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Cui W, Liu S. Optimization of adaptation parameters from adhesion cell culture in serum-containing media to suspension in chemically defined media by superlative box design. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:39-52. [PMID: 38304631 PMCID: PMC10828141 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A new design of experiments-superlative box design (SBD), was adopted to optimize the adaptation of Chinese hamster ovary cells from adhesion culture to serum-free suspension culture. It is a general trend to use a serum-free medium instead of a serum-containing medium. The advantage of serum-free medium (chemically defended) is that it does not contain unknown components and avoids safety issues. SBD requires fewer experiments while ensuring a sufficient number of experiments and uniformity in the distribution of experiments amongst all the factors. Six factors were considered in this experimental design with 43 runs plus three more repeating center runs. The cell line was adapted to serum-free media by gradually reducing serum, and from adherent to suspension by rotating at various speeds in a shake flask. Response surface methodology was applied to find the optimum condition. The optimized cell density reached 7.02 × 105 cells/mL, calculated by the quadratic model. Experiments validated the predicted cell adaptation with the maximum cell density. Three suspension runs were selected randomly to perform in the bioreactor to validate cell stability and production homogeneity. This study provides an efficient method to transfer adherent cells to suspension cells and is the first to successfully use SBD and establish a parameter quadratic optimization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
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Irreversible and reversible impact on cellular behavior upon intra-experimental process parameter shifts in a CHO semi-continuous perfusion process. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Hua J, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, Ge J, Liu M, Wang Y, Shi Y, Hou L, Jiang H. Adaptation process of engineered cell line FCHO/IL-24 stably secreted rhIL-24 in serum-free suspension culture. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106154. [PMID: 35970490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) displays tumor cell-specific proliferation inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant human IL-24 (rhIL-24) has significantly higher activity, yet significantly lower expression level in mammalian cells than in bacteria. To further realize therapeutic potential of IL-24, we enhanced rhIL-24 expression in mammalian cell systems by adapting engineered Flp-InTMCHO/IL-24 (FCHO/IL-24) cells (adherent cultured in Ham's F12 medium with 10% serum) to serum-free suspension culture. First, MTT assay showed that among four different media (F12, DMEM/F12, 1640 and DMEM), DMEM/F12 medium was the most suitable media for lower-serum adherent culture. Then, cells were adherently cultured in DMEM/F12 with serum concentration reduced from 10% to 0.5% in a gradient manner. Compared to cells in 10% serum, cells in 0.5% serum displayed significantly lower relative cell viability by 40%, increased G0/G1 phase arrest (8.5 ± 2.4%, p < 0.05), decreased supernatant rhIL-24 concentration by 73%, and altered metabolite profiles, such as glucose, lactate and ammonia concentration. Next, the cells were directly adapted to 0.5% serum suspension culture in 125 mL shake flask at 119 rpm with the optimal cell seeding density of 5 × 105 cells/mL (3.3 times higher than that of adherent culture), under which the concentration of rhIL-24 in culture medium was stable at 3.5 ng/mL. Finally, cells adapted to 0.5% serum proliferated better in serum-free medium Eden™-B300S with higher rhIL-24 expression level compared to CDM4CHO. The successful adaptation of engineered cells FCHO/IL-24 laid foundation for adapting cells from adherent culture to suspension serum-free culture to mass produce rhIL-24 protein for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Hua
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yuexian Wei
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Hanli Xu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Jianlin Ge
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Mengzhe Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yinan Shi
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lingling Hou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Jang M, Pete ES, Bruheim P. The impact of serum-free culture on HEK293 cells: From the establishment of suspension and adherent serum-free adaptation cultures to the investigation of growth and metabolic profiles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:964397. [PMID: 36147538 PMCID: PMC9485887 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.964397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum-free cultures are preferred for application in clinical cell therapy and facilitate the purification processes of bioproducts, such as vaccines and recombinant proteins. It can replace traditional cell culture - eliminating potential issues posed by animal-derived serum supplementation, such as lot to lot variation and risks of pathogen infection from the host animal. However, adapting cells to serum-free conditions can be challenging and time-consuming, and is cell line and medium dependent. In addition, the knowledge of the impact of serum-free culture on cellular metabolism is limited. Herein, we successfully established serum-free suspension and adherent cultures through two adaptation procedures for HEK293 cells in serum-free Freestyle 293 medium. Furthermore, growth kinetics and intracellular metabolic profiles related to central carbon metabolism were investigated. The entire adaptation procedure took 1 month, and high cell viability (>90%) was maintained throughout. The serum-free adherent culture showed the best growth performance, measured as the highest cell density and growth rate. The largest differences in metabolic profiles were observed between culture modes (adherent vs. suspension), followed by culture medium condition (control growth medium vs. serum-free medium). Metabolic differences related to the adaptation procedures were only seen in suspension cultures. Interestingly, the intracellular itaconate concentration was significantly higher in suspension cells compared to adherent cells. Furthermore, when the cells back-adapted from serum-free to serum-supplemented control medium, their metabolic profiles were immediately reversed, highlighting the effect of extracellular components on metabolic phenotype. This study provides strategies for efficient serum-free cultivation and deeper insights into the cellular responses related to growth and metabolism responses to diverse culture conditions.
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Marigliani B, Balottin LBL, Augusto EDFP. Adaptation of Mammalian Cells to Chemically Defined Media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 82:e88. [PMID: 31756045 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to circumvent ethical, technical, and economic drawbacks regarding the use of animal serum in cell culturing, it is possible to adapt mammalian cells to serum-free media. Nowadays, there are several serum-free formulations available, including fully animal derived-free and chemically defined media, and different adaptation techniques. This article focuses on the gradual adaptation of a mammalian suspension cell culture to a chemically defined medium. The first step is to transfer the cells cultured in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to a chemically defined medium of your choice, containing the same amount of FBS. The next steps consist of progressively reducing the amount of FBS, while monitoring cell growth and viability up to the complete elimination of FBS. This protocol has been successfully used to adapt THP-1 cells to a chemically defined medium with similar maximum specific growth rate as those cultured with FBS. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol: Gradual adaptation to chemically defined medium Alternate Protocol: Direct adaptation to chemically defined medium Support Protocol 1: Determining maximum specific growth rate of a cell culture Support Protocol 2: Cell freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marigliani
- PRONAMETRO, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciene Bottentuit López Balottin
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth de Fatima Pires Augusto
- Department of Science and Technology, Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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