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Alshubramy MA, Alotaibi FS, Alkahtani HM, Alamry KA, Hussein MA. C3-Symmetric ligands in drug design: An overview of the challenges and opportunities ahead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129702. [PMID: 38490620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
C3-symmetry is a type of star-shaped molecule consisting of a central core and three symmetrically attached chains. These molecules are used in drug discovery due to their unique three-fold rotational symmetry, which allows for specific binding interactions and improved molecular recognition. In this text, we provide an overview of synthetic approaches with C3-symmetry as a pharmaceutical tool: progress, challenges, and opportunities. C3-symmetric ligands offer both challenges and opportunities in drug design. Their unique symmetry can enhance binding interactions, but careful consideration of rigidity, synthetic complexity, and target compatibility is crucial. Further research and advancements in synthetic methods and modeling tools will likely drive their exploration in drug discovery, leading to the discovery of potent C3-symmetric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Alshubramy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faez S Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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Ultrastable Two-Dimensional Fluorescent Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Pyrene and Fluorene Units for Metal Ion Sensing and Energy Storage. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Rani Kumar N, Agrawal AR. Advances in the Chemistry of 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200203. [PMID: 36599693 PMCID: PMC9812756 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic systems are now considered to be an integral part of material chemistry. Thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole, carbazole, triazine and others are some such examples worth mentioning. 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine is a C3h -symmetric system with thiophene as the donor unit and s-triazine as the acceptor unit. This review gives an insight into the advances made in the thienyl-triazine chemistry over the past two to three decades. The synthetic pathways for arriving at this system and all its important derivatives are provided. The major focus is on the materials synthesized using the thienyl-triazine system, including star molecules, linear and hyperbranched polymers, porous materials and their diverse applications. This review will play a catalytic role for new dimensions to be explored in thienyl-triazine chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Dhemaji CollegeDhemaji787057, AssamIndia
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem91904Israel
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Chen R, Lan J, Li F, Wang K, Xue Y, Xu C, Liu L. A Three‐Component Reaction to Construct β‐Aminonitroso‐α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds under Metal‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Lan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Xue
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 People's Republic of China
| | - Canran Xu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 476000 People's Republic of China
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Yan Z, Liu J, Miao C, Su P, Zheng G, Cui B, Geng T, Fan J, Yu Z, Bu N, Yuan Y, Xia L. Pyrene-Based Fluorescent Porous Organic Polymers for Recognition and Detection of Pesticides. Molecules 2021; 27:126. [PMID: 35011357 PMCID: PMC8746865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating vegetables with pesticide residues over a long period of time causes serious adverse effects on the human body, such as acute poisoning, chronic poisoning, and endocrine system interference. To achieve the goal of a healthy society, it is an urgent issue to find a simple and effective method to detect organic pesticides. In this work, two fluorescent porous organic polymers, LNU-45 and LNU-47 (abbreviation for Liaoning University), were prepared using π-conjugated dibromopyrene monomer and boronic acid compounds as building units through a Suzuki coupling reaction. Due to the large π-electron delocalization effect, the resulting polymers revealed enhanced fluorescence performance. Significantly, in sharp contrast with the planar π-conjugated polymer framework (LNU-47), the distorted conjugated structure (LNU-45) shows a higher specific surface area and provides a broad interface for analyte interaction, which is helpful to achieve rapid response and detection sensitivity. LNU-45 exhibits strong fluorescence emission at 469 nm after excitation at 365 nm in THF solution, providing strong evidence for its suitability as a luminescent chemosensor for organic pesticides. The fluorescence quenching coefficients of LNU-45 for trifluralin and dicloran were 5710 and 12,000 (LNU-47 sample by ca. 1.98 and 3.38 times), respectively. Therefore, LNU-45 serves as an effective "real-time" sensor for the detection of trifluralin and dicloran with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Yan
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jinni Liu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Congke Miao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (C.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Pinjie Su
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (C.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Guiyue Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Tongfei Geng
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jiating Fan
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Naishun Bu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (C.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (B.C.); (T.G.); (J.F.); (Z.Y.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
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Design and synthesis of C3-symmetric molecules containing oxepine and benzofuran moieties via Metathesis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Fucci R, Vande Velde CML. Strategic design and synthesis of star-shaped organic linkers for mesoporous MOFs. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:97-111. [PMID: 34196337 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the process of designing new MOFs with the aim of having a specific morphology, the shape of the linkers and the choice of coordinating metals have major importance. In this study, the aim to create novel hnb non-interpenetrating MOFs led us to choose tritopic linkers. Novel star-shaped molecules, presenting trigonal geometry and based on aromatic rings, were synthesized. For more convenient synthesis of the library, C-C coupling reactions via a direct arylation methodology were performed. This new synthetic tool, together with the idea of a molecule as a modular combination of smaller building blocks, made possible the fast, cheap and reproducible production of this class of compounds and also its scale-up. With one of the compounds, a MOF was synthesized and characterised via its specific surface area, which varies between 1681 and 3770 m2 g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fucci
- Intelligence in Processes, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS), Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Christophe M L Vande Velde
- Intelligence in Processes, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS), Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Kotha S, Meshram M. Development of New Synthetic Strategies, Tactics and their Applications. CHEM REC 2019; 19:2480-2504. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
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Rivera RP, Ehlers P, Ohlendorf L, Ponce MB, Rodríguez ET, Langer P. Synthesis of non-symmetrical alkynylpyridines by chemoselective Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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