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Abstract
Norroles are isomers of corroles containing a direct pyrrole N-pyrrole C link instead of a pyrrole C-pyrrole C link of corroles. 22-Oxanorroles are core-modified norroles in which one of the pyrroles is replaced with a furan ring. A straightforward route is adopted to synthesize the first examples of aromatic meso-triaryl-22-oxanorroles containing a pyrrole N-pyrrole α-C direct bond in 4-7% yields by condensing 16-oxatripyrrane and (1H-pyrrol-3-yl)(p-tolyl)methanol in CH2Cl2 under mild acid-catalyzed conditions followed by oxidation with DDQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornenth Pushpanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vratta Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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2
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Chen QC, Fridman N, Tumanskii B, Gross Z. A chromophore-supported structural and functional model of dinuclear copper enzymes, for facilitating mechanism of action studies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12445-12450. [PMID: 34603675 PMCID: PMC8480325 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III dicopper centres are the heart of the reactive sites of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of catechols. Numerous synthetic model complexes have been prepared to uncover the fundamental chemistry involved in these processes, but progress is still lagging much behind that for heme enzymes. One reason is that the latter gain very much from the informative spectroscopic features of their porphyrin-based metal-chelating ligand. We now introduce sapphyrin-chelated dicopper complexes and show that they may be isolated in different oxidation states and coordination geometries, with distinctive colors and electronic spectra due to the heme-like ligands. The dicopper(i) complex 1-Cu2 was characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy of the metal-chelating sapphyrin, the oxygenated dicopper(ii) complex 1-Cu2O2 by EPR, and crystallographic data was obtained for the tetracopper(ii)-bis-sapphyrin complex [1-Cu2O2]2. This uncovered a non-heme [Cu4(OH)4]4− cluster, held together with the aid of two sapphyrin ligands, with structural features reminiscent of those of catechol oxidase. Biomimetic activity was demonstrated by the 1-Cu2O2 catalyzed aerobic oxidation of catechol to quinone; the sapphyrin ligand aided very much in gaining information about reactive intermediates and the rate-limiting step of the reaction. Di-copper chelation by sapphyrin facilitates reaction mechanism investigations and characterization of reactive intermediates regarding biomimetic catechol oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Cheng Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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Neo-Porphyrinoids: New Members of the Porphyrinoid Family. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:26. [PMID: 34009495 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The four pyrrole rings and four meso carbons of tetrapyrrolic porphyrins can be arranged in different ways and the resulting porphyrin isomers exhibit very distinct electronic properties. The extensive research carried out on the porphyrins over the years has revealed that porphyrin can have several possible isomers and some of these have been identified and synthesized. Among the porphyrin isomers synthesized so far, porphycene and N-confused porphyrins have been investigated extensively whereas the other porphyrin isomers such as hemiporphycene, corrphycene and isoporphycene remain underdeveloped because of synthetic difficulties and their inherently unstable nature. Neoporphyrinoids are new members of the porphyrinoid family that were discovered serendipitously in 2011. Neoporphyrinoids are structural analogues of porphyrinoids with a confused pyrrole nitrogen linked to a meso carbon or the adjacent pyrrole carbon. Thus, neoporphyrinoids have an unusual structure in which pyrrole N is a part of a porphyrinoid framework and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen participate in macrocyclic conjugation. It's been a decade since the discovery and different types of neoporphyrinoids, including regular, contracted and expanded neoporphyrinoids, have been synthesized by rational synthetic methodologies and their spectral, structural, aromatic and coordination properties have been studied. There is huge scope to develop different synthetic routes to produce new types of stable neoporphyrinoids to study their properties and potential applications. This article presents a brief overview of the synthesis, structure and properties of the neoporphyrinoids reported in this decade.
