1
|
Safdar A, Ismail F, Imran M. Characterization of Detergent-Compatible Lipases from Candida albicans and Acremonium sclerotigenum under Solid-State Fermentation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32740-32751. [PMID: 37720795 PMCID: PMC10500658 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare and explore the potential of two distinct lipases at industrial levels after their production using wheat bran substrate in solid-state fermentation. Lipases from Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Acremonium sclerotigenum (A. sclerotigenum) were characterized to assess their compatibility and suitability for use in laundry detergents. The effects of pH, temperature, metal ions, inhibitors, organic solvents, and various commercially available detergents on these lipases were studied in order to compare their activity and stability profiles and check their stain removal ability. Both lipases remained stable across the wide pH (7-10) and temperature (30-50 °C) ranges. C. albicans lipase exhibited optimum activity (51.66 U/mL) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, while A. sclerotigenum lipase showed optimum activity (52.12 U/mL) at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. The addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions enhanced their activities, while sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) reduced their activities. Lipase from both strains showed tolerance to various organic solvents and considerable stability and compatibility with commercially available laundry detergents (>50%); however, A. sclerotigenum lipase performed slightly better. Characterization of these crude lipases showed nearly 60% relative activity after incubation for 2 h in various detergents, thus suggesting their potential to be employed in the formulation of laundry detergents with easy and efficient enzyme production. The production of thermostable and alkaline lipases from both strains makes them an attractive option for economic gain by lowering the amount of detergent to be used, thus reducing the chemical burden on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Safdar
- Department
of Biochemistry, The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Ismail
- Department
of Biochemistry, The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
dos Santos MMO, de Menezes LHS, do Espirito Santo EL, de Carvalho MS, Gonçalves MS, de Carvalho Tavares IM, Mendes AA, Ruiz HA, Salay LC, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Synthesis of hexyl butyrate (apple and citrus aroma) by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on Diaion HP-20 using the Box-Behnken design. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:689-696. [PMID: 37009043 PMCID: PMC10050618 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at the synthesis of hexyl butyrate by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilized on Diaion HP 20. The lipase load used was 28.7 ± 2.1 mg/g (mg of lipase/g of support), whose hydrolytic activity was 132.0 ± 2.5 U/g. To obtain the maximum production of hexyl butyrate, the Box-Behnken design statistical planning was used, having as independent variables; biocatalyst concentration, temperature and acid:alcohol molar ratio and ester conversion as a dependent variable at 60, 180 and 480 min. For 60 min, 90.8% conversion was obtained at 47.25 ºC, 1:1.4 molar ratio and 17.65% of biocatalyst; 180 min, 94.5% conversion at 59.5 ºC, 1:2 molar ratio and 15.8% biocatalyst; 480 min, 95.01% conversion at 47.0 ºC, 1:2 molar ratio and 16.9% biocatalyst. CRL-Diaion HP 20 retained 60% of its initial activity after ten cycles of reactions showing potential for industrial use. The ester produced was identified by gas chromatography analyses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01200-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marise Silva de Carvalho
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Gonçalves
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, 45700-000 Brazil
| | | | | | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, COAH Mexico
| | - Luiz Carlos Salay
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Won SJ, Yim JH, Kim HK. Synthesis of Short-Chain Alkyl Butyrate through Esterification Reaction Using Immobilized Rhodococcus Cutinase and Analysis of Substrate Specificity through Molecular Docking. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:268-276. [PMID: 36524336 PMCID: PMC9998203 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl butyrate with fruity flavor is known as an important additive in the food industry. We synthesized various alkyl butyrates from various fatty alcohol and butyric acid using immobilized Rhodococcus cutinase (Rcut). Esterification reaction was performed in a non-aqueous system including heptane, isooctane, hexane, and cyclohexane. As a result of performing the alkyl butyrate synthesis reaction using alcohols of various chain lengths, it was found that the preference for the alcohol substrate had the following order: C6 > C4 > C8 > C10 > C2. Through molecular docking analysis, it was found that the greater the hydrophobicity of alcohol, the higher the accessibility to the active site of the enzyme. However, since the number of torsions increased as the chain length increased, it became difficult for the hydroxyl oxygen of the alcohol to access the γO of serine at the enzyme active site. These molecular docking results were consistent with substrate preference results of the Rcut enzyme. The Rcut maintained the synthesis efficiency at least for 5 days in isooctane solvent. We synthesized as much as 452 mM butyl butyrate by adding 100 mM substrate daily for 5 days and performing the reaction. These results show that Rcut is an efficient enzyme for producing alkyl butyrate used in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jae Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kwoun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar