1
|
Goodwin MJ, Dickenson JC, Ripak A, Deetz AM, McCarthy JS, Meyer GJ, Troian-Gautier L. Factors that Impact Photochemical Cage Escape Yields. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7379-7464. [PMID: 38743869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of visible light to mediate chemical reactions in fluid solutions has applications that range from solar fuel production to medicine and organic synthesis. These reactions are typically initiated by electron transfer between a photoexcited dye molecule (a photosensitizer) and a redox-active quencher to yield radical pairs that are intimately associated within a solvent cage. Many of these radicals undergo rapid thermodynamically favored "geminate" recombination and do not diffuse out of the solvent cage that surrounds them. Those that do escape the cage are useful reagents that may undergo subsequent reactions important to the above-mentioned applications. The cage escape process and the factors that determine the yields remain poorly understood despite decades of research motivated by their practical and fundamental importance. Herein, state-of-the-art research on light-induced electron transfer and cage escape that has appeared since the seminal 1972 review by J. P. Lorand entitled "The Cage Effect" is reviewed. This review also provides some background for those new to the field and discusses the cage escape process of both homolytic bond photodissociation and bimolecular light induced electron transfer reactions. The review concludes with some key goals and directions for future research that promise to elevate this very vibrant field to even greater heights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexia Ripak
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexander M Deetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivanov KL, Wagenpfahl A, Deibel C, Matysik J. Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1427-1445. [PMID: 28900597 PMCID: PMC5530719 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spin chemistry and spintronics developed independently and with different terminology. Until now, the interaction between the two fields has been very limited. In this review, we compile the two "languages" in an effort to enhance communication. We expect that knowledge of spin chemistry will accelerate progress in spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3а, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Institutskaya 3а, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | | | - Carsten Deibel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Analytische Chemie, Linnéstr. 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hintze C, Steiner UE, Drescher M. Photoexcited Triplet State Kinetics Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 18:6-16. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malte Drescher
- Fachbereich Chemie Universität Konstanz 78457 Konstanz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Schlenker W, Steiner UE. An Efficient Continuous Flow Technique for Investigating the Magnetic Field Dependence of Photochemical Quantum Yields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19850891007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
Ichino T, Fessenden RW. Reactions of Hydrated Electron with Various Radicals: Spin Factor in Diffusion-Controlled Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2527-41. [PMID: 17388346 DOI: 10.1021/jp0684527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of hydrated electron (eaq-) with various radicals have been studied in pulse radiolysis experiments. These radicals are hydroxyl radical (*OH), sulfite radical anion (*SO3-), carbonate radical anion (CO3*-), carbon dioxide radical anion (*CO2-), azidyl radical (*N3), dibromine radical anion (Br2*-), diiodine radical anion (I2*-), 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radical (*C(CH3)2OH), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propyl radical ((*CH2)(CH3)2COH), hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical (*C6H6OH), phenoxyl radical (C6H5O*), p-methylphenoxyl radical (p-(H3C)C6H4O*), p-benzosemiquinone radical anion (p-OC6H4O*-), and phenylthiyl radical (C6H5S*). The kinetics of eaq- was followed in the presence of the counter radicals in transient optical absorption measurements. The rate constants of the eaq- reactions with radicals have been determined over a temperature range of 5-75 degrees C from the kinetic analysis of systems of multiple second-order reactions. The observed high rate constants for all the eaq- + radical reactions have been analyzed with the Smoluchowski equation. This analysis suggests that many of the eaq- + radical reactions are diffusion-controlled with a spin factor of 1/4, while other reactions with *OH, *N3, Br2*-, I2*-, and C6H5S* have spin factors significantly larger than 1/4. Spin dynamics for the eaq-/radical pairs is discussed to explain the different spin factors. The reactions with *OH, *N3, Br2*-, and I2*- have also been found to have apparent activation energies less than that for diffusion control, and it is suggested that the spin factors for these reactions decrease with increasing temperature. Such a decrease in spin factor may reflect a changing competition between spin relaxation/conversion and diffusive escape from the radical pairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Ichino
