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Ashok K, Nagaraja Bhargava C, Venkatesh R, Balasubramani V, Murugan M, Geethalakshmi V, Manamohan M, Kumar Jha G, Asokan R. Molecular characterization and CRISPR/Cas9 validation of the precursor of egg yolk protein gene, vitellogenin of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Gene 2024; 933:148925. [PMID: 39277149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg), a yolk protein precursor, plays an important role in the oocyte development of insects and is an important target of genetic pest management. Vg is synthesized in the fat body, transported through haemolymph and accumulates in developing oocytes. In this regard, the eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major pest in South and South East Asia and a serious concern for farmers. Therefore, in the present study, we have cloned and characterized Vg from L. orbonalis (LoVg) for further applications. The cloned Vg consisted of 5,370 base pairs encoding 1,790 amino acid residues long protein. Further, sequence alignment revealed that LoVg has three conserved domains: a Vitellogenin N domain (LPD-N), a domain of unknown function protein families (DUF1943), and a von Willebrand factor type D domain (VWD). Using phylogenetic analysis, it was found that LoVg evolved alongside homologous proteins from different insects. The real-time expression levels of LoVg were significantly greater in female adults followed by the pupal stage. This suggests that Vg production and absorption in L. orbonalis occurs in the later pupal stage. Our studies showed that editing LoVg using CRISPR/Cas9 did not affect the total number of eggs laid but affected egg hatchability. These studies help us to design newer approaches in insect pest management through genetic suppression for sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannasamy Ashok
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chikmagalur Nagaraja Bhargava
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendran Venkatesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellingiri Geethalakshmi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maligeppagol Manamohan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish Kumar Jha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramasamy Asokan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Kariyanna B, Bheemanna M, Pal S, Sarkar S, Mandal R. Genetic Variation and Molecular Tools for the Management of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). GENETIC METHODS AND TOOLS FOR MANAGING CROP PESTS 2022:391-407. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0264-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Wang H, Guo H, Wang N, Huo YX. Toward the Heterologous Biosynthesis of Plant Natural Products: Gene Discovery and Characterization. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2784-2795. [PMID: 34757715 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) represent a vast and diverse group of natural products, which have wide applications such as emulsifiers in cosmetics, sweeteners in foods, and active ingredients in medicines. Large-scale production of certain PNPs (e.g., artemisinin, taxol) has been implemented by reconstruction of biosynthetic pathways in heterologous hosts. However, unknown biosynthetic pathways greatly restrict wide applications of heterologous production of PNPs of interest. With the rapid development of sequencing and multiomics analysis technologies, huge amounts of omics data, i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have been deposited in public databases, which is a precious resource for identification of the unknown biosynthetic pathway of PNPs. Herein, we have enumerated the approaches which have been widely used to screen candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of PNPs of interest. We also discuss recent developments in the characterization of putative genes and elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Bragard C, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Gregoire J, Malumphy C, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, MacLeod A. Pest categorisation of Leucinodes orbonalis. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06890. [PMID: 34804235 PMCID: PMC8586846 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), for the territory of the EU. L. orbonalis is a tropical and sub-tropical species native to Asia and Australia with India considered its centre of origin. Following taxonomic revision, literature reporting L. orbonalis from sub-Saharan Africa should be regarded as referring to members of a complex of other species of Leucinodes native to Africa and not as referring to L. orbonalis. L. orbonalis is not present in the EU and is not a regulated EU pest. L. orbonalis is a major pest of Solanum melongena (eggplant) in Asia where larvae feed within leaves, stems, shoots and fruits. Larvae can also feed on a range of other plants, mostly within Solanaceae although L. orbonalis is generally not reported as a pest of crops other than S. melongena. However, in recent years L. orbonalis has emerged as a pest of Solanum tuberosum in south-west India. In tropical areas there can be 10 generations per year if conditions are suitable. L. orbonalis has been intercepted 350 times in the EU from a range of Asian countries on a range of produce, mostly larvae in fruits of S. melongena. Biotic factors (host availability) and abiotic factors (climate suitability) suggest that some small areas of the EU could be suitable for establishment. Adult L. orbonalis can fly and the species could spread within the EU. The introduction of L. orbonalis into the EU would have an economic impact, most likely on S. melongena production, the magnitude of which is uncertain. Measures are available to prevent the entry of L. orbonalis into the EU. L. orbonalis satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Molecular genotypic diversity of populations of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis and development of SCAR marker for pesticide resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7787-7800. [PMID: 34655405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is a destructive pest of Solanum melongena. The control of L. orbonalis with extensive application of synthetic chemical insecticides resulted in the development of resistance with known genetic heterogeneity among populations. Understanding the genetic diversity of their populations is important in developing strategies for their management. The present investigation was performed to characterize populations of L. orbonalis for their genetic diversity in the entire region of Tamil Nadu, South India using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers as a tool of the molecular marker. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 60 random 10-mer primers, only ten primers generated reproducible and scorable banding profile. Among the ten different random primers, the primers namely OPG 7, OPG 8, OPS 2 and OPS 7 generated the highest genetic variation with over 80% genetic polymorphism. Phylogram analysis produced 18 clusters with eight major and ten minor clusters. Cluster analysis, statistical fitness, population structure and analysis of molecular variance confirmed the significant genetic variation among different populations. A trait specific marker obtained through RAPD was cloned, sequenced and used to develop a stable diagnostic SCAR marker for DNA fingerprinting to distinguish the populations. Amplification of this locus in the samples of 20 different populations indicated recognition of the trait for pesticide resistance in 12 populations. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the biochemical nature of host plant varieties of this insect pest and variation in the application of different insecticides are essential contributing factors for the genotypic variations observed among populations of L. orbonalis.