A, Verma V, Dubey VK, Srivastava A, Garg SK, Singh VP, Arora PK. Industrial applications of fungal lipases: a review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142536. [PMID: 37187537 PMCID: PMC10175645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases EC 3.1.1.3) are significant industrial enzymes and have several applications in a number of industries and fields. Fungal lipases are found in several species of fungi and yeast. These enzymes are carboxylic acid esterases, categorized under the serine hydrolase family, and do not require any cofactor during the catalyzing of the reactions. It was also noticed that processes including the extraction and purification of lipases from fungi are comparatively easier and cheaper than other sources of lipases. In addition, fungal lipases have been classified into three chief classes, namely, GX, GGGX, and Y. Fungal lipases have applications not only in the hydrolysis of fats and oils (triglycerides) but are also involved in synthetic reactions such as esterification, acidolysis, alcoholysis, interesterification, and aminolysis. The production and activity of fungal lipases are highly affected by the carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH, metal ions, surfactants, and moisture content. Therefore, fungal lipases have several industrial and biotechnological applications in many fields such as biodiesel production, ester synthesis, production of biodegradable biopolymers, formulations of cosmetics and personal care products, detergent manufacturing, degreasing of leather, pulp and paper production, textile industry, biosensor development, and drug formulations and as a diagnostic tool in the medical sector, biodegradation of esters, and bioremediation of wastewater. The immobilization of fungal lipases onto different carriers also helps in improving the catalytic activities and efficiencies of lipases by increasing thermal and ionic stability (in organic solvents, high pH, and temperature), being easy to recycle, and inducing the volume-specific loading of the enzyme onto the support, and thus, these features have proved to be appropriate for use as biocatalysts in different sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinita Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vimal Kumar Dubey
- College of Agriculture Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Pankaj Kumar Arora
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Menezes LHS, Ramos MRMF, Araujo SC, Santo ELDE, Oliveira PC, Tavares IMDC, Santos PH, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Application of a constrained mixture design for lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 under solid-state fermentation and using agro-industrial wastes as substrate. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:885-893. [PMID: 34965202 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid state fermentation (SSF) simulates the natural conditions fungal growth, where the amount of water in the reaction medium must be restricted, thus limiting the use of liquid substrate. An analytical strategy to deal with this limitation is the design of blending with constraints. Thus, the objective of the work was to optimize two constrained waste mixtures for the production of lipase by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 under SSF, using different substrates that combine solid and liquid waste. For this, the best fermentation time was determined through a fermentative profile, afterwards a restricted-mix design with lower and upper limits of the components of mixture I (cocoa residue, solid palm oil residue and liquid palm oil residue) and II (cocoa residue, mango residue and palm oil residue liquid palm) was applied. By means of Pareto and contour graphs, the maximum production points of lipase in mixtures I (6.67 ± 0.34 U g-1) and II (6.87 ± 0.35 U g-1) were obtained. The restricted mixture design proved to be a promising tool in the production of lipase by P. roqueforti ATCC 10110 under SSF since the use of restrictions is useful when intending to combine solid and liquid residues in fermentation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabryna Couto Araujo
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Polyany Cabral Oliveira
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Itapetinga, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Henrique Santos
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrophobic support Accurel MP 1000 in the synthesis of emollient esters. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 44:89-99. [PMID: 34738223 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To immobilize Candida rugosa lipase in Accurel MP 1000 (CRL-AMP) by physical adsorption in organic medium and apply in the synthesis of wax esters dodecanoyl octadecanoate 1 and hexadecanoyl octadecanoate 2 in a heptane medium, as well as evaluating the stability and recyclability of CRL-AMP in six reaction cycles. RESULTS The specific activity (Asp) for CRL-AMP was 200 ± 20 U mg-1. Its catalytic activity was 1300 ± 100 U g-1. CRL-AMP was used in the synthesis of esters in heptane medium with a 1:1 acid:alcohol molar ratio at 45 °C and 200 rpm. In synthesis 1, conversion was 62.5 ± 3.9% in 30 min at 10% m v-1 and 56.9 ± 2.8% in 54 min at 5% m v-1; while in synthesis 2, conversion was 79.0 ± 3.9% in 24 min at 10% m v-1, and 46.0 ± 2.4% in 54 min at 5% m v-1. Reuse tests after six consecutive cycles of reaction showed that the biocatalyst retained approximately 50% of its original activity for both reaction systems. CONCLUSIONS CRL-AMP showed a high potential in the production of wax esters, since it started from low enzymatic load and high specific activities and conversions were obtained, in addition to allowing an increase in stability and recyclability of the prepared biocatalyst.
