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Crovini E, Stavrou K, Sahay P, Nguyễn BM, Comerford T, Warriner S, Brütting W, Monkman A, Zysman-Colman E. Aryl-Substituted Acridine Donor Derivatives Modulate the Transition Dipole Moment Orientation and Exciton Harvesting Properties of Donor-Acceptor TADF Emitters. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:14429-14441. [PMID: 39238898 PMCID: PMC11372754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds are highly attractive as sensitizing and emitting materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The efficiency of the OLED depends on multiple parameters, most of which rely on the properties of the emitter including those that govern the internal quantum and outcoupling efficiencies. Herein, we investigate a series of aryl substituted acridine donor derivatives of the donor-acceptor TADF emitter DMAC-TRZ, with the objective of correlating their properties, such as triplet harvesting efficiency and transition dipole moment orientation, with their corresponding device efficiency. The decoration of the DMAC donor with substituted aryl groups not only modifies the molecular weight and length of the emitter but also affects the emission color and the capacity for the emitters to efficiently harvest triplet excitons. The presence of electron-withdrawing 4-cyanophenyl and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl groups in, respectively, CNPh-DMAC-TRZ and CF3Ph-DMAC-TRZ, blue-shifts the emission spectrum but slows down the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (k RISC), while the opposite occurs in the presence of electron-donating groups in t BuPh-DMAC-TRZ and OMePh-DMAC-TRZ (red-shifted emission spectrum and faster k RISC). In contrast to our expectations, the OLED performance of the five DMAC-TRZ derivatives does not scale with their degree of horizontal emitter orientation but follows the k RISC rates. This, in turn, demonstrates that triplet harvesting (and not horizontal emitter orientation) is the dominant effect for device efficiency using this family of emitters. Nonetheless, highly efficient OLEDs were fabricated with t BuPh-DMAC-TRZ and OMePh-DMAC-TRZ as emitters, with improved EQEmax (∼28%) compared to the reference DMAC-TRZ devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Crovini
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Kleitos Stavrou
- OEM group, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Prakhar Sahay
- Experimental Physics IV, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - Bình Minh Nguyễn
- Experimental Physics IV, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - Thomas Comerford
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Wolfgang Brütting
- Experimental Physics IV, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - Andrew Monkman
- OEM group, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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Hsieh YY, Sánchez RS, Raffy G, Shyue JJ, Hirsch L, Del Guerzo A, Wong KT, Bassani DM. Supramolecular gating of TADF process in self-assembled nano-spheres for high-resolution OLED applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1163-1166. [PMID: 34981085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acridine-based donor-acceptor chromophores exhibiting E-type delayed fluorescence were substituted with bis-biuret H-bonding motifs to induce the formation of hollow spheres which can be deposited from solution to form the active component of OLED devices. In solution, the contribution of the delayed component is sensitive to disruption of the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Hsieh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. .,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Rafael S Sánchez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Raffy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - André Del Guerzo
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Dario M Bassani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
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Huang T, Wang Q, Xiao S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yin C, Yang D, Ma D, Wang Z, Duan L. Simultaneously Enhanced Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Radiative Decay in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorophors with Multiple Through-space Charge Transfers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23771-23776. [PMID: 34405502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with through-space charge transfers (CT) have attracted particularly interest recently. However, the slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and radiative decay always limit their electroluminescence performances. Herein, TADF molecules with ortho-linked multiple donors-acceptor (ortho-Dn -A) motif are developed to create near-degenerate excited states for the reinforcement of spin-orbit coupling. The incorporation of both through-bond and through-space CT enlarges oscillator strength. The optimal ortho-D3 -A compound exhibits a photoluminescence quantum yield of ca. 100 %, a high RISC rate of 2.57×106 s-1 and a high radiative decay rate of 1.00×107 s-1 simultaneously. With this compound as the sensitizer, a TADF-sensitized-fluorescent organic light-emitting diode shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.6 % with an ultrapure green Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage y coordinate value of 0.69.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Huang T, Wang Q, Xiao S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yin C, Yang D, Ma D, Wang Z, Duan L. Simultaneously Enhanced Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Radiative Decay in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorophors with Multiple Through‐space Charge Transfers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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