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Nakai A, Yoneda T, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Pd II insertion-triggered meso-carbon extrusion of N-fused pentaphyrin to form N-fused sapphyrin Pd II complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3034-3037. [PMID: 33624682 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Carbon extrusion of N-fused [22]pentaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1) occurred upon its PdII complexation, giving N-fused [22]pentaphyrin (1.1.1.1.0) ([22]sapphyrin) PdII complexes 5 and 6 as 22π aromatic compounds. Oxidation of 5 with DDQ and Sc(OTf)3 gave directly C-N linked dimer 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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5
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Expanded Carbaporphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16874-16901. [PMID: 31825555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review outlines the progress in the field of synthetic expanded carbaporphyrinoids. The evolution of this topic is demonstrated with expanded porphyrin-inspired systems with a variety of incorporated entities that introduce one or more carbon atoms into the cavity. The discussion starts with platyrins-the macrocycles that were identified as parent molecules of not only the expanded carbaporphyrinoids, but the carbaporphyrinoid class in general. After historic considerations, the plethora of expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles containing N-confused or neo-confused pyrrole motifs and different carbocyclic subunits are presented. Special emphasis is given to applications of expanded carbaporphyrinoids in different areas, including organometallic chemistry, switching systems, or aromaticity, concluding with the demonstration of a covalent cage based on an expanded carbaporphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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7
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Chen QC, Fridman N, Diskin-Posner Y, Gross Z. Palladium Complexes of Corroles and Sapphyrins. Chemistry 2020; 26:9481-9485. [PMID: 32491230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Palladium complexes of corrole and sapphyrin were prepared in high yield and fully characterized. The corrole provides a tetradentate/trianionic square planar coordination sphere for PdII , charge balanced by pyridinium. Both one and two PdII ions may be accommodated by the pentapyrrolic skeleton of the sapphyrin, and in each case the macrocycle acts as bidentate/monoanionic ligand and the inner-sphere square planar geometry is completed by allyl anions coordinated in an η3 fashion. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography data analyses uncovered the presence of interesting stereoisomers due to the flexibility of the ally ligands and also the pyrrole ring(s) that is/are not involved in metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Cheng Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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Yadav P, Fridman N, Mizrahi A, Gross Z. Rhenium(i) sapphyrins: remarkable difference between the C6F5 and CF3-substituted derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:980-983. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08877f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhenium chelation by sapphyrins alters the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of the macrocycle differently for CF3- and C6F5-substituted derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Yadav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa-320000
- Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa-320000
- Israel
| | - Amir Mizrahi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa-320000
- Israel
- Chemistry Department
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa-320000
- Israel
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Mori D, Yoneda T, Suzuki M, Hoshino T, Neya S. meso-Diketopyripentaphyrin and Diketopyrihexaphyrin as Macrocyclic Tripyrrinone Ligands for Ni II Ions. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4169-4173. [PMID: 31777185 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report expanded porphyrins with pyridine rings and two neighboring carbonyl groups, which allow NiII ions to coordinate to the tripyrrinone-type NNNO coordination structure with Ni-O bonds. The selectivity of tripyrrinone is superior to other pyrrolic or pyridinic cavities of expanded porphyrins. Introduction of α-carbonyl pyridine next to the tripyrrolic conjugated structure is a powerful strategy for regioselective metalation of flexible expanded porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Current address: Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Saburo Neya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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Brewster JT, Root HD, Mangel D, Samia A, Zafar H, Sedgwick AC, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. UO 2 2+-mediated ring contraction of pyrihexaphyrin: synthesis of a contracted expanded porphyrin-uranyl complex. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5596-5602. [PMID: 31293744 PMCID: PMC6552508 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mixed hexaphyrin, pyrihexaphyrin (0.1.0.0.1.0) (1), was prepared via an acid catalyzed cyclization between 5,5′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) (2) and terpyrrole (3).
A new mixed hexaphyrin, pyrihexaphyrin (0.1.0.0.1.0) (1), was prepared via an acid catalyzed cyclization between 5,5′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) (2) and terpyrrole (3). This expanded porphyrin undergoes a ring contraction upon metallation with uranyl silylamide [UO2[N(SiMe3)2]2] under anaerobic conditions followed by purification over basic aluminum oxide exposed to air. The uranyl-contracted pyrihexaphyrin (0.0.0.0.1.0) complex (4) produced as a result contains a unique structural architecture and possesses a formally 22 π-electron globally aromatic periphery, as inferred from NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and computational analyses. Support for the proposed contraction mechanism came from experimental data and DFT calculations. Proton NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis provided the first insight into expanded porphyrin-mediated activation of the uranyl dication (UO22+).
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Brewster
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Harrison D Root
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Daniel Mangel
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Adam Samia
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
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Chen QC, Saltsman I, Kaushansky A, Xiao ZY, Fridman N, Zhan X, Gross Z. Rhodium Complexes of a New-Generation Sapphyrin: Unique Structures, Axial Chirality, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:17255-17261. [PMID: 30138537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium insertion into the new 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)sapphyrin was found to be much more facile than for other analogues, owing to NH⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen-bonding interactions that stabilise the pyrrole-inverted structure characteristic of the metallated product. The thus-obtained rhodium(I) complexes have axial chirality, and the enantiomers were resolved. The latter were found to interconvert quite rapidly in a process that involves a tautomerisation-like movement of the metal fragment between the five N atoms. The rhodium sapphyrins were investigated as catalysts for organic synthesis, by studying their carbene-transfer activity in the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate and comparing it to that of rhodium corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Cheng Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Irena Saltsman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Zi-Ye Xiao
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institution of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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