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Giladi M, Montgomery AP, Kassiou M, Danon JJ. Structure-based drug design for TSPO: Challenges and opportunities. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00120-2. [PMID: 38782353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial transmembrane protein implicated in various neuropathologies and inflammatory conditions, making it a longstanding diagnostic and therapeutic target of interest. Despite the development of various classes of TSPO ligand chemotypes, and the elucidation of bacterial and non-human mammalian experimental structures, many unknowns exist surrounding its differential structural and functional features in health and disease. There are several limitations associated with currently used computational methodologies for modelling the native structure and ligand-binding behaviour of this enigmatic protein. In this perspective, we provide a critical analysis of the developments in the uses of these methods, outlining their uses, inherent limitations, and continuing challenges. We offer suggestions of unexplored opportunities that exist in the use of computational methodologies which offer promise for enhancing our understanding of the TSPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Giladi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2050, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2050, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2050, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Carboranes in drug discovery, chemical biology and molecular imaging. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:486-504. [PMID: 37117309 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There exists a paucity of structural innovation and limited molecular diversity associated with molecular frameworks in drug discovery and biomolecular imaging/chemical probe design. The discovery and exploitation of new molecular entities for medical and biological applications will necessarily involve voyaging into previously unexplored regions of chemical space. Boron clusters, notably the carboranes, offer an alternative to conventional (poly)cyclic organic frameworks that may address some of the limitations associated with the use of novel molecular frameworks in chemical biology or medicine. The high thermal stability, unique 3D structure and aromaticity, kinetic inertness to metabolism and ability to engage in unusual types of intermolecular interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, with biological receptors make carboranes exquisite frameworks in the design of probes for chemical biology, novel drug candidates and biomolecular imaging agents. This Review highlights the key developments of carborane derivatives made over the last decade as new design tools in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, showcasing the versatility of this unique family of boron compounds.
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Hattori Y, Ishimura M, Ohta Y, Takenaka H, Kawabata S, Kirihata M. Dodecaborate Conjugates Targeting Tumor Cell Overexpressing Translocator Protein for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 13:50-54. [PMID: 35059123 PMCID: PMC8762747 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed novel closo-dodecaborate ([B12H11]2-) anion-containing translocator protein (TSPO) ligand as a boron carrier for boron neutron capture therapy. This compound shows high water solubility and can deliver boron to TSPO highly expressed in breast cancer cells. We describe the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a dodecaborate-based pyrazolopyrimidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Hattori
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,
| | - Miki Ishimura
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,Stella
Pharma Co., ORIX Kouraibashi
Bldg., 3-2-7 Kouraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0043, Japan
| | - Youichirou Ohta
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,Stella
Pharma Co., ORIX Kouraibashi
Bldg., 3-2-7 Kouraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takenaka
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,Stella
Pharma Co., ORIX Kouraibashi
Bldg., 3-2-7 Kouraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0043, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Danon JJ, Tregeagle DFL, Kassiou M. Adventures in Translocation: Studies of the Translocator Protein (TSPO) 18 kDa. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein found embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane. A secondary target for the benzodiazepine diazepam, TSPO has been a protein of interest for researchers for decades, particularly owing to its well-established links to inflammatory conditions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has become a key biomarker for assessing microglial activation using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease. This Account describes research published by our group over the past 15 years surrounding the development of TSPO ligands and their use in probing the function of this high-value target.
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Smyshliaeva LA, Varaksin MV, Fomina EI, Joy MN, Bakulev VA, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Vinylacetylene ortho-Carborane and Arylazides in the Design of 1,2,3-Triazolyl-Modified Vinylcarborane Fluorophores. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia A. Smyshliaeva
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Varaksin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Vasiliy A. Bakulev
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Street, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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