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Jin K, Yue B, Yan L, Qiao R, Zhao H, Zhang J. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(5'-hexyloxy-1',4-biphenyl)-b-poly(2',4'-bispropoxysulfonate-1',4-biphenyl) with High Ion Exchange Capacity for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200109. [PMID: 35313090 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is pivotal for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the present work, a block copolymer with hydrophilic alkyl sulfonated side groups and hydrophobic flexible alkyl ether side groups, poly(5'-hexyloxy-1',4-biphenyl)-b-poly(2',4'-bispropoxysulfonate-1',4-biphenyl) (HBP-b-xBPSBP), is designed and synthesized by copolymerization of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligomers. The oligomers are synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 1,3-dibromo-5-hexyloxybenzene, and 3,3'-[(4,6-dibromo-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy)]bis(propane-1-sulfonate) or 1,4-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene. The good solubility and film-forming characteristics are achieved via the introduction of flexible hexyloxy side groups, and high ion exchange capacity (IEC) is achieved via the introduction of high density of alkyl sulfonated side groups. The HBP-b-0.5BPSBP has the highest IEC of 3.17 mmol/g, the highest proton conductivity of 43.5 mS/cm at 95 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) and low methanol permeability of 6.45×10-7 cm2 /s. Meanwhile, crosslinked HBP-b-xBPSBP exhibits promising water uptake, swelling ratio and low methanol permeability. These characteristics are attributed to the crosslinked structure and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nanophase separation morphology promoted by the poly(m-phenylene) main chains, flexible alkyl ether groups, and alkyl sulfonated side groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liuming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Risa Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Kabtamu DM, Wu YN, Li F. Hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks: synthesis strategies, structure(s), and emerging applications in decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122765. [PMID: 32438242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high porosity have received much attention as promising materials for many applications owing to their unique properties. However, to date, most of the reported MOFs have microporous structures, which slow down diffusion/mass transfer and limit the accessibility of bulky molecules to its internal surface. Thus, it is crucial to develop an efficient way to create larger pores (mesoporous and/or macroporous) into microporous MOFs to form hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks (HP-MOFs), which facilitate the diffusion and mass transfer of guest molecules. HP-MOFs are excellent and promising candidates for environmental applications under the background of environmental contaminations. In this review paper, we are primarily focusing on the latest progress in the preparation of HP-MOFs by employing template-assisted and template-free synthetic approaches for environmental cleaning applications. Particularly, the adsorptive purification of the most common toxic substances, including gases, dyes, heavy metal ions, and antibiotics from the environment using HP-MOFs as adsorbents is briefly discussed. The overall results clearly showed that the superiority of HP-MOFs compared with conventional microporous MOFs. Finally, we summarize the remaining challenges and provide personal perspectives on possible future development of HP-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manaye Kabtamu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Po. Box: 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Yi-Nan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Fengting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Subramanian A, Doerk G, Kisslinger K, Yi DH, Grubbs RB, Nam CY. Three-dimensional electroactive ZnO nanomesh directly derived from hierarchically self-assembled block copolymer thin films. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9533-9546. [PMID: 31049522 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures can offer enhanced material properties, such as large surface areas that amplify the structures' interaction with environments making them useful for various sensing applications. Self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) can readily generate various 3D nanomorphologies, but their conversion to useful inorganic materials remains one of the critical challenges against the practical application of self-assembled BCPs. This work reports the vapor-phase infiltration synthesis of optoelectrically active, 3D ZnO nanomesh architectures by combining hierarchical successive stacking of self-assembled, lamellar-phase polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) BCP thin films and a modified block-selective vapor-phase material infiltration protocol. The 3D ZnO nanomesh exhibits optoelectrical functionality, featuring stack-layer-number-dependent electrical conductance resembling the percolative transport originating from the intrinsic morphological network connectivity of the lamellar BCP pattern with symmetric block ratio. The results not only illustrate the first demonstration of electrical functionality based on the ZnO nanoarchitecture directly generated by the infiltration synthesis in self-assembled BCP thin films but also present a new, large-area scalable, metal oxide thin film nanoarchitecture fabrication method utilizing industry-compatible polymer solution coating and atomic layer deposition. Given the large surface area, three-dimensional porosity, and readily scalable fabrication procedures, the generated ZnO nanomesh promises potential applications as an efficient active medium in chemical and optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Zhou M, Luo P, Li A, Wu YN, Khan MI, Lyu J, Li F, Li G. Fabrication of Silica Membrane through Surface-Induced Condensation on Porous Block Copolymer. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region; Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Chang'an University; 710054 Xi'an China
| | - Pingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region; Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Chang'an University; 710054 Xi'an China
| | - Aowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region; Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Chang'an University; 710054 Xi'an China
| | - Yi-nan Wu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering; Tongji University,1239; Siping Road, Shanghai 200092 (China)
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Hail; 2440 Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiqiang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region; Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Chang'an University; 710054 Xi'an China
| | - Fengting Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering; Tongji University,1239; Siping Road, Shanghai 200092 (China)
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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