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Haketa Y, Yamasumi K, Maeda H. π-Electronic ion pairs: building blocks for supramolecular nanoarchitectonics viaiπ- iπ interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7170-7196. [PMID: 37795542 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pairing of charged π-electronic systems and their ordered arrangement have been achieved by iπ-iπ interactions that are derived from synergetically worked electrostatic and dispersion forces. Charged π-electronic systems that provide ion pairs as building blocks for assemblies have been prepared by diverse strategies for introducing charge in the core π-electronic systems. One method to prepare charged π-electronic systems is the use of covalent bonding that makes π-electronic ions and valence-mismatched metal complexes as well as protonated and deprotonated states. Noncovalent ion complexation is another method used to create π-electronic ions, particularly for anion binding, producing negatively charged π-electronic systems. Charged π-electronic systems afford various ion pairs, consisting of both cationic and anionic π-systems, depending on their combinations. Geometries and electronic states of the constituents in π-electronic ion pairs affect the photophysical properties and assembling modes. Recent progress in π-electronic ion pairs has revealed intriguing characteristics, including the transformation into radical pairs through electron transfer and the magnetic properties influenced by the countercations. Furthermore, the assembly states exhibit diversity as observed in crystals and soft materials including liquid-crystal mesophases. While the chemistry of ion pairs (salts) is well-established, the field of π-electronic ion pairs is relatively new; however, it holds great promise for future applications in novel materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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Yokoyama M, Okayasu Y, Kobayashi Y, Tanaka H, Haketa Y, Maeda H. Ion-Pairing Assemblies of Dithienylnitrophenol-Based π-Electronic Anions Stabilized by Intramolecular Interactions. Org Lett 2023; 25:3676-3681. [PMID: 37172277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dithienylnitrophenols were synthesized as precursors of π-electronic anions, which were stabilized by intramolecular chalcogen bonding, forming various ion pairs in combination with cations. The modes of solid-state charge-by-charge assemblies, along with solution-state stacking and photoinduced electron transfer behaviors, were modulated by the constituent ionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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3
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Tanaka H, Okayasu Y, Kobayashi Y, Maeda H. Substituent-Dependent Photoexcitation Processes of π-Stacked Ion Pairs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203957. [PMID: 36617733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin ion pairs, the charge of which is delocalized in core units, form tightly associated structures through i π-i π interactions. 5,10,15-Triphenyl-substituted porphyrin-AuIII complex, which is favorable for forming stacked structures in the form of a stable ion, has been synthesized. Ion-pair metathesis based on the hard and soft acids and bases theory enabled combination with porphyrin anions possessing electronic states controlled by electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. Transient absorption spectroscopy suggested that the lifetimes of the radical pairs generated by photoinduced electron transfer of the ion pairs could be controlled by a judicious combination of the anions and cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
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Yamasumi K, Ueda K, Haketa Y, Hattori Y, Suda M, Seki S, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Ikemura R, Imai Y, Ishibashi Y, Asahi T, Nakamura K, Maeda H. Charge-Segregated Stacking Structure with Anisotropic Electric Conductivity in NIR-Absorbing and Emitting Positively Charged π-Electronic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216013. [PMID: 36573653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Squarylium-based π-electronic cation with an augmented dipole was synthesized by methylation of zwitterionic squarylium. The cation formed various ion pairs in combination with anions, and the ion pairs exhibited distinct photophysical properties in the dispersed state, ascribed to the formation of J- and H-aggregates. The ion pairs provided solid-state assemblies based on cation stacking. It is noteworthy that complete segregation of cations and anions was observed in a pseudo-polymorph of the ion pair with pentacyanocyclopentadienide as a π-electronic anion. In the crystalline state, the ion pairs exhibited photophysical properties and electric conductivity derived from cation stacking. In particular, the charge-segregated ion-pairing assembly induces an electric conductive pathway along the stacking axis. The charge-segregated mode and fascinating properties were derived from the reduced electrostatic repulsion between adjacent π-electronic cations via dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Suda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryoya Ikemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yukihide Ishibashi
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asahi
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nakamura
- Yokkaichi Research Center, JSR Corporation, Yokkaichi, 510-8552, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
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Tanaka H, Kobayashi Y, Furukawa K, Okayasu Y, Akine S, Yasuda N, Maeda H. π-Stacked Ion Pairs: Tightly Associated Charged Porphyrins in Ordered Arrangement Enabling Radical-Pair Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21710-21718. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Institute for Research Promotion Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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Yamasumi K, Sugiura S, Tanaka H, Maeda H. Charged π-Electronic Systems That Provide Assembled Structures. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan Universit
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Yamasumi K, Maeda H. Charged Porphyrins: π-Electronic Systems That Form Ion-Pairing Assembled Structures. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Kuno A, Hirata G, Tanaka H, Kobayashi Y, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Dipyrrolyldiketone Pt II Complexes: Ion-Pairing π-Electronic Systems with Various Anion-Binding Modes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10068-10076. [PMID: 34002907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A variety of π-electronic ion-pairing assemblies can be constructed by combining anion complexes of π-electronic systems and countercations. In this study, a series of anion-responsive π-electronic molecules, dipyrrolyldiketone PtII complexes containing a phenylpyridine ligand, were synthesized. The resulting PtII complexes exhibited phosphorescence emission, with higher emission quantum yields (0.30-0.42) and microsecond-order lifetimes, and solution-state anion binding, as revealed by our spectroscopic analyses. These PtII complexes displayed solid-state ion-pairing assemblies, exhibiting various anion-binding modes, which derived from pyrrole-inverted and pyrrole-non-inverted conformations, and packing structures, with the contribution of charge-by-charge assemblies, which were dependent on the substituents in the PtII complexes and the geometries and electronic states of their countercations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Goki Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
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Takahashi T, Ogasawara S, Shinozaki Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of Cationic Pyridinium–Chlorin Conjugates with Various Counter Anions and Effects of the Anions on Their Photophysical Properties. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Tanaka H, Haketa Y, Bando Y, Yamakado R, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Ion-Pairing Assemblies of Porphyrin-Au III Complexes in Combination with π-Electronic Receptor-Anion Complexes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:494-498. [PMID: 31899580 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anion complexes of anion-responsive π-electronic molecules can behave as pseudo π-electronic anions providing various ion pairs in combination with countercations. In this study, single crystals of ion-pairing assemblies comprising porphyrin-AuIII complexes and Cl- complexes of dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes were prepared from 1:1 mixtures of anion receptors and the Cl- salts of cationic porphyrins in solution. In the solid state, the ion pairs formed characteristic assemblies, depending on the substituents of the anion receptors and porphyrin-AuIII complexes. Theoretical calculations on the ion pairs revealed that the stacking structures are stabilized by compensating positive and negative charges as well as π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuya Bando
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamakado
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
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