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Giri M, Dash Y, Guchhait T. Does Larger Cavity-Size Really Help Bigger Anions to Bind? A Scrutiny on Core-Expanded Calix[4]pyrroles and Their Properties. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300427. [PMID: 37830245 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Calix[4]pyrroles are an important class of oligopyrrolic macrocycles and have found applications in many diverse fields including anion recognition. To modulate the properties of the calix[4]pyrrole, several structural modifications are realized. The core-expansion has attracted extra attention as it provides larger cavity-size compared to parent calix[4]pyrrole(s). This review highlights the synthetic development of various core-expanded calix[4]pyrroles and their applications in anion-binding properties. Emphasis is given to the changes in the binding properties observed with expanded versions of calix[4]pyrrole(s) in both solution and the solid states. The expanded versions of calix[4]pyrrole do not always show higher binding affinities for larger anions as anticipated. Rather, they display reduced affinities with the anions. The truncated form or asymmetric nature of the expanded versions of calix[4]pyrrole does not probably allow to access all the available binding sites for the anions and hence reduced binding affinities are observed. The receptors which contain a greater number of binding sites and are somehow rigid or preorganized apparently show enhanced binding affinities for anions. The relative binding constants for halide series indicate that the enlarged molecules are more beneficial for largest iodide among others. However, most of the receptors show selectivity towards smallest fluoride over other anions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Giri
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
| | - Yashaswini Dash
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
| | - Tapas Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
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Pamuła M, Bulatov E, Martínez-Crespo L, Kiesilä A, Naulapää J, Kalenius E, Helttunen K. Anion binding and transport with meso-alkyl substituted two-armed calix[4]pyrroles bearing urea and hydroxyl groups. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6595-6603. [PMID: 37530577 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Calix[4]pyrroles bearing hydroxyl (1) or urea (3) groups attached to the meso-positions with propyl linkers were synthesized as cis- and trans-isomers. The anion binding properties of cis-1 and cis-3 were screened with ion-mobility mass spectrometry, where cis-1 formed complexes with Cl-, Br- and H2PO4-, whereas cis-3 formed complexes with most of the investigated anions, including Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, ClO4-, OTf-, SCN- and PF6-. The structures of the chloride complexes were further elucidated with density functional theory calculations and a crystal structure obtained for cis-1. In solution, chloride and dihydrogenphosphate anion binding with cis-1 and cis-3 were compared using 1H NMR titrations. To assess the suitability of two-armed calix[4]pyrroles as anion transporters, chloride transport studies of cis-1, cis-3 and trans-3 were performed using large unilamellar vesicles. The results revealed that cis-3 had the highest activity among the investigated calix[4]pyrroles, which was related to the improved affinity and isolation of chloride inside the binding cavity of cis-3 in comparison to cis-1. The results indicate that appending calix[4]pyrroles with two hydrogen bonding arms is a feasible strategy to obtain anion transporters and receptors with high anion affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pamuła
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Evgeny Bulatov
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Luis Martínez-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Anniina Kiesilä
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Julia Naulapää
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Helttunen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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Xiong S, Nanda Kishore M, Zhou W, He Q. Recent advances in selective recognition of fluoride with macrocyclic receptors. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Higashino T, Kumagai A, Imahori H. Calix[5]phyrin for Fluoride Ion Sensing with Visible and Near Infrared Optical Responses. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2019-2022. [PMID: 29920957 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F- ) ion sensing is an important topic due to its roles in health, medical, and environmental sciences. In this regard, colorimetric sensors with a near infrared (NIR) optical response are useful in biological systems because they can avoid interference from endogenous chromophores. Although calix[n]phyrins are highly attractive as sensors with the NIR optical response, studies on calix[n]phyrins are still limited owing to their intrinsic instability against ambient light and air. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new calix[5]phyrin bearing one sp3 -hybridized carbon atom as a π-expanded calix[n]phyrin. Upon addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride, the calix[5]phyrin exhibited distinct NIR absorptions at 908 and 1064 nm as well as a visible color change. Importantly, it revealed an excellent selectivity for F- ion. These results demonstrate that calix[5]phyrins are promising colorimetric and NIR sensors of F- ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumagai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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