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Cai M, Zhang L, Zhang W, Lin Q, Luo S. Enantioselective Transformations by "1 + x" Synergistic Catalysis with Chiral Primary Amines. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1523-1537. [PMID: 38700481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSynergistic catalysis is a powerful tool that involves two or more distinctive catalytic systems to activate reaction partners simultaneously, thereby expanding the reactivity space of individual catalysis. As an established catalytic strategy, organocatalysis has found numerous applications in enantioselective transformations under rather mild conditions. Recently, the introduction of other catalytic systems has significantly expanded the reaction space of typical organocatalysis. In this regard, aminocatalysis is a prototypical example of synergistic catalysis. The combination of aminocatalyst and transition metal could be traced back to the early days of organocatalysis and has now been well explored as an enabling catalytic strategy. Particularly, the acid-base properties of aminocatalysis can be significantly expanded to include usually electrophiles generated in situ via metal-catalyzed cycles. Later on, aminocatalyst has also been exploited in synergistically combining with photochemical and electrochemical processes to facilitate redox transformations. However, synergistically combining one type of aminocatalyst with many different catalytic systems remains a great challenge. One of the most daunting challenges is the compatibility of aminocatalysts in coexistence with other catalytic species. As nucleophilic species, aminocatalysts may also bind with metal, which leads to mutual inhibition or even quenching of the individual catalytic activity. In addition, oxidative stability of aminocatalyst is also a non-neglectable issue, which causes difficulties in exploring oxidative enamine transformations.In 2007, we developed a vicinal diamine type of chiral primary aminocatalysts. This class of primary aminocatalysts was developed and evolved as functional and mechanistic mimics to the natural aldolase and has been widely applied in a number of enamine/iminium ion-based transformations. By following a "1 + x" synergistic strategy, the chiral primary amine catalysts were found to work synergistically or cooperatively with a number of transition metal catalysts, such as Pd, Rh, Ag, Co, and Cu, or other organocatalysts, such as B(C6F5)3, ketone, selenium, and iodide. Photocatalysis and electrochemical processes can also be incorporated to work together with the chiral primary amine catalysts. The 1 + x catalytic strategy enabled us to execute unexploited transformations by fine-tuning the acid-base and redox properties of the enamine intermediates and to achieve effective reaction and stereocontrol beyond the reach individually. During these efforts, an unprecedented excited-state chemistry of enamine was uncovered to make possible an effective deracemization process. In this Account, we describe our recent efforts since 2015 in exploring synergistic chiral primary amine catalysis, and the content is categorized according to the type of synergistic partner such that in each section the developed synergistic catalysis, reaction scopes, and mechanistic features are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Cai
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Bianchi P, Monbaliu JCM. Three decades of unveiling the complex chemistry of C-nitroso species with computational chemistry. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01415c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review revisits the complex reactivity of C-nitroso derivatives through the synergistic combination of computational and synthetic organic chemistry, with an emphasis on the rationalization of mechanisms and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bianchi
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
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3
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Mallik S, Bhajammanavar V, Baidya M. Regioselective Nitrosocarbonyl Aldol Reaction of Deconjugated Butyrolactams: Synthesis of γ‐Heterosubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 6000036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 6000036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 6000036 Tamil Nadu India
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4
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Chen W, Wang Y, Mi X, Luo S. Enantioselective Oxidative Coupling of β-Ketocarbonyls and Anilines by Joint Chiral Primary Amine and Selenium Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:8178-8182. [PMID: 31566981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective primary amine-catalyzed total N-selective nitroso aldol reaction (N-NA) was achieved through the oxidation of primary aromatic amines to the corresponding nitrosoarenes catalyzed by selenium reagents and 30% H2O2. This protocol provides a facile and highly efficient access to α-hydroxyamino carbonyls bearing chiral quaternary centers under exceedingly mild and green reaction conditions with high chemo- and enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Chen
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xinjiekouwai Street 19 , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yanni Wang
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xinjiekouwai Street 19 , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xueling Mi
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xinjiekouwai Street 19 , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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5
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Mallik S, Bhajammanavar V, Mukherjee AP, Baidya M. Catalytic Regiodivergent Dearomatization Reaction of Nitrosocarbonyl Intermediates with β-Naphthols. Org Lett 2019; 21:2352-2355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Arka Probha Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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6
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Wang Y, Zhou H, Yang K, You C, Zhang L, Luo S. Steric Effect of Protonated Tertiary Amine in Primary–Tertiary Diamine Catalysis: A Double-Layered Sterimol Model. Org Lett 2018; 21:407-411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang You
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Zhu L, Wang D, Jia Z, Lin Q, Huang M, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative Enamine Transformations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongbin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mouxin Huang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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8
