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Matsubara R, Kuang H, Yabuta T, Xie W, Hayashi M, Sakuda E. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of 9-naphthyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole derivatives and their application as photosensitizers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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2
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Weinhold TD, Reece NA, Ribeiro K, Lopez Ocasio M, Watson N, Hanson K, Longstreet AR. Assessing Carbazole Derivatives as Single-Electron Photoreductants. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16928-16936. [PMID: 36472491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The electron-donating capabilities of carbazoles have stimulated interest in their use as photoinduced single-electron reductants. Due to the modularity of the carbazole, a further broadening and understanding of their reactivity could be achieved by manipulating the structure. Herein, eight carbazole derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and assessed as single-electron photoreductants in the hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides and the arylation of N-methylpyrrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Weinhold
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Natalie A Reece
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Kevin Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Maredh Lopez Ocasio
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Noelle Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ashley R Longstreet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
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3
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Yao W, Wang H, Zeng J, Wan Q. Practical synthesis of 2-deoxy sugars via metal free deiodination reactions. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2015365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Singh N, Noh GH, Park HR, Lee J. Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface and photo-physical analysis of 2-nitro-3-phenyl-9 H-carbazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:887-890. [PMID: 34584755 PMCID: PMC8423020 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021007726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C18H12N2O2, was synthesized from a di-nitro-biphenyl-benzene derivative using a novel modification of the Cadogan reaction. The reaction has several possible ring-closed products and the title compound was separated as the major product. The X-ray crystallographic study revealed that the carbazole compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P space group and possesses a single closed Cadogan ring. There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Yabuta T, Hayashi M, Matsubara R. Photocatalytic Reductive C-O Bond Cleavage of Alkyl Aryl Ethers by Using Carbazole Catalysts with Cesium Carbonate. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2545-2555. [PMID: 33439026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methods to activate the relatively stable ether C-O bonds and convert them to other functional groups are desirable. One-electron reduction of ethers is a potentially promising route to cleave the C-O bond. However, owing to the highly negative redox potential of alkyl aryl ethers (Ered < -2.6 V vs SCE), this mode of ether C-O bond activation is challenging. Herein, we report the visible-light-induced photocatalytic cleavage of the alkyl aryl ether C-O bond using a carbazole-based organic photocatalyst (PC). Both benzylic and non-benzylic aryl ethers underwent C-O bond cleavage to form the corresponding phenol products. Addition of Cs2CO3 was beneficial, especially in reactions using a N-H carbazole PC. The reaction was proposed to occur via single-electron transfer (SET) from the excited-state carbazole to the substrate ether. Interaction of the N-H carbazole PC with Cs2CO3 via hydrogen bonding exists, which enables a deprotonation-assisted electron-transfer mechanism to operate. In addition, the Lewis acidic Cs cation interacts with the substrate alkyl aryl ether to activate it as an electron acceptor. The high reducing ability of the carbazole combined with the beneficial effects of Cs2CO3 made this otherwise formidable SET event possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Yabuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Crespi S, Fagnoni M. Generation of Alkyl Radicals: From the Tyranny of Tin to the Photon Democracy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9790-9833. [PMID: 32786419 PMCID: PMC8009483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl radicals are key intermediates in organic synthesis. Their classic generation from alkyl halides has a severe drawback due to the employment of toxic tin hydrides to the point that "flight from the tyranny of tin" in radical processes was considered for a long time an unavoidable issue. This review summarizes the main alternative approaches for the generation of unstabilized alkyl radicals, using photons as traceless promoters. The recent development in photochemical and photocatalyzed processes enabled the discovery of a plethora of new alkyl radical precursors, opening the world of radical chemistry to a broader community, thus allowing a new era of photon democracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Center for Systems
Chemistry University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, V. Le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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7
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Hasegawa E, Tanaka T, Izumiya N, Kiuchi T, Ooe Y, Iwamoto H, Takizawa SY, Murata S. Protocol for Visible-Light-Promoted Desulfonylation Reactions Utilizing Catalytic Benzimidazolium Aryloxide Betaines and Stoichiometric Hydride Donor Reagents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4344-4353. [PMID: 32073264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented photocatalytic system consisting of benzimidazolium aryloxide betaines (BI+-ArO-) and stoichiometric hydride reducing reagents was developed for carrying out desulfonylation reactions of N-sulfonyl-indoles, -amides, and -amines, and α-sulfonyl ketones. Measurements of absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to gain mechanistic information. In the catalytic system, visible-light-activated benzimidazoline aryloxides (BIH-ArO-), generated in situ by hydride reduction of the corresponding betaines BI+-ArO-, donate both an electron and a hydrogen atom to the substrates. A modified protocol was also developed so that a catalytic quantity of more easily prepared hydroxyaryl benzimidazolines (BIH-ArOH) is used along with a stoichiometric hydride donor to promote the photochemical desulfonylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norihiro Izumiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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8
