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Marrs FW, Davis JV, Burch AC, Brown GW, Lease N, Huestis PL, Cawkwell MJ, Manner VW. Chemical Descriptors for a Large-Scale Study on Drop-Weight Impact Sensitivity of High Explosives. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:753-769. [PMID: 36695777 PMCID: PMC9930127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The drop-weight impact test is an experiment that has been used for nearly 80 years to evaluate handling sensitivity of high explosives. Although the results of this test are known to have large statistical uncertainties, it is one of the most common tests due to its accessibility and modest material requirements. In this paper, we compile a large data set of drop-weight impact sensitivity test results (mainly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory), along with a compendium of molecular and chemical descriptors for the explosives under test. These data consist of over 500 unique explosives, over 1000 repeat tests, and over 100 descriptors, for a total of about 1500 observations. We use random forest methods to estimate a model of explosive handling sensitivity as a function of chemical and molecular properties of the explosives under test. Our model predicts well across a wide range of explosive types, spanning a broad range of explosive performance and sensitivity. We find that properties related to explosive performance, such as heat of explosion, oxygen balance, and functional group, are highly predictive of explosive handling sensitivity. Yet, models that omit many of these properties still perform well. Our results suggest that there is not one or even several factors that explain explosive handling sensitivity, but that there are many complex, interrelated effects at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Marrs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Jack V. Davis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Burch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Brown
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | | | - Marc J. Cawkwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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2
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Yang X, Bian C, Duan H, Wang J. Further study on energetic salts of TNATT anion. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Zeng L, Li J, Qiao C, Jiang Y, Wu J, Li H, Zhang J. Combination multi-nitrogen with high heat of formation: theoretical studies on the performance of bridged 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives. J Mol Model 2021; 28:3. [PMID: 34874491 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of bridged tetrazine derivatives (BDDT) were designed by using different bridges to connect two molecules of 1,2,4, 5-tetrazine oxides and then combining different substituents. At the same time, we used DFT-wB97/6-31 + G** method to regularly predict the HOMO-LUMO, heats of formation (HOF), detonation properties, thermal stability, and thermodynamic property orbitals of BDDT compounds. By studying the comprehensive relationship between different substituents and bridging and performance, it is shown that -N(NO2)2 and -C(NO2)3 are not only excellent groups to improve the heat of formation and detonation properties, but also can cause the compound to have a superior oxygen balance. And that the incorporation of the -N = N- and -NH-N = N- is helpful to enhance their thermal stabilities and HOF. -CH2-CH2- and -CH2-NH- are good for improving the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Performances with positive HOF (1170-1590 kJ mol-1), remarkable density (1.88-1.93 g cm-3), outstanding detonation properties (D = 9.15-9.80 km s-1, P = 38.24-44.40 GPa), and acceptable impact sensitivity lead C5, D8, E5, E7, F5, and F7 to be the potential candidates of HEDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinting Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Li G, Huang H, Yang J, Yan C, Li W, Duan H. Synthesis and properties of three guanidinium salts based on high-oxygen-balanced 1,4-dinitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate anion. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Chen X, Guo Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Ma H. Boosting intermolecular interactions of fused cyclic explosives: the way to thermostable and insensitive energetic materials with high density. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving the packing efficiency of explosives by strong intermolecular interactions can acquire high density while avoiding the expense of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
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Wang S, Li C, Lu T, Wang G, Yin H, Ma Q, Fan G, Chen FX. Fused triazolotriazine bearing a gem-dinitro group: a promising high energy density material. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Improving the density and detonation velocity, and reducing the sensitivity by introducing the fluorodinitromethyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Congcong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Tian Lu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
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Abstract
The evergrowing demand for cleaner, high-performing energetic materials (EMs) has led to a quest for replacement of currently used toxic metal-based traditional energetic compounds such as lead azide and lead styphnate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Herweyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Jaclyn L. Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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Zhang X, Zou F, Yang P, Gao C, Zhang C, Zou M, Cao X, Hu W, Zhou Q. Synthesis and Investigation of 2,4,6‐Trinitropyridin‐3‐ol and its Salts. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Fangfang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical Institution Wuhan Institute of Technology Guanggu 206, Donghu New Technology Development Zone Hubei China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Chang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Mingxin Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Xinhua Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Wenxian Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical Institution Wuhan Institute of Technology Guanggu 206, Donghu New Technology Development Zone Hubei China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
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Koorella R, Nayudu R, Gugulothu R. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel and Promising 1,2,4,4‐Tetranitropyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione for High Energy Materials Application
†. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Koorella
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM) University of Hyderabad Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Hyderabad, Telangana India- 500046
| | - Raatalu Nayudu
