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Lapthorn AR, Ilg MM, Dziewulski P, Cellek S. Hydroxypyridone anti-fungals selectively induce myofibroblast apoptosis in an in vitro model of hypertrophic scars. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176369. [PMID: 38325796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars are a common complication of burn injuries, yet there are no medications to prevent their formation. During scar formation, resident fibroblasts are transformed to myofibroblasts which become resistant to apoptosis. Previously, we have shown that hydroxypyridone anti-fungals can inhibit transformation of fibroblasts, isolated from hypertrophic scars, to myofibroblasts. This study aimed to investigate if these drugs can also target myofibroblast persistence. Primary human dermal fibroblasts, derived from burn scar tissue, were exposed to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) for 72 h to induce myofibroblast transformation. The cells were then incubated with three hydroxypyridone anti-fungals (ciclopirox, ciclopirox ethanolamine and piroctone olamine; 0.03-300 μM) for a further 72 h. The In-Cell ELISA method was utilised to quantify myofibroblast transformation by measuring alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and DRAQ5 staining, to measure cell viability. TUNEL staining was utilised to assess if the drugs could induce apoptosis. When given to established myofibroblasts, the three hydroxypyridones did not reverse myofibroblast transformation, but instead elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. TUNEL staining confirmed that the hydroxypyridone anti-fungals induced apoptosis in established myofibroblasts. This is the first study to show that hydroxypyridone anti-fungals are capable of inducing apoptosis in established myofibroblasts. Together with our previous results, we suggest that hydroxypyridone anti-fungals can prevent scar formation by preventing the formation of new myofibroblasts and by reducing the number of existing myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ruth Lapthorn
- Fibrosis Research Group, Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.
| | - Marcus Maximillian Ilg
- Fibrosis Research Group, Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Peter Dziewulski
- Fibrosis Research Group, Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK; St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK; St Andrew's Anglia Ruskin Research Group (StAAR), Chelmsford, UK
| | - Selim Cellek
- Fibrosis Research Group, Medical Technology Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
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Malallah OS, Coleman L, Nasereddin SM, Lockhat M, Chen T, Jones SA. Systematic review and QSPR analysis of chemical penetration through the nail to inform onychomycosis candidate selection. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103844. [PMID: 38000719 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant nail plate infections can be life-long problems because localizing antifungal agents into infected tissues is problematic. In this systematic review, guided by the SPIDER method, we extracted chemical nail permeation data for 38 compounds from 16 articles, and analyzed the data using quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs). Our analysis demonstrated that low-molecular weight was essential for effective nail penetration, with <120 g/mol being preferred. Interestingly, chemical polarity had little effect on nail penetration; therefore, small polar molecules, which effectively penetrate the nail, but not the skin, should be set as the most desirable target chemical property in new post-screen onychomycosis candidate selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah S Malallah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Lucy Coleman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sara M Nasereddin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Mubis, Amman 11953, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Lockhat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Stuart A Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Phenotypic screening identifies hydroxypyridone anti-fungals as novel medicines for the prevention of hypertrophic scars. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 937:175374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chakraborty T, Gupta S, Nair A, Chauhan S, Saini V. Wound healing potential of insulin-loaded nanoemulsion with Aloe vera gel in diabetic rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shah H, Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Bharadia P, Haroun M. Proniosomal vesicles as an effective strategy to optimize naproxen transdermal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nair AB, Shah J, Al-Dhubiab BE, Jacob S, Patel SS, Venugopala KN, Morsy MA, Gupta S, Attimarad M, Sreeharsha N, Shinu P. Clarithromycin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Ocular Therapy: Optimization, Evaluation and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040523. [PMID: 33918870 PMCID: PMC8068826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are being extensively exploited as topical ocular carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study investigated the prospects of drug-loaded SLNs to increase the ocular permeation and improve the therapeutic potential of clarithromycin in topical ocular therapy. SLNs were formulated by high-speed stirring and the ultra-sonication method. Solubility studies were carried out to select stearic acid as lipid former, Tween 80 as surfactant, and Transcutol P as cosurfactant. Clarithromycin-loaded SLN were optimized by fractional factorial screening and 32 full factorial designs. Optimized SLNs (CL10) were evaluated for stability, morphology, permeation, irritation, and ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Fractional factorial screening design signifies that the sonication time and amount of lipid affect the SLN formulation. A 32 full factorial design established that both factors had significant influences on particle size, percent entrapment efficiency, and percent drug loading of SLNs. The release profile of SLNs (CL9) showed ~80% drug release in 8 h and followed Weibull model kinetics. Optimized SLNs (CL10) showed significantly higher permeation (30.45 μg/cm2/h; p < 0.0001) as compared to control (solution). CL10 showed spherical shape and good stability and was found non-irritant for ocular administration. Pharmacokinetics data demonstrated significant improvement of clarithromycin bioavailability (p < 0.0001) from CL10, as evidenced by a 150% increase in Cmax (~1066 ng/mL) and a 2.8-fold improvement in AUC (5736 ng h/mL) (p < 0.0001) as compared to control solution (Cmax; 655 ng/mL and AUC; 2067 ng h/mL). In summary, the data observed here demonstrate the potential of developed SLNs to improve the ocular permeation and enhance the therapeutic potential of clarithromycin, and hence could be a viable drug delivery approach to treat endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (J.S.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9909007411 (J.S.)
