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Das SS, Kopnov G, Gerber A. Resistivity Testing of Palladium Dilution Limits in CoPd Alloys for Hydrogen Storage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:111. [PMID: 35009264 PMCID: PMC8746098 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Palladium satisfies most of the requirements for an effective hydrogen storage material with two major drawbacks: it has a relatively low gravimetric hydrogen density and is prohibitively expensive for large scale applications. Pd-based alloys should be considered as possible alternatives to a pure Pd. The question is how much one can dilute the Pd concentration in a variety of candidate materials while preserving the hydrogen absorption capability. We demonstrate that the resistivity measurements of thin film alloy samples can be used for a qualitative high-throughput screening and study of the hydrogen absorbing properties over the entire range of palladium concentrations. Contrary to palladium-rich alloys where additional hydrogen scattering indicates a degree of hydrogen content, the diluted alloy films respond by a decrease in resistance due to their thickness expansion. Evidence of significant hydrogen absorption was found in thin CoPd films diluted to just 20% of Pd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhansu Sekhar Das
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (S.S.D.); (G.K.)
- School of Physical Science, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752050, India
| | - Gregory Kopnov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (S.S.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Alexander Gerber
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (S.S.D.); (G.K.)
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Metzroth LJT, Miller EM, Norman AG, Yazdi S, Carroll GM. Accelerating Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption Rates in Palladium Nanocubes with an Ultrathin Surface Modification. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9131-9137. [PMID: 34676756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials to store energy in the form of electrochemical alloys is an exceptionally promising route for achieving high-rate energy storage and delivery. Nanoscale palladium hydride is an excellent model system for understanding how nanoscale-specific properties affect the absorption and desorption of energy carrying equivalents. Hydrogen absorption and desorption in shape-controlled Pd nanostructures does not occur uniformly across the entire nanoparticle surface. Instead, hydrogen absorption and desorption proceed selectively through high-activity sites at the corners and edges. Such a mechanism hinders the hydrogen absorption rates and greatly reduces the benefit of nanoscaling the dimensions of the palladium. To solve this, we modify the surface of palladium with an ultrathin platinum shell. This modification nearly removes the barrier for hydrogen absorption (89 kJ/mol without a Pt shell and 1.8 kJ/mol with a Pt shell) and enables diffusion through the entire Pd/Pt surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J T Metzroth
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew G Norman
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gerard Michael Carroll
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Hubkowska K, Themsirimongkon S, Saipanya S, Łukaszewski M, Czerwiński A. The Modification of Electrochemical Properties of Pd by its Alloying with Ru, Rh, and Pt: the Study of Ternary Systems. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-019-00579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hubkowska K, Łukaszewski M, Czerwiński A. Effect of Temperature, Electrode Potential, and Bulk Composition on Hydrogen Electrosorption into Palladium-Ruthenium Alloys—Comparative Study with Other Binary Systems. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-018-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hubkowska K, Łukaszewski M, Soszko M, Koss U, Hamankiewicz B, Czerwiński A. Comparative Physicochemical and Electrochemical Characterization of the Structure and Composition of Thin Pd Binary and Ternary Codeposits with Pt, Ru, and Rh. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050798. [PMID: 29762524 PMCID: PMC5978175 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-Ru, Pd-Rh, Pd-Pt-Ru, and Pd-Rh-Ru electrodes were prepared as thin layers by potentiostatic codeposition or chemical co-precipitation of metals from baths containing mixtures of chloride salts. The formation of substitutional solid solutions, with lattice parameters smaller than that of pure Pd, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The compositions at various levels of sample volume and thickness were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and also electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.5 M H2SO4. The differences between surface, subsurface, and bulk compositions were compared for various systems in a wide composition spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michał Soszko
- Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Koss
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Hamankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Czerwiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
- Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
