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Abstract
The aim of this review is to assess the use of biosensors in the diagnosis and monitoring of joint infection (JI). JI is worldwide considered a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Due to the progressive ageing of the global population, the request for joint replacement increases, with a significant rise in the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Nowadays, the diagnosis of JI is based on clinical and radiological findings. Nuclear imaging studies are an option but are not cost-effective. Serum inflammatory markers and the analysis of the aspirated synovial fluid are required to confirm the diagnosis. However, a quick and accurate diagnosis of JI may remain elusive as no rapid and highly accurate diagnostic method was validated. A comprehensive search on Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAH, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted from the inception to June 2021. The PRISMA guidelines were used to improve the reporting of the review. The MINORS was used for quality assessment. From a total of 155 studies identified, only four articles were eligible for this study. The main advantages of biosensors reported were accuracy and capability to detect bacteria also in negative culture cases. Otherwise, due to the few studies and the low level of evidence of the papers included, it was impossible to find significant results. Therefore, further high-quality studies are required.
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Longo UG, Candela V, Berton A, De Salvatore S, Fioravanti S, Giannone L, Marchetti A, De Marinis MG, Denaro V. Biosensors for Detection of Biochemical Markers Relevant to Osteoarthritis. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:31. [PMID: 33561091 PMCID: PMC7912259 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the advantages of biosensors in detecting biomarkers for the early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease and is a leading cause of disability and pain worldwide. The diagnosis of OA could be performed through clinical examinations and imaging only during the late stages of the disease. Biomarkers could be used for the diagnosis of the disease in the very early stages. Biosensors could detect biomarkers with high accuracy and low costs. This paper focuses on the biosensors mainly adopted to detect OA markers (electrochemical, optical, Quartz crystal microbalance, molecular and wearable biosensors). A comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Embase databases was conducted from the inception to November 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to improve the reporting of the review. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used for quality assessment. From a total amount of 1086 studies identified, only 19 articles were eligible for this study. The main advantages of the biosensors reported were accuracy, limited cost and ease of use, compared to traditional methods (ELISA). Otherwise, due to the lack of data and the low level of evidence of the papers included, it was impossible to find significant results. Therefore, further high-quality studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (S.D.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (S.D.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (S.D.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Sergio De Salvatore
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (S.D.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Sara Fioravanti
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.D.M.)
| | - Lucia Giannone
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.D.M.)
| | - Anna Marchetti
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.D.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia De Marinis
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.D.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (S.D.S.); (V.D.)
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