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Di Pino S, Donkor ED, Sánchez VM, Rodriguez A, Cassone G, Scherlis D, Hassanali A. ZundEig: The Structure of the Proton in Liquid Water from Unsupervised Learning. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9822-9832. [PMID: 37930954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the excess proton in liquid water has been the subject of lively debate on both experimental and theoretical fronts for the last century. Fluctuations of the proton are typically interpreted in terms of limiting states referred to as the Eigen and Zundel species. Here, we put these ideas under the microscope, taking advantage of recent advances in unsupervised learning that use local atomic descriptors to characterize environments of acidic water combined with advanced clustering techniques. Our agnostic approach leads to the observation of only one charged cluster and two neutral ones. We demonstrate that the charged cluster involving the excess proton is best seen as an ionic topological defect in water's hydrogen bond network, forming a single local minimum on the global free-energy landscape. This charged defect is a highly fluxional moiety, where the idealized Eigen and Zundel species are neither limiting configurations nor distinct thermodynamic states. Instead, the ionic defect enhances the presence of neutral water defects through strong interactions with the network. We dub the combination of the charged and neutral defect clusters as ZundEig, demonstrating that the fluctuations between these local environments provide a general framework for rationalizing more descriptive notions of the proton in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solana Di Pino
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edward Danquah Donkor
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Veronica M Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alex Rodriguez
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 12/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cassone
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council (CNR-IPCF), Viale Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Damian Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ali Hassanali
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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Giberti F, Hassanali AA, Ceriotti M, Parrinello M. The Role of Quantum Effects on Structural and Electronic Fluctuations in Neat and Charged Water. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13226-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507752e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Giberti
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich and Università della Svizzera Italiana, via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ali A. Hassanali
- The Abdus Salaam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics Section, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational
Science and Modeling, IMX, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich and Università della Svizzera Italiana, via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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Labile supramolecular structures and their dynamics in associated liquids based on NMR data. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Brancato G, Tuckerman ME. A polarizable multistate empirical valence bond model for proton transport in aqueous solution. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:224507. [PMID: 15974691 DOI: 10.1063/1.1902924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A multistate empirical valence bond model for proton transport in water, which explicitly includes solvent polarization, is presented. Polarization is included for each valence-bond state via induced point dipoles, and the model is parametrized to be used with an effective path integral derived potential surface, so as to include quantum effects of the transferring proton. The new model is shown to reproduce ab initio geometries and energetics for small protonated clusters. It is also shown that the new model gives a diffusion constant for the excess proton in water, which is in good agreement with experiment, and that the qualitative features of ab initio path integral simulations [D. Marx, M. E. Tuckerman, J. Hutter, and M. Parrinello, Nature (London) 397, 601 (1999)] are well reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Brancato
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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Lagodzinskaya G, Yunda N, Manelis G. H+-catalyzed symmetric proton exchange in neat liquids with a network of N–H⋯N and O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds and molecular mechanism of Grotthuss proton migration. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lill MA, Helms V. Reaction rates for proton transfer over small barriers and connection to transition state theory. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1407292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Loerting T, Liedl KR. Water-Mediated Proton Transfer: A Mechanistic Investigation on the Example of the Hydration of Sulfur Oxides. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0038862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Niedner-Schatteburg G, Bondybey VE. FT-ICR Studies of Solvation Effects in Ionic Water Cluster Reactions. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4059-86. [PMID: 11749340 DOI: 10.1021/cr990065o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Niedner-Schatteburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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