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Martinez de Yuso A, Maetz A, Oumellal Y, Zlotea C, Le Meins JM, Matei Ghimbeu C. Optimization of the synthesis of Pd-Au nanoalloys confined in mesoporous carbonaceous materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ellis IT, Wolf EH, Jones G, Lo B, Meng-Jung Li M, York APE, Edman Tsang SC. Lithium and boron as interstitial palladium dopants for catalytic partial hydrogenation of acetylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:601-604. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that light elements, including lithium and boron atoms, can take residence in the octahedral (interstitial) site of a Pd lattice by modifying the electronic properties of the metal nanoparticles, and hence the adsorptive strength of a reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieuan T. Ellis
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Glenn Jones
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Sonning Common
- UK
| | - Ben Lo
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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Koss U, Łukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwiński A. Thermodynamic aspects of hydrogen electrosorption into Pd–Rh alloys. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Łukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Koss U, Czerwiński A. On the Nature of Voltammetric Signals Originating from Hydrogen Electrosorption into Palladium-Noble Metal Alloys. MATERIALS 2013; 6:4817-4835. [PMID: 28788362 PMCID: PMC5452831 DOI: 10.3390/ma6104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sorption/desorption signals observed on cyclic voltammograms in experiments on hydrogen electrosorption into Pd-noble metal alloys (Pd-Au, Pd-Pt, Pd-Rh, Pd-Ru, Pd-Pt-Rh, Pd-Pt-Au) were characterized. The influence of electrosorption potential, scan rate and alloy bulk composition on the features of the hydrogen peaks was investigated. The experimental results were compared with those obtained on the basis of a model taken from the literature. It was confirmed that the rate of the α-β phase transition controls the overall rate of the process of hydrogen absorption/desorption into/from thin Pd-based electrodes. It was demonstrated that from the analysis of the changes of the hydrogen oxidation peak potential with the hydrogen electrosorption potential in cyclic voltammetric experiments it is possible to determine the limiting Pd bulk content, below which the β-phase in the alloy-hydrogen system is not formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Łukaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Hubkowska
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Urszula Koss
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Czerwiński
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
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10
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Influence of temperature on hydrogen electrosorption into palladium-noble metal alloys. Part 3: Palladium–rhodium alloys. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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The method of limited volume electrodes as a tool for hydrogen electrosorption studies in palladium and its alloys. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Influence of rhodium additive on hydrogen electrosorption in palladium-rich Pd–Rh alloys. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Ling C, Semidey-Flecha L, Sholl DS. First-principles screening of PdCuAg ternary alloys as H2 purification membranes. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Łukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwiński A. Comparative study on the influence of temperature, electrode potential and alloy bulk composition on hydrogen electrosorption into Pd–Pt and Pd–Au alloys. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Hubkowska K, Łukaszewski M, Czerwiński A. Influence of temperature on hydrogen electrosorption into palladium–noble metal alloys. Part 1: Palladium–gold alloys. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Luo S, Wang D, Flanagan TB. Thermodynamics of Hydrogen in fcc Pd−Au Alloys. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:6117-25. [PMID: 20408574 DOI: 10.1021/jp100858r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Luo
- Material Science Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405
| | - D. Wang
- Material Science Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405
| | - Ted B. Flanagan
- Material Science Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405
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Łukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwiński A. Electrochemical absorption and oxidation of hydrogen on palladium alloys with platinum, gold and rhodium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14567-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Łukaszewski M, Kędra T, Czerwiński A. Electrochemical behavior of Pd–Pt–Au alloys. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Flanagan TB, Wang D, Luo S. Thermodynamics of H in Disordered Pd−Ag Alloys from Calorimetric and Equilibrium Pressure−Composition−Temperature Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10723-35. [PMID: 17711332 DOI: 10.1021/jp073484v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the thermodynamics of H2 solution and hydride formation in a series of disordered Pd-Ag alloys has been determined using both reaction calorimetry and equilibrium PH2-composition-T data. Trends of DeltaHH and DeltaSH with both H and Ag concentration have been determined. For the Pd0.76Ag0.24 alloy, which does not form a hydride phase, DeltaHH and DeltaSH both exhibit minima with H/(Pd0.76Ag0.24) followed by a linear increase of the former. A linear increase of DeltaHH is found for all of the alloys in the high H content region beyond the two-phase region or, if, there is no two-phase region, in the high H content region. DeltaHH degrees at infinite dilution of H decreases with atom fraction Ag, XAg, up to about 0.40 and then increases. Enthalpies for hydride formation/decomposition, 1/2H2(g) + dilute <--> hydride, have been determined calorimetrically for alloys which form two phases (303 K). The enthalpies for hydride formation become more exothermic with XAg while the corresponding entropy magnitudes are nearly constant, 46 +/- 2 J/K mol H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted B Flanagan
