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Yu H, Tian P, Han N, Li M, Wang M. Nitrogen Atom Induced Contrast Effect on the Mechanofluorochromic Characteristics of Anthracene-Based Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Fluorescent Molecules. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300712. [PMID: 37735950 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanofluorochromic (MFC) characteristics of anthracene-based acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) fluorescent molecules are explored through a comprehensive investigation of their photophysical behaviors. Six 9,10-diheteroarylanthracene derivatives with varying acceptor groups (pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrazinyl and quinoxalinyl) are synthesized and systematically characterized. The photophysical properties in both solution and solid-state are examined, revealing subtle yet significant influences of the spatial arrangement and number of nitrogen atoms within the acceptor group on fluorescence emission. Single-crystal structures of these compounds provide insights into their steric configurations and intermolecular packing modes, offering valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the observed MFC properties. This study illuminates the intricate interplay between MFC properties and the refined molecular structure, thus presenting promising avenues for the design and advancement of novel MFC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Peiyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ningxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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2
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Mohitkar A, H R, Goel S, Jayanty S. Efficient Standalone Flexible Small Molecule Organic Solar Cell Devices: Structure-Performance Relation Among Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40836-40847. [PMID: 37929146 PMCID: PMC10620877 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, very few dicyano and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) based molecules are utilized as active layers, sandwiched between the electron and hole transport layer in organic solar cell (OSC) devices. Nevertheless, simple mono- and disubstituted TCNQ derivatives as exclusively active layers are yet unexplored and provide scope for further investigation. In this study, TCNQ derivatives with varying amine substituents, namely, AEPYDQ (1), BMEDDQ (2), MATBTCNQ (3), and MITATCNQ (4), were explored as efficient standalone, flexible, all small molecule OSC devices. Particularly, 1 resulted in the highest device efficiency of 11.75% with an aromatic amine, while 2 possessing an aliphatic amine showed the lowest power conversion efficiency (PCE; 2.12%). Notably, the short circuit current density (JSC) of device 1 increased from 2 mA/cm2 in the dark to 9.12 mA/cm2 under light, indicating a significant boost in the current generation. Further, 1 manifested more crystallinity than others. Interestingly, 4 exhibited a higher PCE (5.90%) than 3 (PCE is 2.58%), though 3 is disubstituted with an aromatic amine, probably attributed to the electron-withdrawing effects of the -CF3 and -CN groups in 3 reducing the available π-electron density for stacking. Therefore, this study emphasizes crystallinity, significantly on the PCE, offering insights into the design of many such efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mohitkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana
State, India
| | - Renuka H
- MEMS,
Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS,
Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Subbalakshmi Jayanty
- Department
of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana
State, India
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3
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SD A, Mohitkar A, Jayanty S. Unprecedented transformation from cyclized zwitterionic oxazolidine derivatives to corresponding non-zwitterionic aromatic amides via Vilsmeier reagent in a one-pot reaction: optical property and crystallography. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ formation of iminium intermediate in the conversion of zwitterionic oxazolidine derivatives to aromatic amides resulting in contrasting optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarhussaini SD
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal. Dist., Hyderabad-500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Anuradha Mohitkar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal. Dist., Hyderabad-500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Subbalakshmi Jayanty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal. Dist., Hyderabad-500078, Telangana State, India
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4
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Syed A, Battula H, Bobde Y, Patel T, Ghosh B, Jayanty S. Design and Development of Distinct Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives Exhibiting Dual Effect of Fluorescence and Anticancer Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwarhussaini Syed
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana State India
| | - Himabindu Battula
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana State India
| | - Yamini Bobde
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana State India
| | - Tarun Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana State India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana State India
| | - Subbalakshmi Jayanty
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad 500078 Telangana State India
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Funabiki K, Yamada K, Matsueda H, Arisawa Y, Agou T, Kubota Y, Inuzuka T, Wasada H. Perfluorophenyl‐Perfluorophenyl Stacking‐Promoted Aggregation‐Induced Emission Enhancement of Crystalline 5‐Aryloxy‐3
H
‐Indole. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kengo Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hisaki Matsueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Yuta Arisawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering Ibaraki University 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa Hitachi 316-8511 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis Life Science Research Center Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wasada
- Department of Policy Studies Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Syed A, Battula H, Mishra S, Jayanty S. Distinct Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives: Enhanced Fluorescence in Solutions and Unprecedented Cation Recognition in the Solid State. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3090-3105. [PMID: 33553926 PMCID: PMC7860107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is known to react with various amines to generate substituted TCNQ derivatives with remarkable optical and nonlinear optical characteristics. The choice of amine plays a crucial role in the outcome of molecular material attributes. Especially, mono/di-substituted TCNQ's possessing strong fluorescence in solutions than solids are deficient. Furthermore, cation recognition in the solid-state TCNQ derivatives is yet undetermined. In this article, we present solution-enhanced fluorescence and exclusive solid-state recognition of K+ ion achieved through the selection of 4-(4-aminophenyl)morpholin-3-one (APM) having considerable π-conjugation and carbonyl (C=O) functionality, particularly in the ring. TCNQ when reacted with APM, in a single-step reaction, resulted in two well-defined distinct compounds, namely, 7,7-bis(4-(4-aminophenyl)morpholin-3-ono)dicyanoquinodimethane (BAPMDQ [1], yellow) and 7,7,8-(4-(4-aminophenyl)morpholin-3-ono)tricyanoquinodimethane (APMTQ [2], red), with increased fluorescence intensity in solutions than their solids. Crystal structure investigation revealed extensive C-H-π interactions and strong H-bonding in [1], whereas moderate to weak interactions in [2]. Surprisingly, simple mechanical grinding during KBr pellet preparation with [1, 2] triggered unidentified cation recognition with a profound color change (in ∼1 min) detected by the naked eye, accompanied by a drastic enhancement of fluorescence, proposed due to the presence of carbonyl functionality, noncovalent intermolecular interactions, and molecular assemblies in [1, 2] solids. Cation recognition was also noted with various other salts as well (KCl, KI, KSCN, NH4Cl, NH4Br, etc.). Currently, the recognition mechanism of K+ ion in [1, 2] is demonstrated by the strong electrostatic interaction of K+ ion with CO and simultaneously cation-π interaction of K+ with the phenyl ring of APM, supported by experimental and computational studies. Computational analysis also revealed that a strong cation-π interaction occurred between the K+ ion and the phenyl ring (APM) in [2] than in [1] (ΔG binding calculated as ∼16.3 and ∼25.2 kcal mol-1 for [1] and [2], respectively) providing additional binding free energy. Thus, both electrostatic and cation-π interactions lead to the recognition. Scanning electron microscopy of drop-cast films showed microcrystalline "roses" in [1] and micro/nano "aggregates" in [2]. Optical band gap (∼3.565 eV) indicated [1, 2] as wide-band-gap materials. The current study demonstrates fascinating novel products obtained by single-pot reaction, resulting in contrasting optical properties in solutions and experiencing cation recognition capability exclusively in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarhussaini Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist., Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Himabindu Battula
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist., Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Subbalakshmi Jayanty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Medchal Dist., Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
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