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Ajay J, Sulfikarali T, Chakravarthy KA, Reddy VS, Gokulnath S. Hexathianonaphyrin(1.0.0.1.0.0.1.0.0): Synthesis, optical, redox and protonation induced antiaromaticity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple non-rigid precursor termed as a “triheterole” comprising of 2,2[Formula: see text]-bithiophene linked to [Formula: see text]-pyrrole was prepared using a four-step synthetic strategy. This functionalized triheterole was allowed to undergo acid catalyzed condensation in the presence of Lewis acid (BF3 [Formula: see text] Et2O) to produce the [3 + 3 + 3] cyclotrimer 1 as a major product with trace formation of its higher homologues. Electronic absorption spectrum of 1exhibited a characteristic band (520 nm) and broad band in the visible region. Upon protonation, significant bathochromic shift of the band (608 nm) and the broad band towards near-IR region (ca.1250 nm) indicates its antiaromatic (4[Formula: see text] conjugated circuit. Detailed structural analyses using temperature-dependent 1D and 2D NMR along with DFT level theoretical investigations indicate that the molecule exhibits weak antiaromaticity due to its large fluxional nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Ajay
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Thondikkal Sulfikarali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
| | | | | | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
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Kim J, Kim G, Kim D. The relationship between photophysical properties and aromaticity/antiaromaticity of various expanded porphyrins — a Hans Fischer Career Award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding aromaticity is crucial for predicting the molecular properties and reactivity of cyclic [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems. In this review, representative reports on the evaluation of aromaticity via spectroscopic methods in various expanded porphyrin systems are presented. The relationship between the photophysical properties and distinct aromatic characteristics in Hückel aromatic compounds was revealed through notable spectroscopic features exhibited by aromatic expanded porphyrins. Furthermore, modulating the molecular conformation and chemical environment enabled us to distinguish unique Möbius aromatic molecules successfully. These findings provide insight into the elemental molecular properties and aromaticity in expanded porphyrin systems and their potential real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Linear Trinuclear CuII and NiII Complexes of Porphyrin Analogues Embedded with Binaphthol Units. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A porphyrin analogue embedded with (S)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol units was synthesized without reducing optical purity of the original binaphthol unit. This new macrocyclic ligand provides the hexaanionic N4O4 coordination environment that enables a linear array of three metal ions. That is, it provides the square planar O4 donor set for the central metal site and the distorted square planar N2O2 donor set for the terminal metal sites. In fact, a CuII3 complex with a Cu(1)–Cu(2) distance of 2.910 Å, a Cu(1)–Cu(2)–Cu(1′) angle of 174.7°, and a very planar Cu2O2 diamond core was obtained. The variable-temperature 1H-NMR study of the CuII3 complex showed increasing paramagnetic shifts for the naphthyl protons as temperature increased, which suggests strong antiferromagnetic coupling of CuII ions. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility indicated antiferromagnetic coupling both for the CuII3 complex (J = −434 cm−1) and for the NiII3 complex (J = −49 cm−1). The linear (L)M(µ-OR)2M(µ-OR)2M(L) core in a rigid macrocycle cavity made of aromatic components provides robust metal complexes that undergo reversible ligation at the apical sites of the central metal.
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Izawa M, Suito T, Ishida SI, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Mori T, Osuka A. Figure-eight Octaphyrin Bis-Ge(IV) Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Aromaticity, and Chiroptical Properties. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1440-1448. [PMID: 32119191 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly twisted structures of expanded porphyrin provide a prominent basis to unravel the relationship between aromaticity and chirality. Here we report the synthesis of bis-Ge(IV) complexes of [38]octaphyrin that display rigid figure-eight structures. Two bis-Ge(IV) [38]octaphyrin isomers with respect to the stereochemistry of the axial hydroxy groups on the germanium ions were obtained and found to be aromatic. Upon oxidation with MnO2 , these [38]octaphyrin complexes were converted to a single syn-type isomer of [36]octaphyrin with retained figure-eight conformation. The enantiomers have been successfully separated by HPLC equipped with a chiral stationary phase. While aromatic [38]octaphyrin Ge(IV) complexes showed quite large molar circular dichroism of up to Δϵ=1500 M-1 cm-1 with a dissymmetry factor gabs of 0.035, weakly antiaromatic [36]octaphyrin Ge(IV) complexes underscored moderate values; Δϵ=540 M-1 cm-1 with gabs of 0.023. Thus, the figure-eight octaphyrin scaffold has been proved to be an attractive platform for novel chiroptical materials with tunable aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondo Izawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taisuke Suito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Stawski W, Kijewska M, Pawlicki M. Multi‐Cation Coordination in Porphyrinoids. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:8-20. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Stawski
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Monika Kijewska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
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Soya T, Osuka A. Internally Bridged Hückel Aromatic [46]Decaphyrins: (Doubly‐Twisted‐Annuleno)Doubly‐Twisted‐Annulene Variants. Chemistry 2019; 25:5173-5176. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Soya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Ghosh A, Srinivasan A, Suresh CH, Chandrashekar TK. [40]π Fused and Nonfused Core-Modified Nonaphyrins: Syntheses and Structural Diversity. Chemistry 2016; 22:11152-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar -; 751005 Odisha India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar -; 751005 Odisha India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum -; 695019 Kerala India
| | - Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar -; 751005 Odisha India
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12
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Setsune JI, Toda M, Yoshida T, Imamura K, Watanabe K. The Synthesis and Dynamic Structures of Multinuclear Complexes of Large Porphyrinoids Expanded by Phenylene and Thienylene Spacers. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Ishida SI, Osuka A. meso-Aryl [28]Hexaphyrin Silicon Complexes Bearing VariousSi-Substituents and 1,16-Dihydrohexaphyrin bis-Chlorosilicon Complex. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2200-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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