The Chemistry and Properties of Energetic Materials Bearing [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b ][1,2,4,5]tetrazine Fused Rings

Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review

As a momentous energetic group, a nitro group widely exists in high-energy-density materials (HEDMs), such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX), etc. The nitro group has a significant effect on improving the oxygen balance and detonation performances of energetic materials (EMs). Moreover, the nitro group is a strong electron-withdrawing group, and it can increase the acidity of the acidic hydrogen-containing nitrogen-rich energetic compounds to facilitate the construction of energetic ionic salts. Thus, it is possible to design nitro-nitrogen-rich energetic compounds with adjustable properties. In this paper, the nitration methods of azoles, including imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, and oxadiazole, as well as azines, including pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, and tetrazine, have been concluded. Furthermore, the prospect of the future development of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds has been stated, so as to provide references for researchers who are engaged in the synthesis of EMs.

Synthesis and properties of gem-dinitro energetic salts based on 1,2,4-oxadiazole with low impact sensitivity

The compounds in this study are insensitive to impact and more energetic than TNT, giving new insights into gem-dinitro-derived compounds.

Fused triazolotriazine bearing a gem-dinitro group: a promising high energy density material

Improving the density and detonation velocity, and reducing the sensitivity by introducing the fluorodinitromethyl group.

5,6-Fused bicyclic tetrazolo-pyridazine energetic materials

Two 5,6-fused tetrazolo-pyridazine compounds were synthesized and characterized, which exhibited high thermal stability, excellent energetic properties and low mechanical sensitivity.

Nitroacetonitrile as a versatile precursor in energetic materials synthesis

Nitroacetonitrile is the simplest α-nitronitrile; it possesses a single central carbon attached to two strong electronegative, electron-withdrawing groups allowing extensive chemistry through the active methylene center. Free nitroacetonitrile has purification and stability issues, however stable salts of nitroacetonitrile possess the same reactivity as the free acid and are much more stable. Nitroacetonitrile serves as a versatile synthetic precursor in the formation of heterocyclic and polyfunctional aliphatic products and can allow for straightforward conversion to amino, acyl, and other functional groups. A main advantage of using nitroacetonitrile in the formation of heterocyclic-based energetics is its ability to add vicinal amino and nitro moieties onto fused ring structures, a common structural motif in insensitive energetic materials. In this minireview we discuss the preparation of nitroacetonitrile and its stable salts, as well as discuss the range of energetic materials this versatile precursor has found use in.

Nitroacetonitrile is a useful synthetic precursor capable of participating in a wide range of reactions and enables the simple synthesis of annulated heterocyclic systems which are rapidly becoming promising new energetic materials.

Aminonitrones as highly reactive bifunctional synthons. An expedient one-pot route to 5-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and 5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles – potential antimicrobials targeting multi-drug resistant bacteria

A four-component one-pot reaction proceeds very rapidly under mild conditions and gives the heterocyclic systems in good yields.

1,2,4-Oxadiazole-derived polynitro energetic compounds with sensitivity reduced by a methylene bridge

This is a new family of energetic compounds combining a high-energy polynitro group with an insensitive methylene linkage and thermostable 1,2,4-oxadiazole skeleton.