Collapse
|
7
|
Araujo SC, Ramos MRMF, do Espírito Santo EL, de Menezes LHS, de Carvalho MS, Tavares IMDC, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Optimization of lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 through solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residue based on a univariate analysis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:325-330. [PMID: 34261412 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1944203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are a class of enzymes with high industrial importance. An option for the production of this enzyme is through fungal growth via solid-state fermentation (SSF). Thus, this research presents a study of lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 through SSF using cocoa bran residues (Theobroma cacao) as a substrate. To achieve maximum lipase production, fermentation time (0 to 120 h) and palm oil (PO) percentage (0 to 50%) were optimized through analysis of one factor at a time (OFAT), with lipase activity as the response. The amount of cocoa was fixed (5 g), the incubation temperature was maintained at 27 °C, and the moisture content was established at 70%. For a 72 h incubation, the highest enzyme activity achieved using SSF without adding PO was 14.67 ± 1.47 U g-1, whereas with PO (30%), it was 33.33 ± 3.33 U g-1, thus demonstrating a 44% increase in enzyme activity. Through the OFAT methodology, it was possible to confirm that supplementation with palm residue was efficient and maximized the lipase of P. roqueforti ATCC 10110.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Couto Araujo
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soares GA, Alnoch RC, Silva Dias G, Santos Reis ND, Tavares IMDC, Ruiz HA, Bilal M, de Oliveira JR, Krieger N, Franco M. Production of a fermented solid containing lipases from Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 and its direct employment in organic medium in ethyl oleate synthesis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1284-1299. [PMID: 34021924 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The production and direct employment in organic medium in the ethyl-oleate synthesis of a fermented solid (FS) containing lipases by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 (PR10110) was investigated. For the production of this FS, the solid-state fermentation of different agroindustrial waste was used, such as: cocoa shell, sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane bagasse with cocoa shell, and cocoa shell with soybean oil and nutrient solution. The response surface methodology was used to study the effect of independent variables of initial moisture content and inductor concentration, as carbon source and inducer on lipase production. The characterization of the fermented solid in organic medium was also carried out. The highest lipase activity (53 ± 5 U g-1 ) was 16% higher than that obtained with the nonoptimized conditions. The characterization studies observed high stability of the FS in organic solvents for 5 h at 30°C, as well as at different temperatures, and the residual activity was measured against triolein. The FS was also able to catalyze ethyl-oleate synthesis maintaining high relative conversion over five reaction cycles of 96 h at 40°C in n-heptane. These results are promising and highlight the use of the FS containing PR10110 lipases for the first time in biocatalytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Glauco Silva Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nadabe Dos Santos Reis
- Techno-Science and Innovation Training Center, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | | | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuil, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Nadia Krieger
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amin M, Bhatti HN, Nawaz S, Bilal M. Penicillium fellutanum lipase as a green and ecofriendly biocatalyst for depolymerization of poly (ɛ-caprolactone): Biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:410-419. [PMID: 33559904 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases hold a prominent position in biocatalysis by their capability to mediate reactions in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Herein, a lipase from Penicillium fellutanum was biochemically characterized and investigated its potential to degrade poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). The lipase exhibited stability over a broad pH spectrum and performed best at pH 8.5 and 45 °C. The activation energy was determined to be 66.37 kJ/mol by Arrhenius plot, whereas Km and Vmax for pNPP hydrolysis were 0.75 mM and 83.33 μmol/mL/Min, respectively. A rise in temperature reduced the Gibbs free energy, whereas the enthalpy of thermal unfolding (∆H*) remains the same up to 54 °C following a modest decline at 61 °C. The entropy (∆S*) of the enzyme demonstrated an increasing trend up to 54 °C and dropped at 61 °C. Lipase retained stability by incubation with various industrially relevant organic solvents (benzene, hexanol, ether, and acetone). However, exposure to urea and guanidine hydrochloride influenced its catalytic activity to different extents. Under optimal operating conditions, lipase catalyzed the excellent degradation of PCL film degradation leading to 66% weight loss, increased surface erosion, and crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy studies monitored the weight loss after enzymatic hydrolysis. The findings indicate that P. fellutanum lipase would be a prospective biocatalytic system for polyesters depolymerization and environmental remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Nawaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|