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Dreizler A, Sick V, Wolfrum J. Applied laser spectroscopy in technical combustion systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kinnison DE, Gille J, Barnett J, Randall C, Harvey VL, Lambert A, Khosravi R, Alexander MJ, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Cavanaugh C, Coffey M, Craig C, Dean VC, Eden T, Ellis D, Fahey DW, Francis G, Halvorson C, Hannigan J, Hartsough C, Hepplewhite C, Krinsky C, Lee H, Mankin B, Marcy TP, Massie S, Nardi B, Packman D, Popp PJ, Santee ML, Yudin V, Walker KA. Global observations of HNO3from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): First results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nadykto AB, Al Natsheh A, Yu F, Mikkelsen KV, Herb J. Computational Quantum Chemistry: A New Approach to Atmospheric Nucleation. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Natsheh AA, Nadykto AB, Mikkelsen KV, Yu F, Ruuskanen J. Coexistence of metastable nitric acid dihydrates: A molecular level contribution to understanding the formation of polar stratospheric clouds crystals. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bauman JJ, Russell PB, Geller MA, Hamill P. A stratospheric aerosol climatology from SAGE II and CLAES measurements: 1. Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Bauman
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - M. A. Geller
- State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
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Deshler T, Nardi B, Adriani A, Cairo F, Hansen G, Fierli F, Hauchecorne A, Pulvirenti L. Determining the index of refraction of polar stratospheric clouds above Andoya (69°N) by combining size-resolved concentration and optical scattering measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Larsen N, Mikkelsen IS, Knudsen BM, Schreiner J, Voigt C, Mauersberger K, Rosen JM, Kjome NT. Comparison of chemical and optical in situ measurements of polar stratospheric cloud particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Norman ML, Qian J, Miller RE, Worsnop DR. Infrared complex refractive indices of supercooled liquid HNO3/H2O aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Niedziela RF, Norman ML, DeForest CL, Miller RE, Worsnop DR. A Temperature- and Composition-Dependent Study of H2SO4 Aerosol Optical Constants Using Fourier Transform and Tunable Diode Laser Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991323o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. F. Niedziela
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - M. L. Norman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - C. L. DeForest
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - R. E. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
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Schreiner J, Voigt C, Kohlmann A, Arnold F, Mauersberger K, Larsen N. Chemical analysis of polar stratospheric cloud particles. Science 1999; 283:968-70. [PMID: 9974386 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5404.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A balloon-borne gondola carrying a particle analysis system, a backscatter sonde, and pressure and temperature sensors was launched from Kiruna, Sweden, on 25 January 1998. Measurements within polar stratospheric cloud layers inside the Arctic polar vortex show a close correlation between large backscatter ratios and enhanced particle-related water and nitric acid signals at low temperatures. Periodic structures in the data indicate the presence of lee waves. The H2O/HNO3 molar ratios are consistently found to be above 10 at atmospheric temperatures between 189 and 192 kelvin. Such high ratios indicate ternary solution particles of H2O, HNO3, and H2SO4 rather than the presence of solid hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Danish Meteorological Institute, Division of Middle Atmosphere Research, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bertram AK, Sloan JJ. The nucleation rate constants and freezing mechanism of nitric acid trihydrate aerosol under stratospheric conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Tóth
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Eötvös University, H-1518 Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, Hungary
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Del Negro LA, Fahey DW, Donnelly SG, Gao RS, Keim ER, Wamsley RC, Woodbridge EL, Dye JE, Baumgardner D, Gandrud BW, Wilson JC, Jonsson HH, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Webster CR, May RD, Worsnop DR, Tabazadeh A, Tolbert MA, Kelly KK, Chan KR. Evaluating the role of NAT, NAD, and liquid H2SO4/H2O/HNO3solutions in Antarctic polar stratospheric cloud aerosol: Observations and implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wincel H, Mereand E, Castleman AW. Gas Phase Reactions of DNO3 with X-·(D2O)n, X = O, OD, O2, DO2, and O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953104i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Wincel
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - E. Mereand
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Tabazadeh A, Toon OB. The presence of metastable HNO3/H2O solid phases in the stratosphere inferred from ER 2 data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Phase changes in stratospheric aerosols were studied by cooling a droplet of sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) in the presence of nitric acid (HNO(3)) and water vapor. A sequence of solid phases was observed to form that followed Ostwald's rule for phase nucleation. For stratospheric partial pressures at temperatures between 193 and 195 kelvin, a metastable ternary H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3) hydrate, H(2)SO(4) . HNO(3) . 5H(2)O, formed in coexistence with binary H(2)SO(4) . kH(2)O hydrates (k = 2, 3, and 4) and then transformed to nitric acid dihydrate, HNO(3) . 2H(2)O, within a few hours. Metastable HNO(3) . 2H(2)O always formed before stable nitric acid trihydrate, HNO(3).3H(2)O, under stratospheric conditions and persisted for long periods. The formation of metastable phases provides a mechanism for differential particle growth and sedimentation of HNO(3) from the polar winter stratosphere.
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MacKenzie AR, Kulmala M, Laaksonen A, Vesala T. On the theories of type 1 polar stratospheric cloud formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adriani A, Deshler T, Donfrancesco GD, Gobbi GP. Polar stratospheric clouds and volcanic aerosol during spring 1992 over McMurdo Station, Antarctica: Lidar and particle counter comparisons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Iraci LT, Middlebrook AM, Tolbert MA. Laboratory studies of the formation of polar stratospheric clouds: Nitric acid condensation on thin sulfuric acid films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Worsnop DR, Zahniser MS, Fox LE, Wofsy SC. Vapor Pressures of Solid Hydrates of Nitric Acid: Implications for Polar Stratospheric Clouds. Science 1993; 259:71-4. [PMID: 17757475 DOI: 10.1126/science.259.5091.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic data are presented for hydrates of nitric acid: HNO(3).H(2)O, HNO(3).2H(2)O, HNO(3).3H(2)O, and a higher hydrate. Laboratory data indicate that nucleation and persistence of metastable HNO(3).2H(2)O may be favored in polar stratospheric clouds over the slightly more stable HNO(3).3H(2)O. Atmospheric observations indicate that some polar stratospheric clouds may be composed of HNO(3).2H(2)O and HNO(3).3H(2)O. Vapor transfer from HNO(3).2H(2)O to HNO(3).3H(2)O could be a key step in the sedimentation of HNO(3), which plays an important role in the depletion of polar ozone.
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