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Abstract
Metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of alkynes, i.e., the addition of Y–H units (Y = heteroatom or carbon) across the carbon–carbon triple bond, have attracted enormous attention for decades since they allow the straightforward and atom-economic access to a wide variety of functionalized olefins and, in its intramolecular version, to relevant heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Despite conjugated 1,3-diynes being considered key building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry, this particular class of alkynes has been much less employed in hydrofunctionalization reactions when compared to terminal or internal monoynes. The presence of two C≡C bonds in conjugated 1,3-diynes adds to the classical regio- and stereocontrol issues associated with the alkyne hydrofunctionalization processes’ other problems, such as the possibility to undergo 1,2-, 3,4-, or 1,4-monoadditions as well as double addition reactions, thus increasing the number of potential products that can be formed. In this review article, metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of these challenging substrates are comprehensively discussed.
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2
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Abstract
This review highlights the hydroelementation reactions of conjugated and separated diynes, which depending on the process conditions, catalytic system, as well as the type of reagents, leads to the formation of various products: enynes, dienes, allenes, polymers, or cyclic compounds. The presence of two triple bonds in the diyne structure makes these compounds important reagents but selective product formation is often difficult owing to problems associated with maintaining appropriate reaction regio- and stereoselectivity. Herein we review this topic to gain knowledge on the reactivity of diynes and to systematise the range of information relating to their use in hydroelementation reactions. The review is divided according to the addition of the E-H (E = Mg, B, Al, Si, Ge, Sn, N, P, O, S, Se, Te) bond to the triple bond(s) in the diyne, as well as to the type of the reagent used, and the product formed. Not only are the hydroelementation reactions comprehensively discussed, but the synthetic potential of the obtained products is also presented. The majority of published research is included within this review, illustrating the potential as well as limitations of these processes, with the intent to showcase the power of these transformations and the obtained products in synthesis and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan.
| | - Jakub Szyling
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan. .,Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrian Franczyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan.
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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3
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Sharma K. Mechanistic Study on Gold(I)-Catalyzed Unsaturated Spiroketalization Reaction. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220105151953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The mechanism of metal-catalyzed spiroketalization of propargyl acetonide is explored by employing DFT with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method. Acetonide is used as a regioselective regulator in the formation of monounsaturated spiroketal. The energies of transition states, intermediates, reactants and products are calculated to provide new insight into the mechanism of the reaction. The energetic features, validation of the observed trends in regioselectivity are conferred in terms of electronic indices via FMO analysis. The presence of acetonide facilitates a stepwise spiroketalization as it masks the competing nucleophile, and thus hydroxyl group present, exclusively acts as a nucleophile. The vinyl gold intermediate 3 is formed from 2 via activation barrier TS1. This is the first ring formation, which is 6-exo-dig cyclization. The intermediate 3 is converted into allenyl ether 4, which isomerizes to the intermediate oxocarbenium ion 5 via activation barrier TS2. The intermediate 5 cyclizes to 6 via TS3. This is the second ring formation. The intermediate 6 on protodeauration turns into 6,6-monounsaturated spiroketal 7. It is concluded that acetonide as a protecting group serves the purpose, and thus a wide range of spiroketals can be prepared, regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, INDIA
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4
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Nanda SK, Mallik R. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes: An Overview. Chemistry 2021; 27:15571-15604. [PMID: 34343374 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-bearing motifs, mainly the congener heterocycles are ubiquitous due to their presence in various natural products and bioactive scaffolds. Although in literature, several strategies have been developed for their synthesis, hydroalkoxylation of alkynes has come forward as a method of choice and has been used extensively. In particular, hydroalkoxylation of alkynes has gained enormous attention from the synthetic community due to the rapid access to a very useful and reactive synthetic intermediate like 'enol ether'. Furthermore, to manifold the utility of these methods, reports have been developed elaborating the generation of 'enol ether' using hydroalkoxylation and their usage in various reactions in cascade or tandem manner. This review focuses on recent development on the hydroalkoxylation of alkynes for the synthesis of oxygen-containing entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Rosy Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Nanda
- Department of chemistry School of Applied Science Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi Odisha 761211 India
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Asari AH, Floreancig PE. Dictating Thermodynamic Control through Tethering: Applications to Stereoselective Bis-Spiroketal Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6622-6626. [PMID: 31991022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to stereocontrol that invoke thermodynamic control fail when two or more potential products are energetically similar, but rational structural perturbations can be employed to break the energetic degeneracy and provide selective transformations. This manuscript illustrates that tethering is an effective approach for the stereoselective construction of bis-spiroketals with thermodynamically similar stereoisomers, providing a new approach to set remote stereocenters and prepare complex structures that have not previously been accessed stereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin H Asari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Paul E Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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Asari AH, Floreancig PE. Dictating Thermodynamic Control through Tethering: Applications to Stereoselective Bis‐Spiroketal Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin H. Asari
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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Valdez-García RM, Alarcón-Manjarrez C, Galano A, Rodríguez-Molina B, Flores-Álamo M, Iglesias-Arteaga MA. Synthesis of Dimeric Steroid Trioxabispiroacetals Scaffolds by Gold(I)-Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation-Hydration of Diynediols. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. Valdez-García
- Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Carlos Alarcón-Manjarrez
- Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química; División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México México
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química; División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Marcos Flores-Álamo
- Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Martín A. Iglesias-Arteaga
- Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 Ciudad de México México
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9
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Abstract
The mechanism of addition of nucleophiles to the π-acid complexed alkynes has been studied
successfully by the assessment of energy of intermediates and activation parameters. To elucidate
the origin of stereoselectivity and predict the reaction pathways, the geometry optimizations of reactants,
products, intermediates and transition states, were calculated by using density functional theory
(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method. The reaction mechanism of hydration of alkynes in the
catalyzed synthesis of bis-spiroketal by DFT calculations is explored. The pyranyl enol ether was
formed regioselectively by the first ring closure. Further, bis-enol ether was formed by second 6-exodig
addition. Then, dehydration, followed by dehydrative ring closure finally gave bis-spiroketal product.
