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Yorimoto S, Tsubouchi A, Mizoguchi H, Oikawa H, Tsunekawa Y, Ichino T, Maeda S, Oguri H. Zn(OTf) 2-mediated annulations of N-propargylated tetrahydrocarbolines: divergent synthesis of four distinct alkaloidal scaffolds. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5686-5698. [PMID: 31293753 PMCID: PMC6568280 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies gained insights into Zn(OTf)2-mediated annulations and allowed programmable synthesis of four distinct alkaloidal scaffolds.
Intramolecular hydroarylations of N-propargylated tetrahydrocarbolines were efficiently mediated using a unique combination of Zn(OTf)2 with t-BuOH under neutral conditions. Use of the artificial force induced reaction method in the global reaction route mapping strategy provided insights into the Zn(OTf)2-mediated hydroarylations and the associated intriguing solvent effects of t-BuOH facilitating a protodezincation process without a Brønsted acid activator. We systematically implemented three distinct hydroarylations as well as an unanticipated α-alkenylation of a carbonyl group to obtain the four alkaloidal scaffolds 2–4, and 18. Zn(OTf)2-mediated annulation of 1c proceeded through kinetic formation of the spiroindole 3c followed by an alkenyl shift and concomitant retro-Mannich-type fragmentation to furnish azepino[4,5-b]indole 2 framework. Substituents on substrate 1 in the vicinity of the reaction sites substantially affected the mode of the divergent annulations. Judicious choices of the substituents, solvent and reaction conditions enabled programmable divergent synthesis of the four distinct skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaiwa Yorimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan .
| | - Akira Tsubouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan .
| | - Haruki Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan .
| | - Yoshiaki Tsunekawa
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan .
| | - Tomoya Ichino
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan .
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan . .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan .
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Petrović VP, Simijonović D, Milovanović VM, Petrović ZD. Acetophenone Mannich bases: study of ionic liquid catalysed synthesis and antioxidative potential of products. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181232. [PMID: 30564412 PMCID: PMC6281942 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-component Mannich reaction of acetophenone or 4-iodoacetophenone with a variety of substituted anilines and benzaldehyde, catalysed with diethanolammonium chloroacetate, was performed under mild conditions. Mannich bases (MBs), of which five are new, were obtained in good to excellent yields. All compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, NMR and IR. In addition, detailed experimental and simulated UV-Vis spectral characterization of these compounds is presented here for the first time. In vitro antioxidative potential of synthetized MBs was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical and density functional theory (DFT) thermodynamical study. It was shown that compounds with anisidine moiety express moderate antioxidative activity. Mechanism of the organocatalysed Mannich reaction was thoroughly inspected by means of DFT. The reaction undergoes the hydrogen bonding-assisted mechanism. Moreover, the proposed rate determining step of the overall reaction is water elimination in the process of iminium ion formation. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report on the influence of this type of catalyst on the formation of iminium ion, as a crucial intermediate for the whole reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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Nandi S, McAnanama-Brereton SR, Waller MP, Anoop A. A tabu-search based strategy for modeling molecular aggregates and binary reactions. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Banerjee S, Yang YF, Jenkins ID, Liang Y, Toutov AA, Liu WB, Schuman DP, Grubbs RH, Stoltz BM, Krenske EH, Houk KN, Zare RN. Ionic and Neutral Mechanisms for C-H Bond Silylation of Aromatic Heterocycles Catalyzed by Potassium tert-Butoxide. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6880-6887. [PMID: 28462580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting C-H bond activation is difficult, although some success has been achieved using precious metal catalysts. Recently, it was reported that C-H bonds in aromatic heterocycles were converted to C-Si bonds by reaction with hydrosilanes under the catalytic action of potassium tert-butoxide alone. The use of Earth-abundant potassium cation as a catalyst for C-H bond functionalization seems to be without precedent, and no mechanism for the process was established. Using ambient ionization mass spectrometry, we are able to identify crucial ionic intermediates present during the C-H silylation reaction. We propose a plausible catalytic cycle, which involves a pentacoordinate silicon intermediate consisting of silane reagent, substrate, and the tert-butoxide catalyst. Heterolysis of the Si-H bond, deprotonation of the heteroarene, addition of the heteroarene carbanion to the silyl ether, and dissociation of tert-butoxide from silicon lead to the silylated heteroarene product. The steps of the silylation mechanism may follow either an ionic route involving K+ and tBuO- ions or a neutral heterolytic route involving the [KOtBu]4 tetramer. Both mechanisms are consistent with the ionic intermediates detected experimentally. We also present reasons why KOtBu is an active catalyst whereas sodium tert-butoxide and lithium tert-butoxide are not, and we explain the relative reactivities of different (hetero)arenes in the silylation reaction. The unique role of KOtBu is traced, in part, to the stabilization of crucial intermediates through cation-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ian D Jenkins
