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Tateyama A, Nagura K, Yamanaka M, Nakanishi T. Alkyl-π Functional Molecular Gels: Control of Elastic Modulus and Improvement of Electret Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402874. [PMID: 38512717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of optoelectronically-active soft materials is drawing attention to the application of soft electronics. A room-temperature solvent-free liquid obtained by modifying a π-conjugated moiety with flexible yet bulky alkyl chains is a promising functional soft material. Tuning the elastic modulus (G') is essential for employing optoelectronically-active alkyl-π liquids in deformable devices. However, the range of G' achieved through the molecular design of alkyl-π liquids is limited. We report herein a method for controlling G' of alkyl-π liquids by gelation. Adding 1 wt % low-molecular-weight gelator formed the alkyl-π functional molecular gel (FMG) and increased G' of alkyl-π liquids by up to seven orders of magnitude while retaining the optical properties. Because alkyl-π FMGs have functional π-moieties in the gel medium, this new class of gels has a much higher content of π-moieties of up to 59 wt % compared to conventional π-gels of only a few wt %. More importantly, the gel state has a 23 % higher charge-retention capacity than the liquid, providing better performance in deformable mechanoelectric generator-electret devices. The strategy used in this study is a novel approach for developing next-generation optoelectronically-active FMG materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Tateyama
- Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagura
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamanaka
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University (MPU), 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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Chevigny R, Rahkola H, Sitsanidis ED, Korhonen E, Hiscock JR, Pettersson M, Nissinen M. Solvent-Induced Transient Self-Assembly of Peptide Gels: Gelator-Solvent Reactions and Material Properties Correlation. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:407-416. [PMID: 38222938 PMCID: PMC10782441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a new methodology for designing transient organogels that offers tunability of the mechanical properties simply by matching the protective groups of the precursor to that of the solvent. We developed solvent-induced transient materials in which the solvent chemically participates in a set of reactions and actively supports the assembly event. The activation of a single precursor by an acid (accelerator) yields the formation of two distinct gelators and induces gelation. The interconversion cycle is supplied by the secondary solvent (originating from hydrolysis of the primary solvent by the accelerator), which then progressively solubilizes the gel network. We show that this gelation method offers a direct correlation between the mechanical and transient properties by modifying the chemical structure of the precursors and the presence of an accelerator in the system. Such a method paves the way for the design of self-abolishing and mechanically tunable materials for targeted purposes. The biocompatibility and versatility of amino acid-based gelators can offer a wide range of biomaterials for applications requiring a controllable and definite lifetime such as drug delivery platforms exhibiting a burst release or self-abolishing cell culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chevigny
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henna Rahkola
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Efstratios D. Sitsanidis
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elsa Korhonen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jennifer R. Hiscock
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maija Nissinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Azyat K, Makeiff D, Smith B, Wiebe M, Launspach S, Wagner A, Kulka M, Godbert N. The Effect of Branched Alkyl Chain Length on the Properties of Supramolecular Organogels from Mono- N-Alkylated Primary Oxalamides. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010005. [PMID: 36661773 PMCID: PMC9858617 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-N-alkylated primary oxalamide derivatives with different sized branched alkyl tail-groups were excellent low molecular weight gelators for a variety of different organic solvents with different polarities and hydrogen-bonding abilities. Solvent-gelator interactions were analyzed using Hansen solubility parameters, while 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were used to probe the driving forces for the supramolecular gelation. The molecular structures of the twin tail-groups did not significantly affect the supramolecular gelation behavior in different solvents. However, for select solvents, the molecular structures of the tail-groups did have a significant effect on gel properties such as the critical gelator concentration, thermal stability, gel stiffness, gel strength, network morphology, and molecular packing. Finally, metabolic activity studies showed that the primary alkyl oxalamide gelators had no effect on the metabolic activity of mouse immune cells, which suggests that the compounds are not cytotoxic and are suitable for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Azyat
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Darren Makeiff
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Bradley Smith
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mickie Wiebe
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Steve Launspach
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ashley Wagner
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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4
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Dehuri S, Mishra SK, Bag B. Chain length effect of spiro-ring N-alkylation on photophysical signalling parameters in Fe(III) selective rhodamine probes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3967-3979. [PMID: 35502831 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manifestation of photophysical signalling parameters in rhodamine derivatives exhibiting complexation induced spiro-ring opening is crucial for the realization of selective metal ion detection at trace levels. Substitution of various functional groups, such as alkylation to the core architecture, modulates the physico-chemical properties of such molecular probes. Despite a few studies, relationships between the extent of photophysical signal modulations and the chain lengths of n-alkyl substituents are still elusive. In this investigation, a few molecular probes based on the rhodamine B (1-5) and rhodamine 6G (6-10) platform were synthesized by their derivatization with n-alkyl substituents of varying chain lengths at the amino-donor of their spiro-ring end, which exhibited Fe(III)-selective absorption and fluorescence 'off-on' signal transduction along with colorization of solution. The Fe(III)-selectivity in these probes remained the same despite their structural distinctions through varied n-alkyl chain lengths of the substituents; however, the quantifiable signalling parameters such as spectroscopic enhancement factors, sensitivity, the kinetics of spiro-ring opening and effectiveness of probe-Fe(III) interactions were analyzed. These parameters were also correlated in terms of the influence of different chain lengths of n-alkyl substituents that efficiently contributed to their inter-componential interactive stereo-electronic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakanta Dehuri
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Odisha, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Odisha, India.
| | - Bamaprasad Bag
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Odisha, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
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Sumitani R, Yamanaka M, Mochida T. On-demand gelation of ionic liquids using photoresponsive organometallic gelators. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3479-3486. [PMID: 35437552 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reversible formation of ionic liquid gels, or ionogels, upon external stimuli could improve their versatility and expand their application scope in electronic, biomedical, and micro-engineering systems. Herein, we developed organometallic compounds that release low-molecular-weight gelators upon photoirradiation, which facilitate the on-demand photogelation of ionic liquids (ILs). The chemical formulae of the gelator-coordinated complexes are [Ru(C5H5)L]X (L = C6H5NHCONHC12H25; X = PF6, B(CN)4). Each of the complexes were ILs that are easy to synthesize and miscible in ILs. By adding a small amount of the complex, various ILs were transformed to gels upon UV photoirradiation. The PF6 salt allowed the photogelation of ILs with coordinating substituents, whereas the B(CN)4 salt allowed the photogelation of non-coordinating ILs, albeit the reaction was slower. These gels underwent the reverse reaction and liquefied back when heated, and the photogelation was repeatable for ILs with coordinating cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sumitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Yamanaka
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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