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Abstract
Surfactants are ubiquitous in cellular membranes, detergents or as emulsification agents. Due to their amphiphilic properties, they cannot only mediate between two domains of very different solvent compatibility like water and organic but also show fascinating self-assembly features resulting in micelles, vesicles, or lyotropic liquid crystals. The current review article highlights some approaches towards the next generation surfactants, for example, those with catalytically active heads. Furthermore, it is shown that amphiphilic properties can be obtained beyond the classical hydrophobic-hydrophilic interplay, for instance with surfactants containing one molecular block with a special shape. Whereas, classical surfactants are static, researchers have become more interested in species that are able to change their properties depending on external triggers. The article discusses examples for surfactants sensitive to chemical (e.g., pH value) or physical triggers (temperature, electric and magnetic fields).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Polarz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Marius Kunkel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Adrian Donner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Moritz Schlötter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
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Design, synthesis, and optical/electronic properties of a series of sphere-rod shape amphiphiles based on the C60-oligofluorene conjugates. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Liang WW, Huang CF, Wu KY, Wu SL, Chang ST, Cheng YJ, Wang CL. Flat-on ambipolar triphenylamine/C 60 nano-stacks formed from the self-organization of a pyramid-sphere-shaped amphiphile. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2768-2774. [PMID: 28660054 PMCID: PMC5477027 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study identified the flat-on dual-channel nano-structure and the ambipolar characteristics of a novel giant pyramid-sphere shape amphiphile.
A giant amphiphile, which is constructed with an amorphous nano-pyramid (triphenylamine, TPA) and a crystalline nano-sphere (C60), was synthesized. Structural characterization indicates that this pyramid-sphere-shaped amphiphile (TPA–C60) forms a solvent-induced ordered phase, in which the two constituent units self-assemble into alternating stacks of two-dimensional (2D) TPA and C60 nano-sheets. Due to the complexity of the molecular structure and the amorphous nature of the nano-pyramid, phase formation was driven by intermolecular C60–C60 interactions and the ordered phase could not be reformed from the TPA–C60 melt. Oriented crystal arrays of TPA–C60, which contain flat-on TPA/C60 nano-stacks, can be obtained via a PDMS-assisted crystallization (PAC) technique. The flat-on dual-channel supramolecular structure of TPA–C60 delivered ambipolar and balanced charge-transport characteristics with an average μe of 2.11 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1 and μh of 3.37 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1. The anisotropic charge-transport ability of the pyramid-sphere-shaped amphiphile was further understood based on the lattice structure and the lattice orientation of TPA–C60 revealed from electron diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Chi-Feng Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - San-Lien Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Shu-Ting Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
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Qi G, Yu Y, He J. Synthesis of a [60]fullerene-end-capped polyacetylene derivative – a “rod-sphere” molecule from a “coil-sphere” precursor. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid material composed of a head-to-head substituted polyacetylene end-capped with [60]fullerene was synthesized through anionic polymerization precursor route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yunhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junpo He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
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Supramolecular Crystals and Crystallization with Nanosized Motifs of Giant Molecules. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION I 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zhang WB, Yu X, Wang CL, Sun HJ, Hsieh IF, Li Y, Dong XH, Yue K, Van Horn R, Cheng SZD. Molecular Nanoparticles Are Unique Elements for Macromolecular Science: From “Nanoatoms” to Giant Molecules. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401724p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xinfei Yu
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Hao-Jan Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - I-Fan Hsieh
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kan Yue
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Ryan Van Horn
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, College
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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