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University , Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Anton A Toutov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David P Schuman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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Yoshimura T, Maeda S, Taketsugu T, Sawamura M, Morokuma K, Mori S. Exploring the full catalytic cycle of rhodium(i)-BINAP-catalysed isomerisation of allylic amines: a graph theory approach for path optimisation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4475-4488. [PMID: 28970877 PMCID: PMC5618337 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of the cationic rhodium(i)–BINAP complex catalysed isomerisation of allylic amines was explored using the artificial force induced reaction method with the global reaction route mapping strategy.
We explored the reaction mechanism of the cationic rhodium(i)–BINAP complex catalysed isomerisation of allylic amines using the artificial force induced reaction method with the global reaction route mapping strategy, which enabled us to search for various reaction paths without assumption of transition states. The entire reaction network was reproduced in the form of a graph, and reasonable paths were selected from the complicated network using Prim’s algorithm. As a result, a new dissociative reaction mechanism was proposed. Our comprehensive reaction path search provided rationales for the E/Z and S/R selectivities of the stereoselective reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yoshimura
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science , Ibaraki University , Mito 310-8512 , Japan .
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan .
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan .
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan .
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry , Kyoto University , 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo , Kyoto 606-8103 , Japan .
| | - Seiji Mori
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science , Ibaraki University , Mito 310-8512 , Japan .
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Maeda S, Harabuchi Y, Takagi M, Taketsugu T, Morokuma K. Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) Method for Exploring Quantum Chemical Potential Energy Surfaces. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2232-2248. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
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Iminoiodane- and Brønsted base-mediated cross dehydrogenative coupling of cyclic ethers with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26205058 PMCID: PMC6332110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot, two-step approach to prepare 2-tetrahydrofuran and -pyran substituted 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by PhI=NTs-mediated amination/Brønsted base-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction of the cyclic ether and 1,3-dicarbonyl derivative under mild conditions is reported. The reaction is compatible with a variety of cyclic ethers and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, affording the corresponding coupled products in moderate to good yields of up to 80% over two steps.
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Chung LW, Sameera WMC, Ramozzi R, Page AJ, Hatanaka M, Petrova GP, Harris TV, Li X, Ke Z, Liu F, Li HB, Ding L, Morokuma K. The ONIOM Method and Its Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5678-796. [PMID: 25853797 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung Wa Chung
- †Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W M C Sameera
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- §Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Galina P Petrova
- ∥Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Boulevard James Bourchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Travis V Harris
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.,⊥Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, United States
| | - Xin Li
- #State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- ∇School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- ○Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- ■School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lina Ding
- ▲School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Uematsu R, Yamamoto E, Maeda S, Ito H, Taketsugu T. Reaction Mechanism of the Anomalous Formal Nucleophilic Borylation of Organic Halides with Silylborane: Combined Theoretical and Experimental Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4090-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Maeda S, Hatanaka M, Uematsu R, Taketsugu T, Morokuma K. Automated Search for Chemical Reaction Pathways by the Artificial Force Induced Reaction Method: Toward Practical Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2014. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.72.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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