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM) University of Hyderabad Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Hyderabad, Telangana India- 500046
| | - Ramkoti Gugulothu
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM) University of Hyderabad Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Hyderabad, Telangana India- 500046
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Burgart YV, Agafonova NA, Shchegolkov EV, Krasnykh OP, Kushch SO, Evstigneeva NP, Gerasimova NA, Maslova VV, Triandafilova GA, Solodnikov SY, Ulitko MV, Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Borisevich SS, Zilberberg NV, Kungurov NV, Saloutin VI, Chupakhin ON. Multiple biological active 4-aminopyrazoles containing trifluoromethyl and their 4-nitroso-precursors: Synthesis and evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112768. [PMID: 32932211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
4-Nitroso-3-trifluoromethyl-5-alkyl[(het)aryl]pyrazoles were synthesized via one-pot nitrosation of 1,3-diketones or their lithium salts followed by treatment of hydrazines. Reduction of nitroso-derivatives made it possible to obtain 4-amino-3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles chlorides. According to computer-aided calculations, all synthesized compounds are expected to have acceptable ADME profile for drug design. Tuberculostatic, antibacterial, antimycotic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the compounds were evaluated in vitro, while their analgesic and anti-inflammatory action was tested in vivo along with acute toxicity studies. N-Unsubstituted 4-nitrosopyrazoles were the most effective tuberculostatics (MIC to 0.36 μg/ml) and antibacterial agents against Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC to 7.8 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus,S. aureus MRSA and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC to 15.6 μg/ml). 4-Nitroso-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole had the pronounced antimycotic action against a wide range of fungi (Trichophytonrubrum, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. interdigitale, Epidermophytonfloccosum, Microsporumcanis with MIC 0.38-12.5 μg/ml). N-Unsubstituted 4-aminopyrazoles shown high radical-scavenging activity in ABTS test, ORAC/AAPH and oxidative erythrocyte hemolysis assays. 1-Methyl-5-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-aminium chloride revealed potential anticancer activity against HeLa cells (SI > 1351). The pronounced analgesic activity was found for 4-nitroso- and 4-aminopyrazoles having phenyl fragment at the position 5 in "hot plate" test. The most of the obtained pyrazoles had a moderate acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, S. Kovalevskoi St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia; Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Natalia A Agafonova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, S. Kovalevskoi St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, S. Kovalevskoi St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia; Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Olga P Krasnykh
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Av., 29, Perm, 614990, Russia
| | - Svetlana O Kushch
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, S. Kovalevskoi St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Natalia P Evstigneeva
- Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, Shcherbakova St., 8, Ekaterinburg, 620076, Russia
| | - Natalia A Gerasimova
- Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, Shcherbakova St., 8, Ekaterinburg, 620076, Russia
| | - Vera V Maslova
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Av., 29, Perm, 614990, Russia
| | - Galina A Triandafilova
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Av., 29, Perm, 614990, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Solodnikov
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Av., 29, Perm, 614990, Russia
| | - Maria V Ulitko
- Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny Proezd 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny Proezd 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sophia S Borisevich
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science, Octyabrya Av., 71, Ufa, 450078, Russia
| | - Natalia V Zilberberg
- Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, Shcherbakova St., 8, Ekaterinburg, 620076, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Kungurov
- Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology, Shcherbakova St., 8, Ekaterinburg, 620076, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, S. Kovalevskoi St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia; Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, S. Kovalevskoi St., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia; Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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11
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Zhang S, Gao Z, Lan D, Jia Q, Liu N, Zhang J, Kou K. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153475. [PMID: 32751631 PMCID: PMC7435826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Zhenguo Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Di Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qian Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Jiaoqiang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Kaichang Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (K.K.)
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Song X, Huang Q, Jin B, Peng R. Preparation of Desensitizing CL‐20/rGO Composites by in‐situ Reduction. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
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Wu J, Xu J, Li W, Li H. Coplanar Fused Heterocycle‐Based Energetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Ting Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010, Sichuan PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010, Sichuan PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of system engineeringChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan PR China
| | - Hong‐Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010, Sichuan PR China
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15
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Zlotin SG, Dalinger IL, Makhova NN, Tartakovsky VA. Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses some promising areas of chemistry of nitro compounds extensively developed in recent years in Russia (particularly at the N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences) and worldwide. The most important results in the synthesis of novel energetic N-, C- and O-nitro compounds are summarized. New environmentally friendly approaches to the preparation of known compounds of this series, used as components of energetic compositions, are considered. Methods for selective transformations of various nitro compounds to valuable products of organic synthesis, primarily biologically active products and their precursors, are systematically analyzed.
