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Morales-González M, Valero MF, Díaz LE. Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Non-Isocyanate Polyhydroxyurethanes (NIPHUs) from Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Candidates for Wound Dressing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1514. [PMID: 38891461 PMCID: PMC11174685 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Only 0.1% of polyurethanes available on the market are from renewable sources. With increasing concern about climate change, the substitution of monomers derived from petrochemical sources and the application of eco-friendly synthesis processes is crucial for the development of biomaterials. Therefore, polyhydroxyurethanes have been utilized, as their synthesis route allows for the carbonation of vegetable oils with carbon dioxide and the substitution of isocyanates known for their high toxicity, carcinogenicity, and petrochemical origin. In this study, polyhydroxyurethanes were obtained from carbonated soybean oil in combination with two diamines, one that is aliphatic (1,4-butadiamine (putrescine)) and another that is cycloaliphatic (1,3-cyclohexanobis(methylamine)). Four polyhydroxyurethanes were obtained, showing stability in hydrolytic and oxidative media, thermal stability above 200 °C, tensile strength between 0.9 and 1.1 MPa, an elongation at break between 81 and 222%, a water absorption rate up 102%, and contact angles between 63.70 and 101.39. New formulations of bio-based NIPHUs can be developed with the inclusion of a cycloaliphatic diamine (CHM) for the improvement of mechanical properties, which represents a more sustainable process for obtaining NIPHUs with the physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties required for the preparation of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morales-González
- Doctoral Program in Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia;
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group (GEMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia;
| | - Manuel F. Valero
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group (GEMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia;
| | - Luis E. Díaz
- Bioprospecting Research Group (GIBP), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
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Carbajo-Gordillo AI, Benito E, Galbis E, Grosso R, Iglesias N, Valencia C, Lucas R, García-Martín MG, de-Paz MV. Simultaneous Formation of Polyhydroxyurethanes and Multicomponent Semi-IPN Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:880. [PMID: 38611138 PMCID: PMC11013152 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces an efficient strategy for synthesizing polyhydroxyurethane-based multicomponent hydrogels with enhanced rheological properties. In a single-step process, 3D materials composed of Polymer 1 (PHU) and Polymer 2 (PVA or gelatin) were produced. Polymer 1, a crosslinked polyhydroxyurethane (PHU), grew within a colloidal solution of Polymer 2, forming an interconnected network. The synthesis of Polymer 1 utilized a Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) methodology based on the aminolysis of bis(cyclic carbonate) (bisCC) monomers derived from 1-thioglycerol and 1,2-dithioglycerol (monomers A and E, respectively). This method, applied for the first time in Semi-Interpenetrating Network (SIPN) formation, demonstrated exceptional orthogonality since the functional groups in Polymer 2 do not interfere with Polymer 1 formation. Optimizing PHU formation involved a 20-trial methodology, identifying influential variables such as polymer concentration, temperature, solvent (an aprotic and a protic solvent), and the organo-catalyst used [a thiourea derivative (TU) and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)]. The highest molecular weights were achieved under near-bulk polymerization conditions using TU-protic and DBU-aprotic as catalyst-solvent combinations. Monomer E-based PHU exhibited higher Mw¯ than monomer A-based PHU (34.1 kDa and 16.4 kDa, respectively). Applying the enhanced methodology to prepare 10 multicomponent hydrogels using PVA or gelatin as the polymer scaffold revealed superior rheological properties in PVA-based hydrogels, exhibiting solid-like gel behavior. Incorporating monomer E enhanced mechanical properties and elasticity (with loss tangent values of 0.09 and 0.14). SEM images unveiled distinct microstructures, including a sponge-like pattern in certain PVA-based hydrogels when monomer A was chosen, indicating the formation of highly superporous interpenetrated materials. In summary, this innovative approach presents a versatile methodology for obtaining advanced hydrogel-based systems with potential applications in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Carbajo-Gordillo
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - Elena Benito
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - Elsa Galbis
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - Roberto Grosso
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - Nieves Iglesias
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus El Carmen, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Center, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lucas
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - M.-Gracia García-Martín
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
| | - M.-Violante de-Paz
- Dpto. Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (R.L.); (M.-G.G.-M.)