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5674, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu JQ, Baumann D, Steiner UE. Interference of heavy-atom with magnetic spin effects in spin-correlated micellar radical pairs. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979500100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Das R. Dominance of triplet mechanism over radical pair mechanism in short-lived triplets: hydrogen abstraction reaction of hydroxybenzophenones†. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600571807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Rozenshtein V, Berg A, Stavitski E, Levanon H, Franco L, Corvaja C. Electron Spin Polarization of Functionalized Fullerenes. Reversed Quartet Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11144-54. [PMID: 16331897 DOI: 10.1021/jp0540104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy was used to study two functionalized fullerenes consisting of a C60 moiety covalently linked to TEMPO radical via spacers of different length. Photoinduced electron spin polarization (ESP) reflecting a non-Boltzmann population within the energy levels of the spin system was observed in the electronic ground and excited states. Both fullerenes are characterized by a sign inversion of their TREPR spectra. A new mechanism of ESP generation was suggested to explain the experimental results. This mechanism, termed as the reversed quartet mechanism (RQM), includes the intersystem crossing process, which generates ESP in the excited trip-doublet and trip-quartet (2T1 and 4T1) states. This ISC is accompanied by ESP transfer to the ground state (2S0) by either electron-transfer reaction (in our case via charge transfer state, 2CT, i.e., 2T1--> 2CT --> 2S0 or internal conversion, 2T1--> 2S0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Rozenshtein
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stavitski E, Berg A, Ganguly T, Mahammed A, Gross Z, Levanon H. Electron Spin Dynamics in Photoexcited Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Corroles. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:6886-90. [PMID: 15174856 DOI: 10.1021/ja0306819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three corroles, which differ by their cavity's core, namely, diamagnetic free-base tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole and its gallium(III) complex and the paramagnetic oxo-chromium(V) complex, were studied by steady-state and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The magnetic and orientational parameters of the corroles, oriented in a nematic liquid crystal, were determined and interpreted in terms of their structure, geometry, and excited states spin dynamics. It was shown that both diamagnetic corroles, photoexcited to their triplet states, exhibit similar EPR line shapes, which is characterized by a negative zero-field splitting parameter, D, whose origin is due to molecular "stretching". Photoexcited Cr(V)O-corrole exhibits polarized ground-state EPR spectrum in emission mode. This polarization stems from the sequence of photophysical and photochemical reactions, involving the formation of the trip-quartet/trip-doublet composite states and their selective quenching via a charge transfer state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Stavitski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sakaguchi Y, Hayashi H. Magnetic Field Effects on the Photodissociation Reaction of Triarylphosphine in Nonviscous Homogeneous Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Sakaguchi
- Molecular Photochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Hayashi
- Molecular Photochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rozenshtein V, Berg A, Levanon H, Krueger U, Stehlik D, Kandrashkin Y, Van Der Est A. Light-induced electron spin polarization in the ground state of water-soluble copper porphyrins. Isr J Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1560/ff1q-02xd-q4vc-dhx0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Tachikawa T, Kobori Y, Akiyama K, Katsuki A, Steiner UE, Tero-Kubota S. Spin dynamics and zero-field splitting constants of the triplet exciplex generated by photoinduced electron transfer reaction between erythrosin B and duroquinone. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
TACHIKAWA TAKASHI, KOBORI YASUHIRO, AKIYAMA KIMIO, KATSUKI AKIO, USUI YOSHIHARU, STEINER ULRICHE, TERO-KUBOTA SHOZO. Solvent effects on the intrinsic enhancement factors of the triplet exciplex generated by photoinduced electron transfer reaction between eosin Y and duroquinone. Mol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110117962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
15
|
MILIKISYANTS SERGEJ, KATSUKI AKIO, STEINER ULRICH, PAUL HENNING. Magnetic field dependence of the deactivation rates of triplet azocumene in solution. Mol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
16
|
KATSUKI A, KOBORI Y, TERO-KUBOTA S, MILIKISYANTS S, PAUL H, STEINER UE. Magnetic field and spin effects from sequential p-type and d-type triplet mechanisms. Mol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
17
|
