1
|
Nitschke BM, Butchko EA, Wahby MN, Breining KM, Konz AE, Grunlan MA. Shape Memory Polymer Bioglass Composite Scaffolds Designed to Heal Complex Bone Defects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39364678 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
An off-the-shelf scaffold with requisite properties could enable the viable treatment of irregular craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Notably, the scaffold should be conformally fitting, innately bioactive, and bioresorbable. In prior work, we developed a series of shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds based on cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). These were capable of "self-fitting" into complex bone defects when exposed to temperatures above the melt transition of the constituent PCL, either linear-PCL-diacrylate (linear-PCL-DA, Tm ∼55 °C) or star-PCL-tetraacrylate (star-PCL-TA, Tm ∼45 °C) for the potential to improve tissue safety. To achieve favorably increased degradation rates versus PCL-only scaffolds, semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) were formed by including linear- or star-poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA). A potential limitation of these self-fitting scaffolds is the lack of bioactivity, which is essential to osteoinductivity and osseointegration. Herein, analogous composite scaffolds were formed with 45S5 bioglass (BG) to impart bioactivity. The solvent-cast particulate leaching fabrication method was adapted to introduce BG to the fused salt template, resulting in composites with BG concentrated on the pore wall surfaces rather than within pore struts. Composite scaffolds with good pore wall integrity were produced with 2.5, 5, and 10 wt % BG. All composite scaffolds exhibited non-brittle behavior and did not fracture with 85% strain. For semi-IPN composite scaffolds, PLLA crystallinity was lost, and mechanical properties were not appreciably altered versus the non-BG controls. Sufficient retention of PCL crystallinity led to excellent shape memory behavior. The inclusion of 5 and 10 wt % BG led to hydroxyapatite mineralization after 1 day of exposure to simulated body fluid, as well as increased rates of in vitro degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Nitschke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Butchko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - MaryGrace N Wahby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kaylee M Breining
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexander E Konz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amid R, Kadkhodazadeh M, Kheiri A, Esfandiari S. Comparison of the healing process of xenografts with three different sources in critical-size bone defects: An in vivo study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2024; 16:22-29. [PMID: 39027209 PMCID: PMC11252156 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2024.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Xenograft bone substitutes can be obtained from different animals and processed using various methods. The present in vivo study evaluated bone regeneration after using three types of xenografts with different sources in critical-sized bone defects in rabbit calvaria. Methods Four 8-mm defects were created in calvaria of 14 New Zealand and white male rabbits. Three out of four defects were filled with xenografts of bovine, camel, and ostrich sources. The fourth defect was left unfilled as the control group. Seven rabbits were sacrificed after eight weeks and seven others after 12 weeks. Micro-CT imaging and histologic evaluation were further performed on dissected calvarias. Results After 8 and 12 weeks, the highest and lowest percentages of new bone formation were observed in the camel (27.71% and 41.92%) and control (11.33% and 15.96%) groups, respectively. In the case of residual material, the ostrich group had the most value after eight weeks (53%), while after 12 weeks, it was highest in the camel group (37%). Micro-CT findings were consistent with histologic results. Conclusion Although all three xenografts can be good choices for treating bone defects, camel-sourced xenograft seemed to be better than the other two groups. The origin and processing procedures of xenografts affected their final characteristics, which should be considered for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amid
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Kheiri
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Esfandiari
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beitlitum I, Rayyan F, Pokhojaev A, Tal H, Sarig R. A novel micro-CT analysis for evaluating the regenerative potential of bone augmentation xenografts in rabbit calvarias. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4321. [PMID: 38383533 PMCID: PMC10881464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Guided Bone Regeneration is a common procedure, yet, as new grafting materials are being introduced into the market, a reliable evaluation method is required. Critical size defect in animal models provides an accurate simulation, followed by histological sections to evaluate the new bone formation. However, histology is destructive, two-dimensional and technique-sensitive. In this study we developed a novel volumetric Micro-CT analysis to quantify new bone formation characteristics. Eight adult female New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to calvarial critical-size defects. Four 8 mm in diameter circular defects were preformed in each animal, to allow random allocation of four treatment modalities. All calvarias were scanned using Micro-CT. Each defect was segmented into four equal parts: pristine bone, outer, middle, and inner. Amira software (v. 6.3, www.fei.com ) was used to calculate the new bone volume in each region and compare it to that of the pristine bone. All grafting materials demonstrated that new bone formation decreased as it moved inward. Only the inner region differed across grafting materials (p = 0.001). The new Micro-CT analysis allowed us to divide each defect into 3D regions providing better understanding of the bone formation process. Amongst the various advantages of the Micro-CT, it enables us to quantify the graft materials and the newly formed bone independently, and to describe the defect morphology in 3D (bi- vs. uni-cortical defects). Providing an insight into the inner region of the defect can better predict the regenerative potential of the bone augmentation graft material. Therefore, the suggested Micro-CT analysis is beneficial for further developing of clinical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Beitlitum
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Fatma Rayyan
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ariel Pokhojaev
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Haim Tal
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ekhlasmand kermani M, Kheiri A, Amid R, Torshabi M, Houshmand B, Parsayan S. Sterility and bioactivity evaluation of two types of bone graft substitutes after removing the original packaging. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2023; 15:15-21. [PMID: 37645549 PMCID: PMC10460786 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2023.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Xenograft and allograft bone substitutes are widely used to replace the missing bone in defects. Since removing the packaging of these grafts can nullify their sterilization, this study aimed to evaluate the sterility and bioactivity changes of an allograft and a xenograft following uncapping/recap. Methods Two types of commercial allograft and xenograft vials were unpacked and further exposed to operating room air, where implant surgery was performed for one second, ten minutes, and one hour. After three repetitions, samples were analyzed using microbiological tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) for sterility and bioactivity evaluation. Results None of the bone graft samples showed microbial growth or bioactivity-negative changes after seven days of unpacking the vials. Conclusion Despite the positive results of this study, future studies and more analysis considering influential factors are required. Also, disinfection and air exchange must still be observed during biomaterial application and bone grafting procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ekhlasmand kermani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Aida Kheiri