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Li L, Zhao B, Hang G, Gao Y, Hu J, Zhang T, Zheng S. Polyhydroxyurethane and Poly(ethylene oxide) Multiblock Copolymer Networks: Crosslinking with Polysilsesquioxane, Reprocessing and Solid Polyelectrolyte Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4634. [PMID: 38139886 PMCID: PMC10747941 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This contribution reports the synthesis of polyhydroxyurethane (PHU)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) multiblock copolymer networks crosslinked with polysilsesquioxane (PSSQ). First, the linear PHU-PEO multiblock copolymers were synthesized via the step-growth polymerization of bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) (B6CC) with α,ω-diamino-terminated PEOs with variable molecular weights. Thereafter, the PHU-PEO copolymers were allowed to react with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (IPTS) to afford the derivatives bearing triethoxysilane moieties, the hydrolysis and condensation of which afforded the PHU-PEO networks crosslinked with PSSQ. It was found that the PHU-PEO networks displayed excellent reprocessing properties in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonate [Zn(OTf)2]. Compared to the PHU networks crosslinked via the reaction of difunctional cyclic carbonate with multifunctional amines, the organic-inorganic PHU networks displayed the decreased reprocessing temperature. The metathesis of silyl ether bonds is responsible for the improved reprocessing behavior. By adding lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf), the PHU-PEO networks were further transformed into the solid polymer electrolytes. It was found that the crystallization of PEO chains in the crosslinked networks was significantly suppressed. The solid polymer electrolytes had the ionic conductivity as high as 7.64 × 10-5 S × cm-1 at 300 K. More importantly, the solid polymer electrolytes were recyclable; the reprocessing did not affect the ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Hong S, Kim KA, Ryu Y, Lee W, Kim Y, Cha HG. Facile and Efficient Production of Biomass-Derived Isosorbide Dioxides via Epoxidation Using In situ-generated DMDO under Ultrasonication. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300744. [PMID: 37792858 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a facile synthetic process for producing biomass-derived isosorbide (ISB) dioxides using dimethyl dioxirane (DMDO) as an efficient oxidizing agent, which was generated in situ from acetone and KHSO5 . To achieve high conversion and product yield, the KHSO5 concentration, KHSO5 flow rate, and reaction temperature were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, rapid and efficient epoxidation using the in situ-generated DMDO was observed under ultrasonication, yielding the desired product within 35 min at 0 °C. This study offers a convenient and efficient method for generating biomass-derived ISB building blocks, which have significant potential for the fabrication of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Hong
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-An Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gil Cha
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
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Recent Progress of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Foam and Their Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020254. [PMID: 36679134 PMCID: PMC9866265 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are a significant group of polymeric foam materials. Thanks to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, they are implemented successfully in a wide range of applications. Conventionally, PUFs are obtained in polyaddition reactions between polyols, diisoycyanate, and water to get a CO2 foaming agent. The toxicity of isocyanate has attracted considerable attention from both scientists and industry professionals to explore cleaner synthesis routes for polyurethanes excluding the use of isocyanate. The polyaddition of cyclic carbonates (CCs) and polyfunctional amines in the presence of an external blowing agent or by self-blowing appears to be the most promising route to substitute the conventional PUFs process and to produce isocyanate-free polyurethane foams (NIPUFs). Especially for polyhydroxyurethane foams (PHUFs), the use of a blowing agent is essential to regenerate the gas responsible for the creation of the cells that are the basis of the foam. In this review, we report on the use of different blowing agents, such as Poly(methylhydrogensiloxane) (PHMS) and liquid fluorohydrocarbons for the preparation of NIPUFs. Furthermore, the preparation of NIPUFs using the self-blowing technique to produce gas without external blowing agents is assessed. Finally, various biologically derived NIPUFs are presented, including self-blown NIPUFs and NIPUFs with an external blowing agent.
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Chelike DK, Gurusamy Thangavelu SA. Biodegradable isocyanate-free polyurethane films via a noncatalytic route: facile modified polycaprolactone triol and biobased diamine as precursors. RSC Adv 2022; 13:309-319. [PMID: 36605652 PMCID: PMC9766200 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05710g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile synthesis of isocyanate free polyurethanes (PU) was executed by the reaction of biodegradable cyclic carbonate and sustainable diamines generated via chemical modification. The biodegradable polyol polycaprolactone triol (PCL) was transformed into a new glycerol carbonate derivative, PCL-(COOGC)3, and subjected to polyaddition with the diamines linalool diamine (LLDA), isosorbide diamine (ISODA) and hexamethylene diamine (HDA). Polyaddition of PCL-(COOGC)3 with the above diamine precursors was conducted via a one-pot reaction under catalyst-free reaction conditions prior to film casting. The above precursors were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, high-resolution mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas the PU films were studied by attenuated total reflectance-FTIR spectroscopy, solid state 13C NMR, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. High onset degradation temperature (T d) values were observed for the PU films PU-1 (345.8 °C), PU-2 (309.6 °C) and PU-3 (344.6 °C), and further studies, including cross-link density, water contact angle, swelling behaviour and biodegradation (phosphate-buffered saline medium, pH = 7.2 at 45 °C) measurements, were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chelike
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurChennai 603 203Tamil NaduIndia
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