It is concluded that one of the most feasible reaction pathways comprises pyranyl enol ether and
bis-enol ether formation as intermediates. The final cyclization step of product formation is endothermic.
In terms of stereochemistry, the trans-product is found to be energetically more stable than cisproduct
and hence supports the electivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
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Yasukawa Y, Tsuchikawa H, Todokoro Y, Murata M. Stereoselective Construction of Cisoidal Bisspiroacetal Frameworks through Magnesium Coordination of the Bilateral Acetal Oxygen Atoms. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Yasukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yasuto Todokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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Yoshida M, Saito K, Kato H, Tsukamoto S, Doi T. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siladenoserinol A and its Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5147-5150. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Koya Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hikaru Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; 5-1 Oe-honmachi Kumamoto 862-0973 Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; 5-1 Oe-honmachi Kumamoto 862-0973 Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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Yoshida M, Saito K, Kato H, Tsukamoto S, Doi T. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siladenoserinol A and its Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Koya Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hikaru Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; 5-1 Oe-honmachi Kumamoto 862-0973 Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; 5-1 Oe-honmachi Kumamoto 862-0973 Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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Wagner B, Belger K, Minkler S, Belting V, Krause N. Sustainable gold catalysis: synthesis of new spiroacetals. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVarious [O,O]- and [N,O]-spiroacetals were synthesized by gold-catalyzed spirocyclization of suitable functionalized alkynes. Whereas simple spiroacetals with two heteroatoms were readily obtained by regioselective cyclization of acetylenic diols or aminoalcohols, hitherto unknown spirocyclic isoxazolidines and pyrazolidines bearing three heteroatoms were formed by three-component coupling of alkynols, aldehydes, and protected hydroxylamine or hydrazine derivatives. The sustainability of these spirocyclizations was improved by using recyclable gold catalysts in water or nanomicelles as reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wagner
- 1Organic Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Belger
- 1Organic Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Minkler
- 1Organic Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Volker Belting
- 1Organic Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Norbert Krause
- 1Organic Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Labarre-Lainé J, Periñan I, Desvergnes V, Landais Y. Synthesis of the C10-C24-bis-spiroacetal core of 13-desmethyl spirolide C based on a sila-Stetter-acetalization process. Chemistry 2014; 20:9336-41. [PMID: 24925107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the bis-spiroacetal core of 13-desmethyl spirolide C has been completed based on a sila-Stetter-acetalization process. The acylsilane and enone partners in the Stetter reaction were prepared in 7 and 11 steps, respectively, from (S) and (R)-aspartic acid. The quaternary center at C19 in the enone moiety was controlled by relying on the Seebach's chiral self-reproduction method using an enantiopure (S)-lactic acid based dioxolanone. The final acid-catalyzed spiroacetalization provided the desired spiroacetal as a mixture of diastereoisomers in 13 linear steps. Whatever the conditions used, the non-natural transoid isomer was formed preferentially. However, both cisoid and transoid isomers were isolated pure and their structure assigned unambiguously through NMR spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Labarre-Lainé
- University of Bordeaux, 351, Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 5-40-00-62-86
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Synthesis of 5,6- and 6,6-Spirocyclic Compounds. SYNTHESIS OF SATURATED OXYGENATED HETEROCYCLES I 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41473-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Peng Y, Xu XB, Xiao J, Wang YW. Nickel-mediated stereocontrolled synthesis of spiroketals via tandem cyclization–coupling of β-bromo ketals and aryl iodides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:472-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Labarre-Lainé J, Beniazza R, Desvergnes V, Landais Y. Convergent Access to Bis-spiroacetals through a Sila-Stetter–Ketalization Cascade. Org Lett 2013; 15:4706-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Labarre-Lainé
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255 351, cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Redouane Beniazza
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255 351, cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Desvergnes
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255 351, cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255 351, cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Palmes JA, Paioti PHS, de Souza LP, Aponick A. PdII-Catalyzed Spiroketalization of Ketoallylic Diols. Chemistry 2013; 19:11613-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zeng X. Recent Advances in Catalytic Sequential Reactions Involving Hydroelement Addition to Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6864-900. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400082n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zeng
- Center for
Organic Chemistry, Frontier Institute of
Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
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Das S, Induvadana B, Ramana C. Metal-mediated alkynediol cycloisomerization: first and second generation formal total syntheses of didemniserinolipid B. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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