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Fehling P, Buckenmaier K, Dobrynin SA, Morozov DA, Polienko YF, Khoroshunova YV, Borozdina Y, Mayer P, Engelmann J, Scheffler K, Angelovski G, Kirilyuk IA. The effects of nitroxide structure upon 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization efficacy at ultralow-field. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144203. [PMID: 34654311 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy in 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization in liquids at ultralow magnetic field (ULF, B0 = 92 ± 0.8 µT) and polarization field (Bp = 1-10 mT) was studied for a broad variety of 26 different spin probes. Among others, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrroline radicals specifically synthesized for this study, along with some well-established commercially available nitroxides, were investigated. Isotope-substituted variants, some sterically shielded reduction-resistant nitroxides, and some biradicals were included in the measurements. The maximal achievable enhancement, Emax, and the radio frequency power, P1/2, needed for reaching Emax/2 were measured. Physico-chemical features such as molecular weight, spectral linewidth, heterocyclic structure, different types of substituents, deuteration, and 15N-labeling as well as the difference between monoradicals and biradicals were investigated. For the unmodified nitroxide radicals, the Emax values correlate with the molecular weight. The P1/2 values correlate with the spectral linewidth and are additionally influenced by the type of substituents neighboring the nitroxide group. The nitroxide biradicals with high intramolecular spin-spin coupling show low performance. Nitroxides enriched with 15N and/or 2H afford significantly higher |Emax| and require lower power to do so, compared to their unmodified counterparts containing at natural abundance predominantly 14N and 1H. The results allow for a correlation of chemical features with physical hyperpolarization-related properties and indicate that small nitroxides with narrow spectral lines have clear advantages for the use in Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. Perdeuteration and 15N-labeling can be used to additionally boost the spin probe performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fehling
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergey A Dobrynin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuliya F Polienko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Khoroshunova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Borozdina
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Dally E, Müller-Warmuth W. NMR-Untersuchungen an Lösungen mit Nitroxidradikalkomplexen. II. Hyperfeinkopplungskonstanten, Linienbreiten und Relaxation von Komplexen mit n-Propanol, Isopropanol und tert.-Butanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19780820806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kolodziejski W, Kecki Z. ESR and PMR Studies of Alcohols Hydrogen Bonded with Nitroxide Radical. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19780821208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dally E, Müffler-Warmuth W. Hochauflösende NMR an Lösungen mit Nitroxidradikalkomplexen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19770811103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Höfer P, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Carl P, Guthausen G, Reese M, Carlomagno T, Griesinger C, Bennati M. Field Dependent Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Radicals in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:3254-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0783207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Höfer
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Carl
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gisela Guthausen
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Reese
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Carlomagno
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Bennati
- Bruker Biospin, EPR Division, Rheinstetten, Germany, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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Maliakal AJ, Turro NJ, Bosman AW, Cornel J, Meijer EW. Relaxivity Studies on Dinitroxide and Polynitroxyl Functionalized Dendrimers: Effect of Electron Exchange and Structure on Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0350666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok J. Maliakal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anton W. Bosman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Cornel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Al-bala'a I, Bates RD. Medium effects on ESR spectra in studies of hydrogen-bonded transient solvent-solute complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2364(87)90226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bennett HF, Brown RD, Koenig SH, Swartz HM. Effects of nitroxides on the magnetic field and temperature dependence of 1/T1 of solvent water protons. Magn Reson Med 1987; 4:93-111. [PMID: 3031423 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of the longitudinal NMRD profiles (proton longitudinal relaxation rates as a function of field strength) over a broad range of magnetic field (0.01 to 50 MHz proton Larmor frequency) and temperature (-9.6 to 37 degrees C) for aqueous solutions of (i) a fatty acid-nitroxide/albumin complex and (ii) 10 low molecular weight nitroxides. Analysis of the NMRD profile for the fatty acid-nitroxide/albumin complex provides a lower bound estimate for the rotational correlation time of the complex, which permits the calculation of an upper bound on the inner sphere contribution to relaxation of the uncomplexed nitroxides. Inner sphere processes, ostensibly due to water molecules hydrogen bonded to the nitroxide moiety, dominate the relaxation effects of the slowly rotating macromolecular nitroxide/albumin complex. By extrapolation, the contribution of these inner sphere processes are negligible for rapidly tumbling nitroxides free in solution, which affect solvent proton relaxation almost entirely through outer sphere processes (i.e., translational diffusion). A comparison of the relaxation data for aqueous solutions of the uncomplexed nitroxides with the theory of outer sphere relaxation of J.H. Freed (J. Chem. Phys. 68, 4034 (1978] yields values for the distance of closest approach of the water and nitroxide molecules, as well as for their relative diffusion constants, at five different temperatures. Our results indicate that the rather modest relaxivities of aqueous solutions of nitroxides increase substantially with increased solvent viscosity and with protein binding, supporting the potential utility of nitroxides for enhancement of contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance images.
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Borah B, Bates RD. Dynamics of interspecies hydrogen bonding of partially fluorinated compounds and a stable nitroxide radical studied by1H and19F relaxation and low‐field DNP measurements. J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.442633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Borah B, Bates RD. Dynamics of interspecies hydrogen bonding of a fluorinated alcohol and a nitroxide free radical. J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.441293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gerardi GJ, Wagner BE, Potenza JA. Hydrogen bonding in systems containing imidazoline nitroxide radicals. J Chem Phys 1978. [DOI: 10.1063/1.436417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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v. Goldammer E, Kreysch W, Wenzel H. Proton NMR relaxation studies on several nitroxyl-water systems. J SOLUTION CHEM 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00650527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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