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (J.S.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9909007411 (J.S.)
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, Natal, South Africa
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133203, India;
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Wu L, Zhou K, Zong W, Chen Y, Sheng C. Single dose pharmacokinetics of topical iodiconazole creams in healthy Chinese volunteers. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:427-433. [PMID: 33478324 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1876962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1.In this study, the pharmacokinetics of new triazole antifungal iodiconzole creams at target sites after single-dose topical application was investigated.2.30 healthy Chinese volunteers were randomly divided into three groups after being stratified by sex, each group was given a single topical dose of 1%, 2%, 4% iodiconazole cream (0.4 g). Stratum corneum (SC) samples of treated sites were collected by tape-stripping method after the chosen contact times, and were extracted and analysed by a validated LC-MS method.3.After single-dose topical application of 1%, 2%, 4% iodiconazole creams, the Cmax of iodiconazole in SC was 1.2 ± 0.7, 2.2 ± 1.0, 2.4 ± 1.0 mg/g; Tmax was 3.3 ± 1.1, 2.9 ± 1.1, 3.8 ± 0.4 h; t1/2 was 6.6 ± 3.4 h, 7.2 ± 4.1 h, 5.9 ± 2.9 h; AUC0-t was 10.9 ± 3.0, 20.8 ± 10.4, 20.9 ± 7.9 mg·h/g; AUC0-∞ was 11.6 ± 2.9, 23.5 ± 14.4, 22.2 ± 8.9 mg·h/g, respectively. The results showed that Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ did not increase proportionately with dose, which could also be due to the drug being saturated in the formulation at ∼2%.4.The results of this study could provide reference for the clinical medication and further study of the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wu
- Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenkai Zong
- Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE. Preparation and evaluation of niosome gel containing acyclovir for enhanced dermal deposition. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:283-292. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1224897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE and
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
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Nair AB. Quantification of uptake and clearance of acyclovir in skin layers. Antivir Ther 2015; 21:17-25. [PMID: 26046929 DOI: 10.3851/imp2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of drug uptake and clearance in the skin layers could provide better insight into the skin kinetics of dermatological formulations aimed for deeper skin tissues. This study assessed the skin kinetics of acyclovir in different skin layers following topical application on the abdominal region of Wistar rats. METHODS In vivo skin pharmacokinetics parameters were determined by two different protocols such as post drug load assessment and subsequent drug load assessment following topical application of 500 mg of cream formulation containing 5% (w/w) of acyclovir. RESULTS Topical application of acyclovir exhibited concentration gradient between the skin layers (stratum corneum > viable epidermis > dermis) which were inconsistent over the time-course of the study. The rate and extent of drug reaching target site (basal epidermis) was relatively low. The drug uptake and clearance profiles were found to be distinct in all the three skin layers suggesting no drug concentration correlation (P<0.05) between skin layers. Drug concentration in the viable epidermis continued to increase even after termination of therapy (Tmax=4 h) and then declined rapidly. The availability of acyclovir in the target was comparatively low (approximately 0.4% of the applied dose) although an order of magnitude higher percentage was determined in the stratum corneum. CONCLUSIONS The data observed in this study demonstrates low skin uptake and rapid clearance of acyclovir in the target site. Further, the methodology employed can be useful for studying other topical antiviral agents as well as for optimizing formulations for drugs (such as acyclovir) that may enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
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Nair AB, Kumria R, Al-Dhubiab BE, Attimarad M, Harsha S. Noninvasive Sampling of Gabapentin by Reverse Iontophoresis. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1417-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Development and Evaluation of a Novel Drug in Adhesive Transdermal System of Levodopa and Carbidopa. J Pharm Innov 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-014-9195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. Comprehensive review on additives of topical dosage forms for drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:969-987. [PMID: 24456019 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.879355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays the most important role in protecting against pathogen and foreign matter. Three important modes such as topical, regional and transdermal are widely used for delivery of various dosage forms. Among these modes, the topical dosage forms are preferred because it provides local therapeutic activity when applied to the skin or mucous membranes. Additives or pharmaceutical excipients (non-drug component of dosage form) are used as inactive ingredients in dosage form or tools for structuring dosage forms. The main use of topical dosage form additives are controling the extent of absorption, maintaining the viscosity, improving the stability as well as organoleptic property and increasing the bulk of the formulation. The overall goal of this article is to provide the clinician with information related to the topical dosage form additives and their current major applications against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Garg
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab
| | - Goutam Rath
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab
| | - Amit K Goyal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab
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