1
|
Cheng L, Tu B, Xiao X, Feringán B, Giménez R, Li X, Fang Q, Sierra T, Li Y, Zeng Q, Wang C. On-Surface Crystallization Behaviors of H-Bond Donor-Acceptor Complexes at Liquid/Solid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8935-8942. [PMID: 31189309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) crystallization behaviors of A-TPC n ( n = 4, 6, 10), T3C4, and hydrogen-bonded complexes T3C4@TPC n ( n = 4, 6, 10) are investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) observations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The STM observations reveal that A-TPC4, A-TPC10, and T3C4 self-organize into dumbbell-shaped structures, well-ordered bright arrays, and zigzag structures, respectively. Interestingly, T3C4@TPC10 fails to form the cage-ball structure, whereas T3C4@TPC4 and T3C4@TPC6 co-assemble into cage-ball structures with the same lattice parameters. The filling rates of the balls of these two kinds of cage-ball structures depend heavily on the deposition sequence. As a result, the filling rates of the cages in T3C4/A-TPC n ( n = 4, 6) with deposition of T3C4 anterior to A-TPC n are higher than those in A-TPC n/T3C4 ( n = 4, 6) with the opposite deposition sequence. Furthermore, lattice defects formed by T3C4 coexist with the cage-ball structures. Moreover, the similar energy per unit area of lattice defects (-0.101 kcal mol-1 Å-2) and the two cage-ball networks (-0.194 and -0.208 kcal mol-1 Å-2, respectively), illustrating the similar stabilities of lattice defects and cage-ball networks, demonstrates the rationality of lattice defects. Combining STM investigations and DFT calculations, this work could provide a useful approach to investigate the 2D crystallization mechanisms of supramolecular liquid crystals on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxiu Cheng
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | | | - Xunwen Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016 , P. R. China
| | - Beatriz Feringán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , P. R. China
| | | | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rżysko W, Nieckarz D, Szabelski P. Modeling of the 2D self-assembly of tripod-shaped functional molecules with patchy interaction centers. ADSORPTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-018-9993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
Di Giovannantonio M, Contini G. Reversibility and intermediate steps as key tools for the growth of extended ordered polymers via on-surface synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:093001. [PMID: 29345628 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa8cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined polymerization is a bottom-up strategy to create one- and two-dimensional covalent organic nanostructures with a π-conjugated backbone, which are suitable to be employed in real-life electronic devices, due to their high mechanical resistance and electronic charge transport efficiency. This strategy makes it possible to change the properties of the final nanostructures by a careful choice of the monomer architecture (i.e. of its constituent atoms and their spatial arrangement). Several chemical reactions have been proven to form low-dimensional polymers on surfaces, exploiting a variety of precursors in combination with metal (e.g. Cu, Ag, Au) and insulating (e.g. NaCl, CaCO3) surfaces. One of the main challenges of such an approach is to obtain nanostructures with long-range order, to boost the conductance performances of these materials. Most of the exploited chemical reactions use irreversible coupling between the monomers and, as a consequence, the resulting structures often suffer from poor order and high defect density. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art surface-confined polymerization reactions, with particular attention paid to reversible coupling pathways and irreversible processes including intermediate states, which are key aspects to control to increase the order of the final nanostructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue JY, Markoulides M, Regan AC, Li SY, Chronakis N, Gourdon A, Chen T, Yan HJ, Wang D. Construction of 2D nanoporous networks by coupling on-surface dynamic imine chemistry and dipole-stabilized self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:428-431. [PMID: 27959371 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double-walled nanoporous networks based on the Schiff base reaction of nonplanar tripodic building blocks and subsequent dipole-directed self-assembly were fabricated on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at the gas-solid interface. This is the first example of nonplanar molecules exploited as precursors for a surface reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Marios Markoulides
- CEMES-CNRS, UP8011, BP 94347, Nanosciences Group, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrew C Regan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Chronakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, UP8011, BP 94347, Nanosciences Group, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mishra SK, Suryaprakash N. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Involving Organic Fluorine: NMR Investigations Corroborated by DFT-Based Theoretical Calculations. Molecules 2017; 22:E423. [PMID: 28272370 PMCID: PMC6155419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined utility of many one and two dimensional NMR methodologies and DFT-based theoretical calculations have been exploited to detect the intramolecular hydrogen bond (HB) in number of different organic fluorine-containing derivatives of molecules, viz. benzanilides, hydrazides, imides, benzamides, and diphenyloxamides. The existence of two and three centered hydrogen bonds has been convincingly established in the investigated molecules. The NMR spectral parameters, viz., coupling mediated through hydrogen bond, one-bond NH scalar couplings, physical parameter dependent variation of chemical shifts of NH protons have paved the way for understanding the presence of hydrogen bond involving organic fluorine in all the investigated molecules. The experimental NMR findings are further corroborated by DFT-based theoretical calculations including NCI, QTAIM, MD simulations and NBO analysis. The monitoring of H/D exchange with NMR spectroscopy established the effect of intramolecular HB and the influence of electronegativity of various substituents on the chemical kinetics in the number of organic building blocks. The utility of DQ-SQ technique in determining the information about HB in various fluorine substituted molecules has been convincingly established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- NMR Research Centre, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - N Suryaprakash