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Kariyanna B, Prabhuraj A, Asokan R, Agrawal A, Gandhi Gracy R, Jyoti P, Venkatesan T, Bheemanna M, Kalmath B, Diwan JR, Pampanna Y, Mohan M. Genome Mining and Expression Analysis of Carboxylesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Involved in Insecticide Resistance in Eggplant Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Front Physiol 2020; 11:594845. [PMID: 33329043 PMCID: PMC7713791 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.594845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major cause of low productivity in eggplant and insecticides being the mainstay of management of L. orbonalis. However, field control failures are widespread due to the evolution of insecticide resistance. Taking advantage of the whole genome sequence information, the present study investigated the level of insecticide resistance and the expression pattern of individual carboxylesterase (CE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes in various field collected populations of L. orbonalis. Dose-mortality bioassays revealed a very high level of resistance development against fenvalerate (48.2–160-fold), phosalone (94-534.6-fold), emamectin benzoate (7.2–55-fold), thiodicarb (9.64–22.7-fold), flubendiamide (187.4–303.0-fold), and chlorantraniliprole (1.6–8.6-fold) in field populations as compared to laboratory-reared susceptible iso-female colony (Lo-S). Over-production of detoxification enzymes viz., CE and GST were evident upon enzyme assays. Mining of the draft genome of L. orbonalis yielded large number of genes potentially belonging to the CE and GST gene families with known history of insecticide resistance in other insects. Subsequent RT-qPCR studies on relative contribution of individual genes revealed over-expression of numerous GSTs and few CEs in field populations, indicating their possible involvement of metabolic enzymes in insecticide resistance. The genomic information will facilitate the development of novel resistance management strategies against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kariyanna
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.,ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Prabhuraj
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - R Asokan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Agrawal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India
| | - R Gandhi Gracy
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Jyoti
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India
| | - T Venkatesan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Bheemanna
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - B Kalmath
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - J R Diwan
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - Y Pampanna
- Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - M Mohan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India
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Kariyanna B, Prabhuraj A, Asokan R, Ramkumar G, Venkatesan T, Gracy RG, Mohan M. Genome mining and functional analysis of cytochrome P450 genes involved in insecticide resistance in Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:971-982. [PMID: 32744379 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genes from the advanced genome project of the Leucinodes orbonalis and the expression analysis provided significant information about the metabolism-mediated insecticide resistance. A total of 72 putative CYP genes were identified from the genome and transcriptome of L. orbonalis. The genes were classified under 30 families and 46 subfamilies based on the standard nomenclature. In the present study, a novel CYP gene, CYP324F1, was identified and it has not been reported from any other living system so far. Biochemical assays showed enhanced titers (5.81-18.5-fold) of O-demethylase of CYP in five field-collected populations. We selected 34 homologous CYP gene sequences, seemed to be involved in insecticide resistance for primer design and quantitative real-time PCR studies. Among the many overexpressed genes (>10 fold), the expression levels of CYP324F1 and CYP306A1 were prominent across all the field populations as compared with the susceptible iso-female line. Oral delivery of ds-CYP324F1 and ds-CYP306A1 directed against CYP324F1 and CYP306A1 to the larvae of one of the insecticide resistance populations caused reduced expression of these two transcripts in a dose-dependent manner (53.4%-85.0%). It appears that the increased titer of O-demethylase is the result of increased transcription level of CYP genes in resistant populations. The data provide insight for identifying the novel resistance management strategies against L. orbonalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bheeranna Kariyanna
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India.,ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Asokan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy G Gracy
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthugounder Mohan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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