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Mechrouk V, Leforestier B, Chen W, Poblador-Bahamonde AI, Maisse-Francois A, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Achard T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Sulfoxide-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ruthenium Complexes: An Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2024:e202401390. [PMID: 38862385 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfoxide-functionalized NHC ligand precursors were carried out by direct and mild oxidation from corresponding thioether precursors with high selectivity. Using these salts, a series of cationic [Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene)(NHC-SO)Cl]+ complexes were obtained in excellent yields by the classical Ag2O transmetallation route. NMR analyses suggested a chelate structure for the metal complexes, and X-ray diffractometry studies of complexes 4 b, 4 c, 4dBArF and 4 e unambiguously confirmed the preference for the bidentate (κ2-C,S) coordination mode of the NHC-SO ligands. Interestingly, only one diastereomer, in the form of an enantiomeric pair, was observed both in 1H NMR and in the solid state for the complexes. DFT calculations showed a possible intrinsic energy difference between the two pairs of diastereomer. The calculated energy barriers suggested that inversion of the sulfoxide is only plausible from the higher energy diastereomer together with bulky substituents. Inverting the configuration at the Ru center instead shows a lower and accessible activation barrier to provide the most stable diastereomer through thermodynamic control, consistent with the observation of a single species by 1H NMR as a pair of enantiomers. All these complexes catalyse the β-alkylation of secondary alcohols. Complex 4dPF6 bearing an NHC-functionalised S-Ad group has been further studied with different primary and secondary alcohols as substrates, showing high reactivity and high to moderate β-ol-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mechrouk
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Weighang Chen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Aline Maisse-Francois
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Thierry Achard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- New address: ISM2 (UMR 7313), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 52 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13013, Marseille, France
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Neshat A, Mastrorilli P, Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh A. Recent Advances in Catalysis Involving Bidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Molecules 2021; 27:95. [PMID: 35011327 PMCID: PMC8746573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of persistent carbenes by the isolation of 1,3-di-l-adamantylimidazol-2-ylidene by Arduengo and coworkers, we witnessed a fast growth in the design and applications of this class of ligands and their metal complexes. Modular synthesis and ease of electronic and steric adjustability made this class of sigma donors highly popular among chemists. While the nature of the metal-carbon bond in transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is predominantly considered to be neutral sigma or dative bonds, the strength of the bond is highly dependent on the energy match between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the NHC ligand and that of the metal ion. Because of their versatility, the coordination chemistry of NHC ligands with was explored with almost all transition metal ions. Other than the transition metals, NHCs are also capable of establishing a chemical bond with the main group elements. The advances in the catalytic applications of the NHC ligands linked with a second tether are discussed. For clarity, more frequently targeted catalytic reactions are considered first. Carbon-carbon coupling reactions, transfer hydrogenation of alkenes and carbonyl compounds, ketone hydrosilylation, and chiral catalysis are among highly popular reactions. Areas where the efficacy of the NHC based catalytic systems were explored to a lesser extent include CO2 reduction, C-H borylation, alkyl amination, and hydroamination reactions. Furthermore, the synthesis and applications of transition metal complexes are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Neshat
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ali Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
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Quinlivan PJ, Loo A, Shlian DG, Martinez J, Parkin G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel, Palladium, and Iridium Derived from Nitron: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Aaron Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel G. Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joan Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Popov RA, Mikherdov AS, Novikov AS, Myznikov LV, Boyarskiy VP. Pd II- and Pt II-mediated coupling of aryl isocyanides with N-heterocyclic thiones. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A PdII- and PtII-mediated reaction of aryl isocyanides with N-heterocyclic thiones results in a previously undescribed type of regioselectivity for ambident nucleophile addition to coordinated isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Popov
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Mikherdov
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Leonid V. Myznikov
- Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology
- Moskovsky ave. 26
- St. Petersburg 190013
- Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
