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Abstract
An important limitation of standard classical molecular dynamics simulations is the inability to make or break chemical bonds. This restricts severely our ability to study processes that involve even the simplest of chemical reactions, the transfer of a proton. Existing approaches for allowing proton transfer in the context of classical mechanics are rather cumbersome and have not achieved widespread use and routine status. Here we reconsider the combination of molecular dynamics with periodic stochastic proton hops. To ensure computational efficiency, we propose a non-Boltzmann acceptance criterion that is heuristically adjusted to maintain the correct or desirable thermodynamic equilibria between different protonation states and proton transfer rates. Parameters are proposed for hydronium, Asp, Glu, and His. The algorithm is implemented in the program CHARMM and tested on proton diffusion in bulk water and carbon nanotubes and on proton conductance in the gramicidin A channel. Using hopping parameters determined from proton diffusion in bulk water, the model reproduces the enhanced proton diffusivity in carbon nanotubes and gives a reasonable estimate of the proton conductance in gramicidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York/CUNY , 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Graduate Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry & Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York , 365 Fifth Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics , Max-von-Laue Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wolf MG, Groenhof G. Explicit proton transfer in classical molecular dynamics simulations. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:657-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten G. Wolf
- Computational Biomolecular Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11; Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Computational Biomolecular Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11; Göttingen D-37077, Germany
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Decornez H, Hammes-Schiffer S. Effects of Model Protein Environments on the Dynamics of Proton Wires. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Asthana A, Wheeler DR. A polarizable reactive force field for water to enable molecular dynamics simulations of proton transport. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4798457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Esai Selvan M, Keffer D, Cui S, Paddison S. Proton transport in water confined in carbon nanotubes: a reactive molecular dynamics study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08927021003752887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Ahadi E, Konermann L. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electrosprayed Water Nanodroplets: Internal Potential Gradients, Location of Excess Charge Centers, and “Hopping” Protons. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7071-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Ahadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Jiang B, Selvan ME, Keffer DJ, Edwards BJ. A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorodimethyl Ether. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13670-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811151m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangwu Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200
| | - David J. Keffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200
| | - Brian J. Edwards
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200
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Phillips LR, Cole CD, Hendershot RJ, Cotten M, Cross TA, Busath DD. Noncontact dipole effects on channel permeation. III. Anomalous proton conductance effects in gramicidin. Biophys J 2008; 77:2492-501. [PMID: 20540928 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/1998] [Accepted: 08/04/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton transport on water wires, of interest for many problems in membrane biology, is analyzed in side-chain analogs of gramicidin A channels. In symmetrical 0.1N HCl solutions, fluorination of channel Trp(11), Trp-(13), or Trp(15) side chains is found to inhibit proton transport, and replacement of one or more Trps with Phe enhances proton transport, the opposite of the effects on K(+) transport in lecithin bilayers. The current-voltage relations are superlinear, indicating that some membrane field-dependent process is rate limiting. The interfacial dipole effects are usually assumed to affect the rate of cation translocation across the channel. For proton conductance, however, water reorientation after proton translocation is anticipated to be rate limiting. We propose that the findings reported here are most readily interpreted as the result of dipole-dipole interactions between channel waters and polar side chains or lipid headgroups. In particular, if reorientation of the water column begins with the water nearest the channel exit, this hypothesis explains the negative impact of fluorination and the positive impact of headgroup dipole on proton conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Phillips
- Zoology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84062, USA
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Markovitch O, Chen H, Izvekov S, Paesani F, Voth GA, Agmon N. Special pair dance and partner selection: elementary steps in proton transport in liquid water. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:9456-66. [PMID: 18630857 DOI: 10.1021/jp804018y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conditional and time-dependent radial distribution functions reveal the details of the water structure surrounding the hydronium during the proton mobility process. Using this methodology for classical multistate empirical valence bond (MS-EVB) and ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories, as well as quantal MS-EVB trajectories, we supply statistical proof that proton hops in liquid water occur by a transition from the H3O+[3H2O] Eigen-complex, via the H5O2+ Zundel-complex, to a H3O+[3H2O] centered on a neighboring water molecule. In the "resting period" before a transition, there is a distorted hydronium with one of its water ligands at a shorter distance and another at a longer distance than average. The identity of this "special partner" interchanges rapidly within the three first-shell water ligands. This is coupled to cleavage of an acceptor-type hydrogen bond. Just before the transition, a partner is selected by an additional translation of the H3O+ moiety in its direction, possibly enabled by loosening of donor-type hydrogen bonds on the opposite side. We monitor the transition in real time, showing how the average structure is converted to a distorted H5O2+ cation constituting the transitional complex for proton hopping between water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Markovitch
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Molecular-Based Modeling of Water and Aqueous Solutions at Supercritical Conditions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141687.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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15
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Abstract
The important topic of proton transport through molecular wires is usually associated with the Grotthuss mechanism. In this paper we propose an alternative conductor based on chains of lone pairs. B3LYP/6-31+G** and PW91 DFT calculations on model compounds (1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted benzenes) show that these compounds could play the role of proton conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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Zahn D, Schmidt KF, Kast SM, Brickmann J. Quantum/Classical Investigation of Amide Protonation in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Zahn
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraβe 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Karl Friedemann Schmidt
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraβe 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Kast
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraβe 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brickmann
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraβe 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Lill MA, Helms V. Molecular dynamics simulation of proton transport with quantum mechanically derived proton hopping rates (Q-HOP MD). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1407293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lill MA, Helms V. Reaction rates for proton transfer over small barriers and connection to transition state theory. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1407292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Loerting T, Liedl KR. Water-Mediated Proton Transfer: A Mechanistic Investigation on the Example of the Hydration of Sulfur Oxides. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0038862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baaden M, Berny F, Wipff G. The chloroform / TBP / aqueous nitric acid interfacial system: a molecular dynamics investigation. J Mol Liq 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(00)00174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lill MA, Helms V. Compact parameter set for fast estimation of proton transfer rates. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1332993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Niedner-Schatteburg G, Bondybey VE. FT-ICR Studies of Solvation Effects in Ionic Water Cluster Reactions. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4059-86. [PMID: 11749340 DOI: 10.1021/cr990065o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Niedner-Schatteburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Lill MA, Hutter MC, Helms V. Accounting for Environmental Effects in ab Initio Calculations of Proton Transfer Barriers. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001550m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus A. Lill
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael C. Hutter
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Bach A, Coussan S, Müller A, Leutwyler S. Water-chain clusters: Vibronic spectra of 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Loerting T, Liedl KR. Temperature-Dependent Ways of Proton TransferA Benchmark Study on Cyclic HF Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9914774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Loerting
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Decornez H, Drukker K, Hammes-Schiffer S. Solvation and Hydrogen-Bonding Effects on Proton Wires. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984775u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Decornez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Karen Drukker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Hammes-Schiffer S. Mixed Quantum/Classical Dynamics of Hydrogen Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983246n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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