- NMR Research Centre, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu J, Liu W, Geng Y, Deng K, Zhan C, Zeng Q. An STM/STS study of site-selective adsorption of C70 molecules onto arc-shaped BODIPY molecular-networks. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2579-2584. [PMID: 28150825 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a donor-acceptor H-T-BO/C70 system was studied by a STM/STS method on the molecular level. STM results revealed that H-T-BO, a BODIPY-based derivative, can form a semi-closed molecular network at the 1-phenyloctane/HOPG interface. After introducing C70 fullerene molecules into the network, two kinds of self-assembled nanoarrays were observed by STM. Density functional theory has been utilized to reveal the formation mechanism of the molecular nanoarrays. Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) measurements were performed to investigate the electronic properties of H-T-BO/C70 systems. I-V spectra combined with theoretical analyses showed that the introduction of C70 into the H-T-BO system induced a great drop of the band gap, which should be a result of electrons transferring from the donor H-T-BO to the acceptor C70 molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mishra SK, Suryaprakash N. Study of H/D exchange rates to derive the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in halo substituted organic building blocks: An NMR spectroscopic investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
9
|
Liu XH, Guan CZ, Zheng QN, Wang D, Wan LJ. Molecular engineering of Schiff-base linked covalent polymers with diverse topologies by gas-solid interface reaction. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101905. [PMID: 25770494 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and construction of molecular nanostructures with tunable topological structures are great challenges in molecular nanotechnology. Herein, we demonstrate the molecular engineering of Schiff-base bond connected molecular nanostructures. Building module construction has been adopted to modulate the symmetry of resulted one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) polymers. Specifically, we have designed and constructed 1D linear and zigzag polymers, 2D hexagonal and chessboard molecular nanostructures by varying the number of reactive sites and geometry and symmetry of precursors. It is demonstrated that high-quality conjugated polymers can be fabricated by using gas-solid interface reaction. The on-demanding synthesis of polymeric architectures with diverse topologies paves the way to fabricate molecular miniature devices with various desired functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-He Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Zhong Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Na Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang N, Ding X, Kim J, Ihee H, Jiang D. A Photoresponsive Smart Covalent Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8704-7. [PMID: 26095503 PMCID: PMC4531826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ordered π-columnar structures found in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) render them attractive as smart materials. However, external-stimuli-responsive COFs have not been explored. Here we report the design and synthesis of a photoresponsive COF with anthracene units as the photoresponsive π-building blocks. The COF is switchable upon photoirradiation to yield a concavo-convex polygon skeleton through the interlayer [4π+4π] cycloaddition of anthracene units stacked in the π-columns. This cycloaddition reaction is thermally reversible; heating resets the anthracene layers and regenerates the COF. These external-stimuli-induced structural transformations are accompanied by profound changes in properties, including gas adsorption, π-electronic function, and luminescence. The results suggest that COFs are useful for designing smart porous materials with properties that are controllable by external stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787 (Japan)
| | - Xuesong Ding
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787 (Japan)
- Present address: National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, No.11 ZhongGuanCun, BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190 (China)
| | - Jangbae Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787 (Japan).
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Geng Y, Dai H, Chang S, Hu F, Zeng Q, Wang C. Formation of C═C bond via knoevenagel reaction between aromatic aldehyde and barbituric acid at liquid/HOPG and vapor/HOPG interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4659-4666. [PMID: 25664650 DOI: 10.1021/am508068m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling chemical reactions on surface is of great importance to constructing self-assembled covalent nanostructures. Herein, Knoevenagel reaction between aromatic aldehyde compound 2,5-di(5-aldehyde-2-thienyl)-1,4-dioctyloxybenzene (PT2) and barbituric acid (BA) has been successfully performed for the first time at liquid/HOPG interface and vapor/HOPG interface. The resulting surface nanostructures and the formation of C═C bond are recorded through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) spectrometer and UV-vis absorption. The obtained results reveal that Knoevenagel condensation reaction can efficiently occur at both interfaces. This surface reaction would be an important step toward further reaction to produce innovative conjugated nanomaterial on the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|