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Touj N, Yaşar S, Özdemir N, Hamdi N, Özdemir İ. Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction catalysed by mixed NHC-Pd-PPh 3 complexes under copper free conditions. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hameury S, de Frémont P, Braunstein P. Metal complexes with oxygen-functionalized NHC ligands: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:632-733. [PMID: 28083579 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00499g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ligand design has met with considerable success with both categories of hybrid ligands, which are characterized by chemically different donor groups, and of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Their spectacular development and diversity are attracting worldwide interest and offers almost unlimited diversity and potential in e.g. coordination/organometallic main group and transition metal chemistry, catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science. This review aims at providing a comprehensive update on a specific class of ligands that has enjoyed much attention in the past few years, at the intersection between the two categories mentioned above, that of hybrid NHC ligands in which the functionality associated with the carbene donor is of the oxygen-donor type. For each type of oxygen-donor present in such chelating (Section 1) or bridging (Section 2) hybrid ligands, we will examine the synthesis, structures and reactivity of their metal complexes and their applications, with a special focus on homogeneous catalysis (Section 3). Thus, hydrogenation, C-H bond activation, C-C, C-N, C-O bond formation, hydrolysis of silanes, oligomerization, polymerization, metathesis, hydrosilylation, C-C bond cleavage, acceptorless dehydrogenation, dehalogenation/hydrogen transfer, oxidation and reduction reactions will be successively presented in a tabular manner, to facilitate an overview and a rapid identification of the relevant publications describing which metals associated with a given oxygen functionality are most suitable. The literature coverage includes the year 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hameury
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France. and Universität Freiburg, Makromolekulare Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France. and Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
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Estrada-Ortiz N, Guarra F, de Graaf IAM, Marchetti L, de Jager MH, Groothuis GMM, Gabbiani C, Casini A. Anticancer Gold N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Comparative in vitro and ex vivo Study. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1429-1435. [PMID: 28741878 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of organometallic AuI N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes was synthesized and characterized for anticancer activity in four human cancer cell lines. The compounds' toxicity in healthy tissue was determined using precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a tool to determine the potential selectivity of the gold complexes ex vivo. All evaluated compounds presented cytotoxic activity toward the cancer cells in the nano- or low micromolar range. The mixed AuI NHC complex, (tert-butylethynyl)-1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I), bearing an alkynyl moiety as ancillary ligand, showed high cytotoxicity in cancer cells in vitro, while being barely toxic in healthy rat kidney tissues. The obtained results open new perspectives toward the design of mixed NHC-alkynyl gold complexes for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Inge A M de Graaf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorella Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina H de Jager
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF103AT, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Abstract
It is well-recognized that N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have provided a new dimension to the design of homogeneous catalysts. Part of the success of this type of ligands resides in the limitless access to a variety of topologies with tuned electronic properties, but also in the ability of a family of NHCs that are able to adapt their properties to the specific requirements of individual catalytic transformations. The term "smart" is used here to refer to switchable, multifunctional, adaptable, or tunable ligands and, in general, to all those ligands that are able to modify their steric or electronic properties to fulfill the requirements of a defined catalytic reaction. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively describe all types of smart NHC ligands by focusing attention on the catalytically relevant ligand-based reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials , Universitat Jaume I , Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n , Castellón E-12071 , Spain
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9
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Duarte FJS, Poli G, Calhorda MJ. Mechanistic Study of the Direct Intramolecular Allylic Amination Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium(II). ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe J. S. Duarte
- Centro
de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, DQB, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,
Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Case
229, FR2769 Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Maria José Calhorda
- Centro
de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, DQB, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Sipos G, Drinkel EE, Dorta R. The emergence of sulfoxides as efficient ligands in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3834-60. [PMID: 25954773 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxides are capable of forming stable complexes with transition metals and there have been many comprehensive studies into their binding properties. However, the use of sulfoxides, particularly chiral sulfoxides, as ligands in transition metal catalysis is rather less well developed. This review aims to describe these catalytic studies and covers new developments that are showing very promising results and that have led to a renewed interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellért Sipos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009, Crawley, Australia.
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