- Chemistry Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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Łukaszewski M, Żurowski A, Grdeń M, Czerwiński A. Correlations between hydrogen electrosorption properties and composition of Pd-noble metal alloys. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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24
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Luo S, Craft A, Flanagan TB. Thermodynamics of hydrogen solution and hydride formation in Pd-Mn alloys. 2. Ordered alloys. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8087-93. [PMID: 16610910 DOI: 10.1021/jp0582787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are marked differences in H(2) solubilities between ordered and disordered Pd-Mn alloys with the largest difference found between the L1(2) and the disordered form of the Pd(3)Mn alloy. The thermodynamics of H(2) solution have been determined for the L1(2) form, the long-period superstructure (lps), and the disordered forms of the Pd(0.80)Mn(0.20) and Pd(0.75)Mn(0.25)(Pd(3)Mn) alloys. Relative partial molar enthalpies and entropies were determined mainly by reaction calorimetry over the range of H contents accessible from p(H)()2 approximately 10 Pa to approximately 0.3 MPa (303 K). The enthalpies for absorption of H(2) are more exothermic over most of the range of H contents for the L1(2) forms of the Pd(3)Mn and Pd(0.80)Mn(0.20) alloys than for their other forms. The reaction enthalpies are constant across a relatively wide range of H contents for the L1(2) form of the Pd(0.80)Mn(0.20) and Pd(3)Mn alloys indicating that there are two-phase coexistence regions (303 K). The H-H attractive interaction, which leads to hydride formation, is much greater for the L1(2) than for the other forms of the Pd(3)Mn alloy and for Pd itself. It has been found that the H-H interaction always decreases in magnitude and, accompanying this, the THS (terminal hydrogen solubility) always increases by alloying Pd.(1) The L1(2) ordered Pd(3)Mn alloy is an exception to this, and therefore, the generalization about THS must be restricted to disordered face centered cubic (fcc) Pd alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luo
- Chemistry Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Flanagan TB, Luo S. Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Solution and Hydride Formation in Pd−Mn Alloys. 1. Disordered Alloys and a Correlation Effect. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8080-6. [PMID: 16610909 DOI: 10.1021/jp058277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamics of H(2) solution and hydride formation/decomposition have been determined by reaction calorimetry (303 K) for disordered face centered cubic (fcc) Pd-Mn alloys. This alloy system belongs to the expanded lattice category which predicts that and DeltaH(plat) for H(2) absorption should be more exothermic than those for Pd; the experimental results are that the former is more exothermic, at least at the higher Mn contents, but the latter is not. There is a regular decrease in the H capacity (at p(H)2 = 0.2 MPa) with atom fraction Mn. A linear dependence of log p(H)2 upon H content is found in the single hydride phase for all of these alloys suggesting that DeltaH(H) and DeltaS(H) are also linear functions of r in this region. This is confirmed using the Pd(0.875)Mn(0.125) alloy which has no two-phase region (303 K). It is shown for the Pd(0.875)Mn(0.125) alloy and for Pd that the changes of partial enthalpies and entropies with H content are correlated so as to minimize changes of mu(H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted B Flanagan
- Chemistry Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Wang D, Flanagan TB, Shanahan K. Hydrogen permeation measurements of partially internally oxidized Pd–Al alloys in the presence and absence of CO. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Zoltowski P, Legawiec B. Determination of diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in metals and their elastic modulus by generalised impedance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Łukaszewski M, Grdeń M, Czerwiński A. Hydrogen electrosorption in Pd–Pt–Rh alloys. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Properties of Mixing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5644(03)80011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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31
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A study of transport of hydrogen in self-stressed metals by a one-port transfer function. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Legawiec B, Zoltowski P. Effects of Self Stress on the Transport of Guest Species in Solids: Transport of Hydrogen in Metals. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Legawiec
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Zoltowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang D, Flanagan TB, Kuji T. Hysteresis scans for Pd–H and Pd–alloy–H systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b201271p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Zoltowski P. Concentration transfer function of hydrogen diffusion in self-stressed metals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Zoltowski P. Diffusion of hydrogen in self-stressed metals — transfer function spectroscopy approach. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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