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Hu L, Zheng H, Yang S, Liu X, Du YM, Li J, Wang H, Sun K. Thermal-to-Electrical Conversion Based on Salinity Gradient Driven by Evaporation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311129. [PMID: 38319033 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Constructing concentration differences between anions and cations at the ends of an ionic conductor is an effective strategy in electricity generation for powering wearable devices. Temperature gradient or salinity gradient is the driving force behind such devices. But their corresponding power generation devices are greatly limited in actual application due to their complex structure and harsh application conditions. In this study, a novel ionic concentration gradient electric generator based on the evaporation difference of the electrolyte is proposed. The device can be constructed without the need for semipermeable membranes, and operation does not need to build a temperature difference. As a demonstration, a PVA-Na ionic hydrogel is prepared as an electrolyte for the device and achieved a thermovoltage of more than 200 mV and an energy density of 77.94 J m-2 at 323 K. Besides, the device exhibits the capability to sustain a continuous voltage output for a duration exceeding 1500 min, as well as enabling charging and discharging cycles for 100 iterations. For practical applications, a module comprising 16 sub-cells is constructed and successfully utilized to directly power a light-emitting diode. Wearable devices and their corresponding cell modules are also developed to recycle body heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Zheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Meng Du
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Jinao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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Zhao W, Zheng Y, Jiang M, Sun T, Huang A, Wang L, Jiang W, Zhang Q. Exceptional n-type thermoelectric ionogels enabled by metal coordination and ion-selective association. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk2098. [PMID: 37878706 PMCID: PMC10599631 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid-based ionogels emerge as promising candidates for efficient ionic thermoelectric conversion due to their quasi-solid state, giant thermopower, high flexibility, and good stability. P-type ionogels have shown impressive performance; however, the development of n-type ionogels lags behind. Here, an n-type ionogel consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium salt, and ionic liquid is developed. Strong coordination of lithium ion with ether oxygen and the anion-rich clusters generated by ion-preferential association promote rapid transport of the anions and boost Eastman entropy change, resulting in a huge negative ionic Seebeck coefficient (-15 millivolts per kelvin) and a high electrical conductivity (1.86 millisiemens per centimeter) at 50% relative humidity. Moreover, dynamic and reversible interactions among the ternary mixtures endow the ionogel with fast autonomous self-healing capability and green recyclability. All PEO-based ionic thermoelectric modules are fabricated, which exhibits outstanding thermal responses (-80 millivolts per kelvin for three p-n pairs), demonstrating great potential for low-grade energy harvesting and ultrasensitive thermal sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiwei Zheng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
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Schmidl G, Jia G, Gawlik A, Lorenz P, Zieger G, Dellith J, Diegel M, Plentz J. Copper Iodide on Spacer Fabrics as Textile Thermoelectric Device for Energy Generation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:13. [PMID: 36614351 PMCID: PMC9821746 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The integration of electronic functionalities into textiles for use as wearable sensors, energy harvesters, or coolers has become increasingly important in recent years. A special focus is on efficient thermoelectric materials. Copper iodide as a p-type thermoelectrically active, nontoxic material is attractive for energy harvesting and energy generation because of its transparency and possible high-power factor. The deposition of CuI on polyester spacer fabrics by wet chemical processes represents a great potential for use in textile industry for example as flexible thermoelectric energy generators in the leisure or industrial sector as well as in medical technologies. The deposited material on polyester yarn is investigated by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and by thermoelectric measurements. The Seebeck coefficient was observed between 112 and 153 µV/K in a temperature range between 30 °C and 90 °C. It is demonstrated that the maximum output power reached 99 nW at temperature difference of 65.5 K with respect to room temperature for a single textile element. However, several elements can be connected in series and the output power can be linear upscaled. Thus, CuI coated on 3D spacer fabrics can be attractive to fabricate thermoelectric devices especially in the lower temperature range for textile medical or leisure applications.
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Wu Z, Wang B, Li J, Wu R, Jin M, Zhao H, Chen S, Wang H. Advanced Bacterial Cellulose Ionic Conductors with Gigantic Thermopower for Low-Grade Heat Harvesting. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8152-8160. [PMID: 36219168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors such as polymer electrolytes and ionic liquids have high thermoelectric voltages several orders of magnitude higher than electronic thermoelectric materials, while their conductivity is much lower than the latter. This work reports a novel approach to achieve high-performance ionic conductors using calcium ion (Ca2+) coordinated bacterial cellulose (CaBC) through molecular channel engineering. Through the coordination of Ca2+ with cellulose molecular chain, the distance between the cellulose molecular chains is widened, so that ions can transport along the cellulose molecular chain. Therefore, we reported ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) material based on CaBC/NaCl with a relatively high ionic Seebeck coefficient of -27.2 mV K-1 and high ionic conductivity of 204.2 mS cm-1. This ionic hydrogel is promising in the design of high-thermopower i-TE materials for low-grade heat energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtian Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
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