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You Y, Zhang L, Cui L, Mi X, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction with N-Carbamoyl Imine Surrogates of Formaldehyde and Glyoxylate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13814-13818. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang'en You
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Linfeng Cui
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xueling Mi
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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9
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You Y, Zhang L, Cui L, Mi X, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction with N-Carbamoyl Imine Surrogates of Formaldehyde and Glyoxylate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang'en You
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Linfeng Cui
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xueling Mi
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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10
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Mallik S, Bhajammanavar V, Ramakrishna I, Baidya M. Cross-Aldol Reaction of Activated Carbonyls with Nitrosocarbonyl Intermediates: Stereoselective Synthesis toward α-Hydroxy-β-amino Esters and Amides. Org Lett 2017; 19:3843-3846. [PMID: 28700246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A practical and flexible strategy toward α-hydroxy-β-amino esters and amides, which are important biological motifs, based on an organocatalytic cross-aldol reaction of in situ-generated nitrosocarbonyl intermediates followed by hydrogenation is presented. The protocol features operational simplicity, high yields, a wide substrate scope, and high regio- and diastereoselectivity profiles. The utility of this method was showcased through the synthesis of bestatin analogues and indole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Kroc MA, Patil A, Carlos A, Ballantine J, Aguilar S, Mo DL, Wang HY, Mueller DS, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Synthesis of α-oxygenated ketones and substituted catechols via the rearrangement of N-enoxy- and N-aryloxyphthalimides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Yang Q, Zhang L, Ye C, Luo S, Wu L, Tung C. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines to Ketones by Synergistic Multiple Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3694-3698. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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13
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Yang Q, Zhang L, Ye C, Luo S, Wu L, Tung C. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines to Ketones by Synergistic Multiple Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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14
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Abstract
The nitrosocarbonyls (R-CONO) are highly reactive species and remarkable intermediates toward different synthetic targets. This review will cover a research area whose impact in current organic synthesis is constantly increasing in the chemical community. This review represents the first and comprehensive picture on the generation and trapping of nitrosocarbonyls and is solidly built on more than 380 papers. Six different classes of key starting materials such as hydroxamic acids, N-hydroxy carbamates, N-hydroxyureas, nitrile oxides, and 1,2,4-oxadiazole-4-oxides were highlighted. The content of the review surveys all the methods to generate the nitrosocarbonyls through different approaches (oxidative, thermal, photochemical, catalytic, aerobic, and the less common ones) in the light of efficiency, yields, and mildness. The most successful trapping agents employed to catch these fleeting intermediates are reviewed, exploiting their superior dienophilic, enophilic, and electrophilic power. The work is completed by paragraphs dedicated to the detection of the intermediates, theoretical studies, and insights about the challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misal Giuseppe Memeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Afewerki S, Córdova A. Combinations of Aminocatalysts and Metal Catalysts: A Powerful Cooperative Approach in Selective Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13512-13570. [PMID: 27723291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cooperation and interplay between organic and metal catalyst systems is of utmost importance in nature and chemical synthesis. Here innovative and selective cooperative catalyst systems can be designed by combining two catalysts that complement rather than inhibit one another. This refined strategy can permit chemical transformations unmanageable by either of the catalysts alone. This review summarizes innovations and developments in selective organic synthesis that have used cooperative dual catalysis by combining simple aminocatalysts with metal catalysts. Considerable efforts have been devoted to this fruitful field. This emerging area employs the different activation modes of amine and metal catalysts as a platform to address challenging reactions. Here, aminocatalysis (e.g., enamine activation catalysis, iminium activation catalysis, single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) activation catalysis, and photoredox activation catalysis) is employed to activate unreactive carbonyl substrates. The transition metal catalyst complements by activating a variety of substrates through a range of interactions (e.g., electrophilic π-allyl complex formation, Lewis acid activation, allenylidene complex formation, photoredox activation, C-H activation, etc.), and thereby novel concepts within catalysis are created. The inclusion of heterogeneous catalysis strategies allows for "green" chemistry development, catalyst recyclability, and the more eco-friendly synthesis of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University , SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.,Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University , SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.,Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Govender T, Arvidsson PI, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG, Naicker T. Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Transformations of β-Ketoesters. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9375-437. [PMID: 27463615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The β-ketoester structural motif continues to intrigue chemists with its electrophilic and nucleophilic sites. Proven to be a valuable tool within organic synthesis, natural product, and medicinal chemistry, reports on chiral β-ketoester molecular skeletons display a steady increase. With the reignition of organocatalysis in the past decade, asymmetric methods available for the synthesis of this structural unit has significantly expanded, making it one of the most exploited substrates for organocatalytic transformations. This review provides comprehensive information on the plethora of organocatalysts used in stereoselective organocatalyzed construction of β-ketoester-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Per I Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa.,P. I. Arvidsson, Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform and Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Mechanism and enantioselectivity in α-alkylation of carbonyl compounds via photoredox organocatalysis: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Ramakrishna I, Grandhi GS, Sahoo H, Baidya M. The Mukaiyama aldol reaction of in situ generated nitrosocarbonyl compounds: selective C-N bond formation and N-O bond cleavage in one-pot for α-amination of ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13976-9. [PMID: 26245149 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol for the α-amination of ketones (up to 99% yield) has been developed via the Mukaiyama aldol reaction of in situ generated nitrosocarbonyl compounds. The reaction with silyl enol ethers having a disilane (-SiMe2TMS) backbone proceeded not only with perfect N-selectivity but concomitant N-O bond cleavage was also accomplished. Such a cascade of C-N bond formation and N-O bond cleavage in a single step was heretofore unknown in the field of nitrosocarbonyl chemistry. A very high diastereoselectivity (dr = 19 : 1) was accomplished using (-)-menthol derived chiral nitrosocarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Xu C, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative α-C–H N,O-Ketalization of Ketones by Chiral Primary Amine. Org Lett 2015; 17:4392-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changming Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
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Xie X, Zhang L, He Q, Hou J, Xu C, Zhang N, Luo S, Nie Z. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Autoxidation ofN-Hydroxycarbamates Probed by Mass Spectrometry. Chemistry 2015; 21:14630-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Zhang L, Fu N, Luo S. Pushing the limits of aminocatalysis: enantioselective transformations of α-branched β-ketocarbonyls and vinyl ketones by chiral primary amines. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:986-97. [PMID: 25831453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective α-functionalizations of carbonyl compounds are fundamental transformations for the asymmetric synthesis of organic compounds. One of the more recent developments along this line is in aminocatalysis, which leads to the direct α-functionalization of simple aldehydes and ketones. However, most of the advances have been achieved with linear aldehydes and ketones as substrates. Effective aminocatalysis with α-branched carbonyls, particularly α-branched ketones, has remained elusive. The primary difficulty arises from the space-demanding α-substituent, which impedes iminium/enamine formation. In 2005, synthetic organic chemists revived catalysis using primary amines, which brought new attention to these challenges, because of the conformational flexibility of primary amines. On the basis of early biomimetic studies by Hine, in 2007 we developed the bioinspired chiral primary amine catalysts featuring primary-tertiary diamines. This type of catalyst involves enamine/iminium catalysis, and we could apply this chemistry to all of the major types of ketones and aldehydes. In this Account, we present research from our laboratory that significantly expands aminocatalysis to include α-branched ketones such as β-ketocarbonyls and α-substituted vinyl ketones. Our primary amine catalysis methodology, when used alone or in conjunction with metal catalysts, provides convenient access to both enantiopure α-tertiary and quaternary ketones, structures that are not available via other approaches. Our mechanistic studies showed that acidic additives play the critical role in facilitating catalytic turnover, most likely by shuttling protons during the enamine/iminium tautomerizations. These additives are also critical to induce the desired stereochemistry via ammonium N-H hydrogen bonding. Proton transfer by shuttling is also stereoselective, resulting in enantioselective enamine protonation as observed in the reactions of α-substituted vinyl ketones. In addition, we have carried out density functional theory studies that help to delineate the origins of the stereoselectivity in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition
and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition
and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition
and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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22
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Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. Enamine Activation of β-Ketocarbonyls: New Opportunities in Enantioselective Organocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Wang D, Xu C, Zhang L, Luo S. Asymmetric α-Benzoyloxylation of β-Ketocarbonyls by a Chiral Primary Amine Catalyst. Org Lett 2015; 17:576-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503592n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changming Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
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Xu C, Zhang L, Luo S. Asymmetric enamine catalysis with β-ketoesters by chiral primary amine: divergent stereocontrol modes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11517-26. [PMID: 25370930 DOI: 10.1021/jo502152w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Branched ketones remain a challenging type of substrates in aminocatalysis due to their congested structures as well as the associated difficulties in controlling chemo- and stereoselectivity. In this work, we have explored asymmetric aminocatalysis with α-substituted β-ketoesters. A simple chiral primary amine catalyst was identified to enable unprecedentedly effective catalysis of β-ketoesters in α-hydrazination and Robinson annulation reaction with good yields and high enantioselectivities. Stoichiometric experiments with preformed enamine ester intermediates revealed their enamine-catalytic nature as well as the critical roles of acidic additives in facilitating catalytic turnovers and in tuning the chemo- and stereoselectivity. With the identical catalytic system, the two reactions demonstrated opposite chiral inductions in terms of the absolute configurations of the newly formed stereogenic centers. Investigations into this intriguing issue by DFT have revealed divergent stereocontrol modes. For α-hydrazination, H-bonding-directed facial attack determines the stereoselectivity, whereas a steric model is applied to the Robinson annulation where dual activations of both β-ketoester and vinyl ketone/aldehyde are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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