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Stöter M, Kunz DA, Schmidt M, Hirsemann D, Kalo H, Putz B, Senker J, Breu J. Nanoplatelets of sodium hectorite showing aspect ratios of ≈20,000 and superior purity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1280-5. [PMID: 23286394 DOI: 10.1021/la304453h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Applying a combination of melt synthesis followed by long-term annealing a fluorohectorite is obtained which is unique with respect to homogeneity, purity, and particle size. Counterintuitively, the hectorite undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon swelling to the level of the bilayer hydrate. Alkylammonium-exchanged samples show at any chain length only a single basal spacing corroborating a nicely homogeneous layer charge density. Its intracrystalline reactivity improves greatly upon annealing, making it capable to spontaneously and completely disintegrate into single clay lamellae of 1 nm thickness. Realizing exceptional aspect ratios of around 20,000 upon delamination, this synthetic clay will offer unprecedented potential as functional filler in highly transparent nanocomposites with superior gas barrier and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stöter
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Essawy HA. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-kaolinite nanocomposites prepared by interfacial polymerization with redox initiator system. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lagaly G, Ogawa M, Dékány I. Chapter 7.3 Clay Mineral Organic Interactions. DEVELOPMENTS IN CLAY SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-4352(05)01010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lagaly G, Dékany I. Adsorption on hydrophobized surfaces: clusters and self-organization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 114-115:189-204. [PMID: 15936292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The arrangement of liquid molecules on surfaces bristling with alkyl chains is deduced from adsorption studies, X-ray powder diffraction data, and microcalorimetric measurements of swelling-type layered materials, especially clay minerals. Small polar molecules such as water, ethanol, formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and aromatic compounds are clustered between the alkyl chains pointing away from the surface. The energetic contribution related to the movement of the alkyl chains from direct contact with the surface atoms into upright positions is decisive. The importance of the interactions between the liquid molecules on the structure of the adsorption layer is clearly indicated by the changes of the adsorption layer thickness by salt addition. Thermodynamic data are obtained from surface excess adsorption isotherms from binary liquid mixtures combined with microcalorimetric measurements. Long-chain adsorptives such as long-chain alcohols interact with the surface alkyl chains by forming stable bimolecular films. These films undergo a series of higher-order phase transitions into kink- and gauche-block structures as the consequence of rotational isomerization of the alkyl chains. Such transitions are considered elementary processes in self-assembling films (layer-by-layer deposition, fuzzy films, Langmuir-Blodgett technique), and lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Lagaly
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Papp S, Dékány I. Colloid chemical characterisation of layered titanates, their hydrophobic derivatives and self-assembled films. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-004-1257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nagasaki S, Nakagawa Y, Tanaka S. Sorption of nonylphenol on Na-Montmorillonite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Williams-Daryn S, Thomas RK, Castro MA, Becerro AI. The distribution of toluene in intercalation complexes of a vermiculite and alkyl trimethylammonium bromides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 267:265-71. [PMID: 14583201 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutron diffraction and isotopic labeling have been used to determine the distribution of toluene sorbed into the interlamellar space of complexes of vermiculite with alkyl trimethylammonium bromide complex of alkyl chain lengths C(12), C(14), and C(16) and in a mixed C(12)/C(16) complex. The toluene remains in a liquid-like form and fills and swells the interlamellar space space up to a point where there remains a small amount of overlap of the alkyl chains of the surfactant. If the complex is between vermiculite and one surfactant only this results in the toluene concentration being reduced in the center of the interlamellar space, with maxima on either side. On the other hand, in a complex of mixed-length surfactants, the toluene distribution reaches its maximum at the center of the interlamellar space.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Williams-Daryn
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Vidyadhar A, Rao K, Chernyshova I. Mechanisms of amine–feldspar interaction in the absence and presence of alcohols studied by spectroscopic methods. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(02)00361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The Structures of Complexes of a Vermiculite Intercalated by Cationic Surfactants, a Mixture of Cationic Surfactants, and a Mixture of Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Williams-Daryn S, Thomas RK. The intercalation of a vermiculite by cationic surfactants and its subsequent swelling with organic solvents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 255:303-11. [PMID: 12505078 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have measured the dimensions of the interlamellar space following intercalation of a vermiculite by a range of cationic surfactants and followed the subsequent swelling of the organoclay compounds with several organic solvents. A single vermiculite (Eucatex) was used with three series of surfactants, N-alkyltrimethylammonium bromides, N,N'-dialkyldimethylammonium bromides, and the gemini cationic surfactants, alpha,omega-bis (N-alkyldimethylammonium) alkanes. In all cases well-defined stoichiometric compounds are obtained and the amount of surfactant intercalating the layer indicates that there are two factors controlling this amount, charge neutralization of the clay and hydrophobic packing. Packing arguments are used to deduce the fraction of non-charge-neutralizing material in the interlamellar space. It is clear that by altering the surfactant charge and structure it is possible to control the degree to which adsorption beyond charge neutralization occurs in these complexes, which is important when the capacity of such complexes to sorb other materials is considered. The general pattern of swelling of the surfactant/vermiculite complex by toluene suggests that the maximum expansion of the intralamellar space is limited by the longest chain in the surfactant. In contrast to earlier results we found that these vermiculites could be swollen by alkanes as well as aromatic solvents. This is attributed to the greater hydrophobicity of the interior of an organoclay formed from a clay of higher charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Williams-Daryn
