenalenyl in terms of the topological symmetry of the spin density distribution. X-ray crystal structure analyses showed that 8-tert-butyl- and 8-(p-XC6H4)-6OPOs (X=I, Br) also form π dimers in the crystalline state. The π-dimeric structure of 8-tert-butyl-6OPO is seemingly similar to that of TBPLY even though its SOMO-SOMO overlap is small compared with that of TBPLY. The 8-(p-XC6H4) derivatives form slipped stacking π dimers in which the SOMO-SOMO overlaps are greater than in 8-tert-butyl-6OPO, but still smaller than in TBPLY. The solid-state electronic spectra of the 6OPO derivatives show much weaker intradimer charge-transfer bands, and SQUID measurements for 8-(p-BrC6H4)-6OPO show a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction in the π dimer. These results demonstrate that the control of the spin distribution patterns of the phenalenyl skeleton switches the mode of exchange interaction within the phenalenyl-based π dimer. The formation of the relevant multicenter-two-electron bonds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 6-6850-5395; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan)
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Ueda A, Wasa H, Nishida S, Kanzaki Y, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. A Dicyanomethylene-Substituted Triangulene: Effects of Molecular-Symmetry Reduction and Electron-Accepting Substituents on a Fused Polycyclic Neutral π-Radical System. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2057-63. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ueda A, Suzuki S, Yoshida K, Fukui K, Sato K, Takui T, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Hexamethoxyphenalenyl as a Possible Quantum Spin Simulator: An Electronically Stabilized Neutral π Radical with Novel Quantum Coherence Owing to Extremely High Nuclear Spin Degeneracy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4795-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hexamethoxyphenalenyl as a Possible Quantum Spin Simulator: An Electronically Stabilized Neutral π Radical with Novel Quantum Coherence Owing to Extremely High Nuclear Spin Degeneracy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ueda A, Wasa H, Nishida S, Kanzaki Y, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T, Morita Y. An Extremely Redox-Active Air-Stable Neutral π Radical: Dicyanomethylene-Substituted Triangulene with a Threefold Symmetry. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morita Y, Nishida S, Takui T, Nakasuji K. Air-Stable Open-shell Organic Molecules: Syntheses of Electronic-Spin Delocalized Neutral Radicals and Dynamic Electronic-Spin Physical Properties. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ueda A, Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Fukui K, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Heteroatom functionalization of phenalenyl: synthesis, structures, and properties of hexa-substituted phenalenyliums. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kozo Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakasuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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Kubo T, Katada Y, Shimizu A, Hirao Y, Sato K, Takui T, Uruichi M, Yakushi K, Haddon RC. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of Sterically Unprotected Hydrocarbon Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14240-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2065768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mikio Uruichi
- Institute of Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kyuya Yakushi
- Institute of Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Robert C. Haddon
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Yakiyama Y, Murata T, Ise T, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Solution-Stable Triple Helicates of Quaterimidazole: Three-Dimensional Crystal Structures and Optical Resolution by Chiral-Column HPLC. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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