1
|
Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Advances in the microbial synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12584-3. [PMID: 37326681 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin, as a monoamine neurotransmitter, modulates the activity of the nervous system. Due to its importance in the coordination of movement and regulation of mood, impairments in the synthesis and homeostasis of serotonin are involved in numerous disorders, including depression, Parkinson's disease, and anxiety. Currently, serotonin is primarily obtained via natural extraction. But this method is time-consuming and low yield, as well as unstable supply of raw materials. With the development of synthetic biology, researchers have established the method of microbial synthesis of serotonin. Compared with natural extraction, microbial synthesis has the advantages of short production cycle, continuous production, not limited by season and source, and environment-friendly; hence, it has garnered considerable research attention. However, the yield of serotonin is still too low to industrialization. Therefore, this review provides the latest progress and examples that illustrate the synthesis pathways of serotonin as well as proposes strategies for increasing the production of serotonin. KEY POINTS: • Two biosynthesis pathways of serotonin are introduced. • L-tryptophan hydroxylation is the rate-limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis. • Effective strategies are proposed to improve serotonin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Li Y, Yang Y, Xiao C, Ruan Q, Li P, Zhou Q, Sheng M, Hao X, Kai G. Comprehensive analysis of OpHD-ZIP transcription factors related to the regulation of camptothecin biosynthesis in Ophiorrhiza pumila. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124910. [PMID: 37217041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ophiorrhiza pumila, as a folk herb belonging to the Rubiaceae family, has become a potential source of camptothecin (CPT), which is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with good antitumor property. However, the camptothecin content in this herb is low, and is far from meeting the increasing clinical demand. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of camptothecin biosynthesis provides an effective strategy for improvement of camptothecin yield. Previous studies have demonstrated several transcription factors that are related to camptothecin biosynthesis, while the functions of HD-ZIP members in O. pumila have not been investigated yet. In this study, 32 OpHD-ZIP transcription factor members were genome-wide identified. Phylogenetic tree showed that these OpHD-ZIP proteins are divided into four subfamilies. Based on the transcriptome data, nine OpHD-ZIP genes were shown to be predominantly expressed in O. pumila roots, which were in line with the camptothecin biosynthetic genes. Co-expression analysis showed that OpHD-ZIP7 and OpHD-ZIP20 were potentially related to the modulation of camptothecin biosynthesis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays (Dual-LUC) showed that both OpHD-ZIP7 and OpHD-ZIP20 could activate the expression of camptothecin biosynthetic genes OpIO and OpTDC. In conclusion, this study offered the promising data for exploring the roles of OpHD-ZIP transcription factors in regulating camptothecin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yinkai Yang
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chengyu Xiao
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qingyan Ruan
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao X, Wang C, Zhou W, Ruan Q, Xie C, Yang Y, Xiao C, Cai Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Maoz I, Kai G. OpNAC1 transcription factor regulates the biosynthesis of the anticancer drug camptothecin by targeting loganic acid O-methyltransferase in Ophiorrhiza pumila. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:133-149. [PMID: 36194508 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is an anticancer pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid widely used to treat cancer patients worldwide. However, the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation of camptothecin are largely unknown. Ophiorrhiza pumila, the herbaceous plant from the Rubiaceae family, has emerged as a model plant for studying camptothecin biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, a high-quality reference genome of O. pumila with estimated size of ~456.90 Mb was reported, and the accumulation level of camptothecin in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves. Based on its spatial distribution in the plant, we examined gene functions and expression by combining genomics with transcriptomic analysis. Two loganic acid O-methyltransferase (OpLAMTs) were identified in strictosidine-producing plant O. pumila, and enzyme catalysis assays showed that OpLAMT1 and not OpLAMT2 could convert loganic acid into loganin. Further knock-out of OpLAMT1 expression led to the elimination of loganin and camptothecin accumulation in O. pumila hairy roots. Four key residues were identified in OpLAMT1 protein crucial for the catalytic activity of loganic acid to loganin. By co-expression network, we identified a NAC transcription factor, OpNAC1, as a candidate gene for regulating camptothecin biosynthesis. Transgenic hairy roots and biochemical assays demonstrated that OpNAC1 suppressed OpLAMT1 expression. Here, we reported on two camptothecin metabolic engineering strategies paving the road for industrial-scale production of camptothecin in CPT-producing plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qingyan Ruan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chenhong Xie
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yinkai Yang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengyu Xiao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Rd 68, POB 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Commisso M, Negri S, Gecchele E, Fazion E, Pontoriero C, Avesani L, Guzzo F. Indolamine accumulation and TDC/ T5H expression profiles reveal the complex and dynamic regulation of serotonin biosynthesis in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975434. [PMID: 36035661 PMCID: PMC9405198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tryptamine and serotonin are indolamines that fulfill diverse biological functions in all kingdoms of life. Plants convert l-tryptophan into tryptamine and then serotonin via consecutive decarboxylation and hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by the enzymes tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H). Tryptamine and serotonin accumulate to high levels in the edible fruits and seeds of many plant species, but their biological roles in reproductive organs remain unclear and the metabolic pathways have not been characterized in detail. We identified three TDC genes and a single T5H gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by homology-based screening and confirmed their activity by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The co-analysis of targeted metabolomics and gene expression data revealed complex spatiotemporal gene expression and metabolite accumulation patterns that suggest the involvement of the serotonin pathway in multiple biological processes. Our data support a model in which SlTDC1 allows tryptamine to accumulate in fruits, SlTDC2 causes serotonin to accumulate in aerial vegetative organs, and SlTDC3 works with SlT5H to convert tryptamine into serotonin in the roots and fruits.