The bibliography includes 446 references.
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16
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Luk′yanov OA, Parakhin VV, Shlykova NI, Dmitrienko AO, Melnikova EK, Kon'kova TS, Monogarov KA, Meerov DB. Energetic N-azidomethyl derivatives of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes series: CL-20 analogues having the highest enthalpy. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel energetic components for rocket propellants, based on polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes, have been prepared with high enthalpies of formation that significantly exceed that of CL-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Luk′yanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Parakhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Nina I. Shlykova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Artem O. Dmitrienko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta K. Melnikova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Tatyana S. Kon'kova
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Monogarov
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B. Meerov
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
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17
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Bian C, Feng W, Lei Q, Huang H, Li X, Wang J, Li C, Xiao Z. A facile synthesis of energetic salts based on fully nitroamino-functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:368-374. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Promising high-energy-density materials: energetic salts based on fully nitroamino-functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Bian
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Qunying Lei
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongliang Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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18
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Xia H, Zhang W, Jin Y, Song S, Wang K, Zhang Q. Synthesis of Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Materials by Incorporating the Tetrazole Functionality into a Fused-Ring 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo-[4,3- c]Pyrazole Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45914-45921. [PMID: 31718130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of fused-ring energetic materials, i.e., 3,6-dinitro-1,4-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNTPP, compound 2) and its ionic derivatives (compounds 3-8), were designed and synthesized in this study. The molecular structures of compounds 2, 3, 6, 7·2H2O, and 8 were confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their physicochemical and energetic properties, such as density, thermal stability, heat of formation, sensitivity, and detonation properties (e.g., detonation velocity and detonation pressure), were also evaluated. The results indicate that DNTPP and most of its ionic derivatives are extremely thermally stable and insensitive toward mechanical stimuli. In particular, the thermal decomposition temperature of compound 3 is up to 329 °C, while compounds 7 and 8 are very insensitive (impact sensitivity: >20 J; friction sensitivity: >360 N). Compounds 2, 3, and 6 possess good comprehensive properties, including excellent thermal stability, remarkable low sensitivities, and favorable detonation performance. These features show that DNTPP and its ionic derivatives have considerable promise as thermally stable and insensitive energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xia
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Siwei Song
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
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19
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Zhu W, Ye Z, Dong Z. Nitramino-furazan-functionalized fused high-nitrogen backbones as energetic materials with high detonation performance and good molecular stabilities. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising fused energetic compound is investigated through the cooperation between nitramino-1,2,5-oxadiazole and fused high-nitrogen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangying Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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20
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Wang Q, Shao Y, Lu M. Amino-tetrazole functionalized fused triazolo-triazine and tetrazolo-triazine energetic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6062-6065. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two insensitive energetic compounds using fused triazolo-triazine and tetrazolo-triazine as the framework, one amino and one tetrazole as functional groups, were prepared through a two-step reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yanli Shao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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21
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Zhao BJ, Wang P, Fu W, Li C, Zhou ZM. High Density of a New Fused Heterocycle: 7,8-Dinitro-4-oxo-4,6-dihydropyrazolo[5, 1-d][1, 2,3,5]tetrazine 2-oxide and Its Energetic Salts. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun street Beijing 100081 (P.R. China
| | - Piaopiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun street Beijing 100081 (P.R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun street Beijing 100081 (P.R. China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun street Beijing 100081 (P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun street Beijing 100081 (P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science & Technology; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081((P.R. China)
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22
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Kormanov AV, Lipilin DL, Shkineva TK, Vatsadze IA, Kozeev AM, Dalinger IL. Synthesis and transformations of 3(5)-(3-methylfurazan-4-yl)-4-nitro-1Н-pyrazole-5(3)-carboxylic acid. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Deng M, Qi X, Nie F, Zhang Q. A promising high-energy-density material. Nat Commun 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28769119 PMCID: PMC5541047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy density materials represent a significant class of advanced materials and have been the focus of energetic materials community. The main challenge in this field is to design and synthesize energetic compounds with a highest possible density and a maximum possible chemical stability. Here we show an energetic compound, [2,2'-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)]-5,5'-dinitramide, is synthesized through a two-step reaction from commercially available reagents. It exhibits a surprisingly high density (1.99 g cm-3 at 298 K), poor solubility in water and most organic solvents, decent thermal stability, a positive heat of formation and excellent detonation properties. The solid-state structural features of the synthesized compound are also investigated via X-ray diffraction and several theoretical techniques. The energetic and sensitivity properties of the explosive compound are similar to those of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane (CL-20), and the developed compound shows a great promise for potential applications as a high-energy density material.High energy density materials are of interest, but density is the limiting factor for many organic compounds. Here the authors show the formation of a high density energetic compound from a two-step reaction between commercially available compounds that exhibit good heat thermal stability and detonation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Zhang
- Research Center of Energetic Materials Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mucong Deng
- Research Center of Energetic Materials Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Fude Nie
- Research Center of Energetic Materials Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Research Center of Energetic Materials Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621000, China.