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Hou M, Lin L, Chai X, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Enantioselective photoredox dehalogenative protonation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6629-6634. [PMID: 31367315 PMCID: PMC6625487 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an enantioselective photoredox dehalogenative protonation as a new type of asymmetric protonation. As a paradigm, with a cooperative catalytic system consisting of a chiral H-bonding catalyst and a dicyanopyrazine-derived chromophore (DPZ) photosensitizer that is irradiated with visible light, a range of cyclic and acyclic ketones with labile chiral secondary C-F, C-Cl and C-Br bonds at the α-position were obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) by using a secondary amine as the terminal reductant. Given the ready accessibility of halides, the success of this work should provide inspiration for constructing diverse chiral α-tertiary carbonyls and their variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Hou
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Lu Lin
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Xiangpei Chai
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan University , Jinming Campus , Kaifeng , Henan 475004 , China . ;
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
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Noto N, Koike T, Akita M. Visible-Light-Triggered Monofluoromethylation of Alkenes by Strongly Reducing 1,4-Bis(diphenylamino)naphthalene Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Matsubara R, Idros UM, Yabuta T, Ma H, Hayashi M, Eda K. Photoinduced Nitrile Formation from
O
‐(Arylcarbonyl) oxime: Usage as a Photoremovable Protecting Group. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe University 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ubaidah Md Idros
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe University 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yabuta
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe University 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Huiying Ma
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe University 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe University 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kazuo Eda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe University 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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11
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Noto N, Tanaka Y, Koike T, Akita M. Strongly Reducing (Diarylamino)anthracene Catalyst for Metal-Free Visible-Light Photocatalytic Fluoroalkylation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Matsubara R, Yabuta T, Md Idros U, Hayashi M, Ema F, Kobori Y, Sakata K. UVA- and Visible-Light-Mediated Generation of Carbon Radicals from Organochlorides Using Nonmetal Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9381-9390. [PMID: 30005575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon radicals are reactive species useful in various organic transformations. The C-X bond cleavage of organohalides by photoirradiation is a common method to generate carbon radicals in a controlled fashion. The use of organochloride substrates is still a formidable challenge due to the low reduction potential and the high dissociation energy of the C-Cl bond. In this report, we address these issues by using a nonmetal organic molecule with a relatively simple structure as a photocatalyst. In this catalyst (bis(dimethylamino)carbazole), the amino groups increase both the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, especially in the former. As a result, compared to the parent molecule, the new catalyst shows experimentally red-shifted absorption in the visible region and forms an excited state with better reducing capability. This photocatalyst was used in the reduction of unactivated aryl chlorides and alkyl chlorides in the presence of hydrogen atom donor at room temperature. The catalytic system can also be applied to the coupling of aryl chlorides with electron-rich arene and heteroarenes to affect the C-C bond-forming reactions. Our mechanistic study results support the assumption that carbon radicals are formed from the organochlorides via a single-electron-transfer step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yabuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Ubaidah Md Idros
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ema
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Toho University , Miyama, Funabashi , Chiba 274-8510 , Japan
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Hasegawa E, Izumiya N, Miura T, Ikoma T, Iwamoto H, Takizawa SY, Murata S. Benzimidazolium Naphthoxide Betaine Is a Visible Light Promoted Organic Photoredox Catalyst. J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29537851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazolium naphthoxide (-ONap-BI+) was first synthesized and utilized as an unprecedented betaine photoredox catalyst. Photoexcited state of -ONap-BI+ generated by visible light irradiation catalyzes the reductive deiodination as well as desulfonylation reactions in which 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylbenzimidazoline (Ph-BIH) cooperates with as an electron and hydrogen atom donor. Significant solvent effects on the reaction progress were discovered, and specific solvation toward imidazolium and naphthoxide moieties of -ONap-BI+ was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Norihiro Izumiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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Seki T, Kobayashi K, Mashimo T, Ito H. A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11136-11139. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06490c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The epistatic double hydrogen bonds that arise from the presence of a pendant carboxy group in a gold isocyanide complex result in strong aurophilic interactions in a magenta-emitting polymorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Seki
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Koh Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Takaki Mashimo
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry & Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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