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan L, Liao W, Chen Z, Li S, Yang A, Chen MM, Liu H, Liu F. In vitro and in vivo anti-lymphoma effects of Ophiorrhiza pumila extract. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3801-3812. [PMID: 35504024 PMCID: PMC9134945 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current therapeutic strategies on patients with lymphomas remains limited. Previously we found the suppressive effect of Ophiorrhiza pumila (OPE) on hepatocarcinoma. In present study, the effect of OPE on lymphoma in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Methods: CCK-8 assay was applied to detect the effect of OPE on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of OPE on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Xenograft mouse model was conducted to determine the anti-tumor activity of OPE. TNUEL assay was performed to detect the apoptosis in tumor tissues. Western blot and immuno-histochemistry were used to determine protein expression. Results: In vitro tests indicate that OPE suppressed A20 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. OPE treatment induced cell cycle arrest at S phase and elevated apoptosis in A20 cells. OPE displayed a significant inhibition in tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. OPE promoted apoptosis of tumor cell in the mouse model Cleaved caspase 3 expression and Bax/Bcl2 ratio were also enhanced. In addition, OPE suppressed A20 cell viability partially by reducing phosphorylation of EGFR. Conclusions: Our data showed that OPE suppressed the proliferation of lymphoma cells and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, which might be partially mediated by inactivating EGFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Fan
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanqin Liao
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zezhen Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Anping Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Min Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi M, Huang Q, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhu R, Zhang S, Kai G. Genome-wide survey of the GATA gene family in camptothecin-producing plant Ophiorrhiza pumila. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:256. [PMID: 35366818 PMCID: PMC8977026 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) is capable of producing camptothecin (CPT), one monoterpene indole alkaloid extensively employed in the treatment of multiple cancers. Transcription factors (TFs) GATA are a group of transcription regulators involved in plant development and metabolism, and show the feature of binding to the GATA motif within the promoters of target genes. However, GATA TFs have not been characterized in O. pumila. Result In this study, a total of 18 GATA genes classified into four subfamilies were identified, which randomly distributed on 11 chromosomes of O. pumila. Synteny analysis of GATA genes between O. pumila and other plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, and Catharanthus roseus genomes were analyzed. Tissue expression pattern revealed that OpGATA1 and OpGATA18 were found to be correlated with ASA, MK, CPR and GPPS, which were highly expressed in leaves. OpGATA7, showed high expression in roots as most of the CPT biosynthetic pathway genes did, suggesting that these OpGATAs may be potential candidates regulating CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila. Conclusions In this study, we systematically analyzed the OpGATA TFs, and provided insights into the involvement of OpGATA TFs from O. pumila in CPT biosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08484-x.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Chen X, Chen Q, Zhou N, Wang X, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Construction of cell factory capable of efficiently converting L-tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptamine. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:47. [PMID: 35331215 PMCID: PMC8944007 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Tryptophan (L-Trp) derivatives such as 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin are important molecules with pharmaceutical interest. Among, 5-HT is an inhibitory neurotransmitter with proven benefits for treating the symptoms of depression. At present, 5-HT depends on plant extraction and chemical synthesis, which limits its mass production and causes environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient, green and sustainable biosynthesis method to produce 5-HT. RESULTS Here we propose a one-pot production of 5-HT from L-Trp via two enzyme cascades for the first time. First, a chassis cell that can convert L-Trp into 5-HTP was constructed by heterologous expression of tryptophan hydroxylase from Schistosoma mansoni (SmTPH) and an artificial endogenous tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) module. Then, dopa decarboxylase from Harminia axyridis (HaDDC), which can specifically catalyse 5-HTP to 5-HT, was used for 5-HT production. The cell factory, E. coli BL21(DE3)△tnaA/BH4/HaDDC-SmTPH, which contains SmTPH and HaDDC, was constructed for 5-HT synthesis. The highest concentration of 5-HT reached 414.5 ± 1.6 mg/L (with conversion rate of 25.9 mol%) at the optimal conditions (substrate concentration,2 g/L; induced temperature, 25℃; IPTG concentration, 0.5 mM; catalysis temperature, 30℃; catalysis time, 72 h). CONCLUSIONS This protocol provided an efficient one-pot method for converting. L-Trp into 5-HT production, which opens up possibilities for the practical biosynthesis of natural 5-HT at an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China. .,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie X, Ding D, Bai D, Zhu Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Zhang D. Melatonin biosynthesis pathways in nature and its production in engineered microorganisms. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:544-553. [PMID: 35087957 PMCID: PMC8761603 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a biogenic amine that can be found in plants, animals and microorganism. The metabolic pathway of melatonin is different in various organisms, and biosynthetic endogenous melatonin acts as a molecular signal and antioxidant protection against external stress. Microbial synthesis pathways of melatonin are similar to those of animals but different from those of plants. At present, the method of using microorganism fermentation to produce melatonin is gradually prevailing, and exploring the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin to modify microorganism is becoming the mainstream, which has more advantages than traditional chemical synthesis. Here, we review recent advances in the synthesis, optimization of melatonin pathway. l-tryptophan is one of the two crucial precursors for the synthesis of melatonin, which can be produced through a four-step reaction. Enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis have low specificity and catalytic efficiency. Site-directed mutation, directed evolution or promotion of cofactor synthesis can enhance enzyme activity and increase the metabolic flow to promote microbial melatonin production. On the whole, the status and bottleneck of melatonin biosynthesis can be improved to a higher level, providing an effective reference for future microbial modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xie
- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116000, PR China
| | - Dongqin Ding
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Danyang Bai
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin University of science and technology, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Yumei Sun
- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116000, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Corresponding author. Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song C, Ma J, Li G, Pan H, Zhu Y, Jin Q, Cai Y, Han B. Natural Composition and Biosynthetic Pathways of Alkaloids in Medicinal Dendrobium Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850949. [PMID: 35599884 PMCID: PMC9121007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium is the second biggest genus in the Orchidaceae family, some of which have both ornamental and therapeutic values. Alkaloids are a group of active chemicals found in Dendrobium plants. Dendrobine has emerged specific pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Although Dendrobium alkaloids have been isolated and identified since the 1930s, the composition of alkaloids and their biosynthesis pathways, including metabolic intermediates, alkaloid transporters, concrete genes involved in downstream pathways, and associated gene clusters, have remained unresolved scientific issues. This paper comprehensively reviews currently identified and tentative alkaloids from the aspect of biogenic pathways or metabolic genes uncovered based on the genome annotations. The biosynthesis pathways of each class of alkaloids are highlighted. Moreover, advances of the high-throughput sequencing technologies in the discovery of Dendrobium alkaloid pathways have been addressed. Applications of synthetic biology in large-scale production of alkaloids are also described. This would serve as the basis for further investigation into Dendrobium alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Guohui Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Haoyu Pan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Qing Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Jin,
| | - Yongping Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Yongping Cai,
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Bangxing Han,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C, Hao X, Wang Y, Shi M, Zhou ZG, Kai G. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of the Teosinte Branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell Factors 1/2 Transcription Factors Related to Anti-cancer Drug Camptothecin Biosynthesis in Ophiorrhiza pumila. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746648. [PMID: 34691124 PMCID: PMC8529195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ophiorrhiza pumila (O. pumila; Op) is a medicinal herbaceous plant, which can accumulate camptothecin (CPT). CPT and its derivatives are widely used as chemotherapeutic drugs for treating malignant tumors. Its biosynthesis pathway has been attracted significant attention. Teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factors 1/2 (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) regulate a variety of physiological processes, while TCP TFs are involved in the regulation of CPT biosynthesis remain unclear. In this study, a systematic analysis of the TCP TFs family in O. pumila was performed. A total of 16 O. pumila TCP (OpTCP) genes were identified and categorized into two subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationships with those in Arabidopsis thaliana. Tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that nine OpTCP genes showed the highest expression levels in leaves, while the other seven OpTCPs showed a higher expression level in the stems. Co-expression, phylogeny analysis, and dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) assay revealed that OpTCP15 potentially plays important role in CPT and its precursor biosynthesis. In addition, the subcellular localization experiment of candidate OpTCP genes showed that they are all localized in the nucleus. Our study lays a foundation for further functional characterization of the candidate OpTCP genes involved in CPT biosynthesis regulation and provides new strategies for increasing CPT production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Negri S, Commisso M, Avesani L, Guzzo F. The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5336-5355. [PMID: 34009335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far from resolved, particularly the biological roles of tryptamine, the early serotonin precursor representing the central hub of many downstream indole alkaloids. Tryptophan decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of tryptamine, strictly regulates the flux of carbon and nitrogen from the tryptophan pool into the indolamine pathway. Furthermore, tryptamine accumulates to high levels in the reproductive organs of many plant species and therefore cannot be classed as a mere intermediate but rather as an end product with potentially important functions in fruits and seeds. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of tryptamine and its close relative serotonin, emphasizing the need for a clear understanding of the functions of, and mutual relations between, these indolamines and their biosynthesis pathways in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|