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amid
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Houshmand
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Parsayan
- Dental Student, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Stefano DA, Orlando F, Ottobelli M, Fiori D, Garagiola U. A comparison between anorganic bone and collagen-preserving bone xenografts for alveolar ridge preservation: systematic review and future perspectives. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 44:24. [PMID: 35821286 PMCID: PMC9276906 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-022-00349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
After tooth extraction, dimensional changes affect the alveolar socket, leading to loss in alveolar bone height and width. Histological modifications also occur, with initial formation of a blood clot that is replaced with granulation tissue and subsequently with a provisional connective tissue matrix. Spontaneous healing ends with socket filling with woven bone, which is gradually replaced with lamellar bone and bone marrow. Adequate alveolar ridge dimensions and bone quality are required to assure optimal stability and osseointegration following dental implant placement. When a tooth is extracted, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures are an effective method to prevent collapse of the post-extraction socket. Heterologous bone is widely chosen by clinicians for ARP, and anorganic bone xenografts (ABXs) made bioinert by heat treatment represents the most used biomaterial in clinical applications. Collagen-preserving bone xenografts (CBXs) made of porcine or equine bone are fabricated by less invasive chemical or enzymatic treatments to remove xenogenic antigens, and these are also effective in preserving post-extraction sites. Clinical differences between anorganic bone substitutes and collagen-preserving materials are not well documented in the literature but understanding these differences could clarify how processing protocols influence biomaterial behavior in situ. This systematic review of the literature compares the dimensional changes and histological features of ABXs versus CBXs in ridge preservation procedures to promote awareness of different bone xenograft efficacies in stimulating the healing of post-extraction sockets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Alessio Di Stefano
- Private Practice, Centro Odontoiatrico e Protesico Civitali S.R.L., Milan, Italy.
- Department of Dentistry, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Orlando
- Private Practice, Centro Odontoiatrico e Protesico Civitali S.R.L., Milan, Italy
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ottobelli
- Private Practice, Centro Odontoiatrico e Protesico Civitali S.R.L., Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Fiori
- Private Practice, Centro Odontoiatrico e Protesico Civitali S.R.L., Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Porter GC, Abdelmoneim D, Li KC, Duncan WJ, Coates DE. The Effect of Low-Temperature Thermal Processing on Bovine Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes, toward Bone Cell Interaction and Differentiation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072504. [PMID: 35407837 PMCID: PMC8999525 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ideal bone grafting scaffolds are osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and encourage osteogenesis through the remodeling processes of bone resorption, new bone formation, and successful integration or replacement; however, achieving this trifecta remains challenging. Production methods of bone grafts, such as thermal processing, can have significant effects on the degree of cell-surface interactions via wide-scale changes in the material properties. Here, we investigated the effects of small incremental changes at low thermal processing temperatures on the degree of osteoclast and osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Bovine bone scaffolds were prepared at 100, 130, 160, 190, and 220 °C and compared with a commercial control, Bio-Oss®. Osteoclast attachment and activity were significantly higher on lower temperature processed bone and were not present ≥190 °C. The highest osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were obtained from treatments at 130 and 160 °C. Similarly, qRT2-PCR assays highlighted osteoblasts attached to bone processed at 130 and 160 °C as demonstrating the highest osteogenic gene expression. This study demonstrated the significant effects of small-scale processing changes on bone graft materials in vitro, which may translate to a tailored approach of cellular response in vivo.
Collapse
|
7
|
Seo YH, Hwang SH, Kim YN, Kim HJ, Bae EB, Huh JB. Bone Reconstruction Using Two-Layer Porcine-Derived Bone Scaffold Composed of Cortical and Cancellous Bones in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052647. [PMID: 35269791 PMCID: PMC8910567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the bone regeneration efficiency of two-layer porcine-derived bone scaffolds composed of cancellous and cortical bones in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Four circular calvaria defects were formed on cranium of rabbit and were filled with block bone scaffolds of each group: cortical bone block (Cortical group), cancellous bone block (Cancellous group), and two-layer bone block (2layer group). After 8 weeks, new bones were primarily observed in cancellous parts of the Cancellous and 2layer groups, while the Cortical group exhibited few new bones. In the results of new bone volume and area analyses, the Cancellous group showed the highest value, followed by the 2layer group, and were significantly higher than the Cortical group. Within the limitations of this study, the cancellous and two-layer porcine-derived bone scaffolds showed satisfactory bone regeneration efficiency; further studies on regulating the ratio of cortical and cancellous bones in two-layer bones are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ho Seo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-H.S.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Su-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-H.S.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Yu-Na Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-N.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-N.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Eun-Bin Bae
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-H.S.); (S.-H.H.)
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (E.-B.B.); (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-2355-6550 (E.-B.B.); +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
| | - Jung-Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-H.S.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.-B.B.); (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-2355-6550 (E.-B.B.); +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|