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Structural properties of cationic surfactant/pentanol/water systems and their interaction with negatively charged layer silicates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cioffi R, Maffucci L, Santoro L, Glasser FP. Stabilization of chloro-organics using organophilic bentonite in a cement-blast furnace slag matrix. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2001; 21:651-660. [PMID: 11530921 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of cement-based stabilisation/solidification treatment to organic-containing wastes is made difficult by the adverse effect of organics on cement hydration. The use of organophilic clays as pre-solidification adsorbents of the organic compounds can reduce this problem because of the high adsorption power of these clays and their compatibility with the cementitious matrix. This work presents an investigation of the effect on hydration kinetics, physico-mechanical properties and leaching behaviour of cement-based solidified waste forms containing 2-chlorophenol and 1-chloronapthalene adsorbed on organophilic bentonites. These were prepared by cation exchange with benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride and trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride. The binder was a 30% pozzolanic cement, 70% granulated blast furnace slag mixture. Several binder-to-bentonite ratios and different concentrations of the organics on the bentonite were used. Kinetics of hydration were studied by measurement of chemically bound water and by means of thermal and calorimetric analyses. Microstructure and other physico-mechanical properties of the solidified forms were studied by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy and unconfined compressive strength measurement. Leaching was checked by two different leaching tests: one dynamic, on monolithic samples, and the other static, on powdered samples. This study indicates that the incorporation of the organic-loaded bentonite in the binder matrix causes modifications in the hardened samples by altering cement hydration. The effects of the two organic contaminants are differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
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Berger F, Dékány I. Variable thickness of the liquid sorption layers on solid surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dékány I, Turi L, Szücs A, Király Z. Preparation of semiconductor and transition metal nanoparticles on colloidal solid supports. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Szücs A, Király Z, Berger F, Dékány I. Preparation and hydrogen sorption of Pd nanoparticles on Al2O3 pillared clays. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Interaction of Cationic Surfactants with Iron and Sodium Montmorillonite Suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1998.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hydrophobic layered double hydroxides (LDHs): Selective adsorbents for liquid mixtures. Colloid Polym Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s003960050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Becerro A, Castro M, Thomas R. Solubilization of toluene in surfactant bilayers formed in the interlayer space of vermiculite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(96)03766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adsorption of surfactants on low-charged layer silicates Part II: Adsorption of non-ionic surfactants. Colloid Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00655504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Klumpp E, Heitmann H, Schwuger M. Synergistic effects between cationic surfactants and organic pollutants on clay minerals. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Patzkó Á, Dékány I. Ion exchange and molecular adsorption of a cationic surfactant on clay minerals. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80045-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kotov N, Putyera K, Fendler J, Tombácz E, Dékány I. Cadmium sulfide particles in organomontmorillonite complexes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80047-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Döring J, Lagaly G, Beneke K, Dékány I. Interlamellar adsorption of alcohols 4. Adsorption properties of crystalline silicas. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80037-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tombácz E, Deér I, Dékány I. Compression study on hydrophobic layered silicates dispersed in organic liquid mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80041-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Excess adsorption isotherms for solid-liquid systems and their analysis to determine the surface phase capacity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(90)80006-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dékány I, Szántó F, Weiss A. The liquid-crystal structure of adsorbed layers and the stability of dispersed systems in organic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(89)80046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wetting and adsorption on organophilic illites and swelling montmorillonites in methanol-benzene mixtures. Colloid Polym Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01451536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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