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Qin X, Li D, Feng L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Qian L, Zhao W, Xu N, Chi X, Wang S, He M. (n, m) Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown from a Non-Magnetic Palladium Catalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062453. [PMID: 36985423 PMCID: PMC10051104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-magnetic metal nanoparticles have been previously applied for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, the activation mechanisms of non-magnetic metal catalysts and chirality distribution of synthesized SWNTs remain unclear. In this work, the activation mechanisms of non-magnetic metal palladium (Pd) particles supported by the magnesia carrier and thermodynamic stabilities of nucleated SWNTs with different (n, m) are evaluated by theoretical simulations. The electronic metal-support interaction between Pd and magnesia upshifts the d-band center of Pd, which promotes the chemisorption and dissociation of carbon precursor molecules on the Pd surface, making the activation of magnesia-supported non-magnetic Pd catalysts for SWNT growth possible. To verify the theoretical results, a porous magnesia supported Pd catalyst is developed for the bulk synthesis of SWNTs by chemical vapor deposition. The chirality distribution of Pd-grown SWNTs is understood by operating both Pd-SWNT interfacial formation energy and SWNT growth kinetics. This work not only helps to gain new insights into the activation of catalysts for growing SWNTs, but also extends the use of non-magnetic metal catalysts for bulk synthesis of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lihu Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Advanced Carbon Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liu Qian
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyue Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xinyan Chi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Maoshuai He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Guo Q, Qin C, Guo J, Chen P. Selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene by alkali-metal palladium complex hydrides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2259-2262. [PMID: 36728483 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of alkali-metal palladium complex hydrides have been shown to be catalytically active and selective for partial hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. The complex hydrides differ in composition, structure, and catalytic function as compared to the conventional Pd metal or alloy catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chao Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ballesteros-Soberanas J, Carrasco JA, Leyva-Pérez A. Parts-Per-Million of Soluble Pd 0 Catalyze the Semi-Hydrogenation Reaction of Alkynes to Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:18-26. [PMID: 35584367 PMCID: PMC9830639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cis-alkenes is industrially carried out by selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes with complex Pd catalysts, which include the Lindlar catalyst (PdPb on CaCO3) and c-Pd/TiS (colloidal ligand-protected Pd nanoparticles), among others. Here, we show that Pd0 atoms are generated from primary Pd salts (PdCl2, PdSO4, Pd(OH)2, PdO) with H2 in alcohol solutions, independently of the alkyne, to catalyze the semi-hydrogenation reaction with extraordinarily high efficiency (up to 735 s-1), yield (up to 99%), and selectivity (up to 99%). The easy-to-prepare Pd0 species hold other potential catalytic applications.
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Guo Q, Chen R, Guo J, Qin C, Xiong Z, Yan H, Gao W, Pei Q, Wu A, Chen P. Enabling Semihydrogenation of Alkynes to Alkenes by Using a Calcium Palladium Complex Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20891-20897. [PMID: 34854674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes requires a catalytic site with suitable electronic properties for modulating the adsorption and conversion of alkyne, alkene as well as dihydrogen. Here, we report a complex palladium hydride, CaPdH2, featured by electron-rich [PdH2]δ- sites that are surrounded by Ca cations that interacts with C2H2 and C2H4 via σ-bonding to Pd and unusual cation-π interaction with Ca, resulting in a much weaker chemisorption than those of Pd metal catalysts. Concomitantly, the dissociation of H2 and hydrogenation of C2Hx (x = 2-4) species experience significant energy barriers over CaPdH2, which is fundamentally different from those reported Pd-based catalysts. Such a unique catalytic environment enables CaPdH2, the very first complex transition-metal hydride catalyst, to afford a high alkene selectivity for the semihydrogenation of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhitao Xiong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hanxue Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qijun Pei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Anan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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