Spin-orbit coupling induced electron spin polarization in photoinduced electron transfer reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(01)00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Sasaki S, Kobori Y, Akiyama K, Tero-Kubota S. Magnetic field effects on the triplet exciplex dynamics in the duroquinone-N,N-dimethylaniline derivative systems. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2001. [DOI: 10.1163/156856701745041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Gilch P, Musewald C, Michel-Beyerle M. Magnetic field dependent picosecond intersystem crossing. The role of molecular symmetry. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Musewald C, Gilch P, Hartwich G, Pöllinger-Dammer F, Scheer H, Michel-Beyerle ME. Magnetic Field Dependence of Ultrafast Intersystem-Crossing: A Triplet Mechanism on the Picosecond Time Scale? J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9842520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Musewald
- Contribution from the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany, and Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Contribution from the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany, and Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hartwich
- Contribution from the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany, and Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - Florian Pöllinger-Dammer
- Contribution from the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany, and Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - Hugo Scheer
- Contribution from the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany, and Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - Maria Elisabeth Michel-Beyerle
- Contribution from the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany, and Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sasaki S, Kobori Y, Akiyama K, Tero-Kubota S. Intrinsic Enhancement Factors of the Spin−Orbit Coupling Mechanism Polarization in the Duroquinone−N,N-Dimethylaniline Derivative Systems. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sasaki
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kimio Akiyama
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shozo Tero-Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ali S, Maeda K, Murai H, Azumi T. Surprisingly large magnetic field effect in the electron-transfer reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine with triethylamine in acetonitrile. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Sasaki S, Katsuki A, Akiyama K, Tero-Kubota S. Spin−Orbit Coupling Induced Electron Spin Polarization: Influence of Heavy Atom Position. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961016l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sasaki
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-77, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nishi-Nagano, Nagano 380, Japan
| | - Akio Katsuki
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-77, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nishi-Nagano, Nagano 380, Japan
| | - Kimio Akiyama
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-77, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nishi-Nagano, Nagano 380, Japan
| | - Shozo Tero-Kubota
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-77, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nishi-Nagano, Nagano 380, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Magnetic field effects on the photodissociation reaction of triphenylphosphine in non-viscous homogeneous solutions. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Shafirovich VY, Batova EE, Levin PP. Solvent effects on the magnetic field dependent recombination kinetics of the Zn-porphyrin—viologen dyad radical ion pair state. Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(92)80228-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Application of spin-orbit-coupling induced magnetic field effects for probing the dynamics of photoinduced charge separation and recombination. J CHEM SCI 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02863367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Steiner UE, Bürßner D. Theoretical Treatment of Magnetic Field Dependent In-cage Backward Electron Transfer During Photooxidation of Ru(II) Complexes. Z PHYS CHEM 1990. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1990.169.part_2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Effect of ground state association on the photoreduction of basic dyes by anionic N-phenylglycines and its neutral esters. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)80007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Levin P, Pluzhnikov P, Kuzmin V. Bell-shaped energy gap dependence for electron transfer rate in triplet exciplexes. Chem Phys Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(88)85100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Serebrennikov Y, Minaev B. Magnetic field effects due to spin—orbit coupling in transient intermediates. Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(87)85049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
NEUMANN MIGUELG, MATTHEWS JIOAN, BRASLAVSKYdR SILVIAE. THE PHOTOREDUCTION OF METHYLENE BLUE BY ARYLAMINOMETHANE-SULFONATES. Photochem Photobiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
35
|
Fischer H. The effect of a magnetic field on the product yield of a geminate radical-pair reaction in homogeneous solution. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)87287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Tanimoto Y, Takashima M, Itoh M. Magnetic field effect on the hydrogen abstraction of xanthone from xanthene in SDS micelles. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)87345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|