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24
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Huang H, Li Y, Yang J, Pan R, Lin X. Materials with good energetic properties resulting from the smart combination of nitramino and dinitromethyl group with furazan. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nitramino and dinitromethyl group with furazan gave novel energetic materials with good energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Renming Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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25
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Qu Y, Chen Y, Chi Y, Ma Q, Wang J, Huang J, Yang G. Synthesis of 1-Amino-2,4-Dinitroimidazole Optimized by Online Infrared Spectroscopy and its Energetic Properties. Chempluschem 2016; 82:287-294. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Qu
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
| | - Ya Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chi
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
| | - Jinglun Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichun 621900 P. R. China
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26
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Yin P, Zhang J, Mitchell LA, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c
]pyrazole-Based Multipurpose Energetic Materials through Versatile N-Functionalization Strategies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Idaho; Moscow ID 83844-2343 USA
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen); Shenzhen 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Yokohama National University; Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Lauren A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory; 4555 Overlook Avenue Washington D.C. 20375 USA
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27
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Yin P, Zhang J, Mitchell LA, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c
]pyrazole-Based Multipurpose Energetic Materials through Versatile N-Functionalization Strategies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12895-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Idaho; Moscow ID 83844-2343 USA
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen); Shenzhen 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Yokohama National University; Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Lauren A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory; 4555 Overlook Avenue Washington D.C. 20375 USA
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28
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Vydzhak RN, Panchishin SY, Kislyi VV, Brovarets VS. A facile synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216080338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Klapötke TM, Witkowski TG. Covalent and Ionic Insensitive High‐Explosives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany http://www.hedm.cup.uni‐muenchen.de
| | - Tomasz G. Witkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany http://www.hedm.cup.uni‐muenchen.de
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30
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Huang H, Shi Y, Liu Y, Yang J. High-Oxygen-Balance Furazan Anions: A Good Choice for High-Performance Energetic Salts. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1688-96. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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31
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Li Y, Shu Y, Wang B, Zhang S, Zhai L. Synthesis, structure and properties of neutral energetic materials based on N-functionalization of 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neutral energetic derivatives based onN-functionalization of DNPP were synthesized, which can be used as new high energy-density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanjie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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32
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Zhang J, Shreeve JM. 3D Nitrogen-rich metal–organic frameworks: opportunities for safer energetics. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2363-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3D Nitrogen-rich MOFs as newly emerged energetic materials have experienced rapid development in the last few years. This Frontier Article highlights the most up-to-date progress in this field.
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33
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34
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Chand D, He C, Mitchell LA, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Electrophilic iodination: a gateway to high iodine compounds and energetic materials. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13827-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of polyiodopyrazoles and subsequent highly oxygenated nitro compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chand
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
| | - Chunlin He
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
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35
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Tang Y, Zhang J, Mitchell LA, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Taming of 3,4-Di(nitramino)furazan. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15984-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Lauren A. Mitchell
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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36
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Dalinger IL, Vatsadze IA, Shkineva TK, Kormanov AV, Kozeev AM, Averkiev BB, Dalinger AI, Beklemishev MK, Sheremetev AB. Synthesis and investigation of isomeric mono- and dinitro derivatives of 3-methyl-4-(pyrazol-3-yl)furazan. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Zhang J, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Curious cases of 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-based energetic cocrystals with high nitrogen content: an alternative to salt formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7337-40. [PMID: 25820478 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two structurally interesting 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-based energetic cocrystals were prepared and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. As novel energetic materials, these two unusual neutral acid-base complexes possess high nitrogen content, good detonation properties, and improved impact and friction sensitivities which highlight their potential energetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, USA.
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38
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Klapötke TM, Schmid PC, Schnell S, Stierstorfer J. 3,6,7-Triamino-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole: A Non-toxic, High-Performance Energetic Building Block with Excellent Stability. Chemistry 2015; 21:9219-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Vo TT, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Energetic Salts with π-Stacking and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions Lead the Way to Future Energetic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1697-704. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Thao T. Vo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
- Indian
Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division, The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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