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Mahardhika AB, Załuski M, Schoeder CT, Boshta NM, Schabikowski J, Perri F, Łażewska D, Neumann A, Kremers S, Oneto A, Ressemann A, Latacz G, Namasivayam V, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Müller CE. Potent, Selective Agonists for the Cannabinoid-like Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR18: A Promising Drug Target for Cancer and Immunity. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9896-9926. [PMID: 38885438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The human orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR18, activated by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), constitutes a promising drug target in immunology and cancer. However, studies on GPR18 are hampered by the lack of suitable tool compounds. In the present study, potent and selective GPR18 agonists were developed showing low nanomolar potency at human and mouse GPR18, determined in β-arrestin recruitment assays. Structure-activity relationships were analyzed, and selectivity versus cannabinoid (CB) and CB-like receptors was assessed. Compound 51 (PSB-KK1415, EC50 19.1 nM) was the most potent GPR18 agonist showing at least 25-fold selectivity versus CB receptors. The most selective GPR18 agonist 50 (PSB-KK1445, EC50 45.4 nM) displayed >200-fold selectivity versus both CB receptor subtypes, GPR55, and GPR183. The new GPR18 agonists showed minimal species differences, while THC acted as a weak partial agonist at the mouse receptor. The newly discovered compounds represent the most potent and selective GPR18 agonists reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andhika B Mahardhika
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 2873, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michal Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pl 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nader M Boshta
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pl 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Filomena Perri
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pl 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Kremers
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelo Oneto
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Ressemann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pl 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pl 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 2873, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Pidany F, Kroustkova J, Jenco J, Breiterova KH, Muckova L, Novakova L, Kunes J, Fibigar J, Kucera T, Novak M, Sorf A, Hrabinova M, Pulkrabkova L, Janousek J, Soukup O, Jun D, Korabecny J, Cahlikova L. Carltonine-derived compounds for targeted butyrylcholinesterase inhibition. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1601-1625. [PMID: 38784455 PMCID: PMC11110763 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation into human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) inhibitors as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) holds significant promise, addressing both symptomatic relief and disease progression. In the pursuit of novel drug candidates with a selective BChE inhibition pattern, we focused on naturally occurring template structures, specifically Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of the carltonine-type. Herein, we explored a series of compounds implementing an innovative chemical scaffold built on the 3- and 4-benzyloxy-benzylamino chemotype. Notably, compounds 28 (hBChE IC50 = 0.171 ± 0.063 μM) and 33 (hBChE IC50 = 0.167 ± 0.018 μM) emerged as top-ranked hBChE inhibitors. In silico simulations elucidated the binding modes of these compounds within hBChE. CNS availability was predicted using the BBB score algorithm, corroborated by in vitro permeability assessments with the most potent derivatives. Compound 33 was also inspected for aqueous solubility, microsomal and plasma stability. Chemoinformatics analysis validated these hBChE inhibitors for oral administration, indicating favorable gastrointestinal absorption in compliance with Lipinski's and Veber's rules. Safety assessments, crucial for the chronic administration typical in AD treatment, were conducted through cytotoxicity testing on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pidany
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kroustkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Jenco
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hradiska Breiterova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Fibigar
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Martin Novak
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Ales Sorf
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pulkrabkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janousek
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Military Faculty of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cahlikova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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Finger V, Kucera T, Kafkova R, Muckova L, Dolezal R, Kubes J, Novak M, Prchal L, Lakatos L, Andrs M, Hympanova M, Marek J, Kufa M, Spiwok V, Soukup O, Mezeiova E, Janousek J, Nevosadova L, Benkova M, Kitson RRA, Kratky M, Bősze S, Mikusova K, Hartkoorn R, Roh J, Korabecny J. 2,6-Disubstituted 7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-7H-purines as a new class of potent antitubercular agents inhibiting DprE1. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115611. [PMID: 37421887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of an in-house library of small molecule purine derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) led to the identification of 2-morpholino-7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one 10 as a potent antimycobacterial agent with MIC99 of 4 μM. Thorough structure-activity relationship studies revealed the importance of 7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl) substitution for antimycobacterial activity, yet opened the possibility of structural modifications at positions 2 and 6 of the purine core. As the result, optimized analogues with 6-amino or ethylamino substitution 56 and 64, respectively, were developed. These compounds showed strong in vitro antimycobacterial activity with MIC of 1 μM against Mtb H37Rv and against several clinically isolated drug-resistant strains, had limited toxicity to mammalian cell lines, medium clearance with respect to phase I metabolic deactivation (27 and 16.8 μL/min/mg), sufficient aqueous solubility (>90 μM) and high plasma stability. Interestingly, investigated purines, including compounds 56 and 64, lacked activity against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, indicating a specific mycobacterial molecular target. To investigate the mechanism of action, Mtb mutants resistant to hit compound 10 were isolated and their genomes were sequenced. Mutations were found in dprE1 (Rv3790), which encodes decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase DprE1, enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of arabinose, a vital component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Inhibition of DprE1 by 2,6-disubstituted 7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-7H-purines was proved using radiolabelling experiments in Mtb H37Rv in vitro. Finally, structure-binding relationships between selected purines and DprE1 using molecular modeling studies in tandem with molecular dynamic simulations revealed the key structural features for effective drug-target interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Finger
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kafkova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubes
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Novak
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Levente Lakatos
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hympanova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Marek
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kufa
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janousek
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Nevosadova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Russell R A Kitson
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kratky
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Katarina Mikusova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ruben Hartkoorn
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Qi B, Gijsen M, De Vocht T, Deferm N, Van Brantegem P, Abza GB, Nauwelaerts N, Wauters J, Spriet I, Annaert P. Unravelling the Hepatic Elimination Mechanisms of Colistin. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1723-1734. [PMID: 37258948 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colistin is an antibiotic which is increasingly used as a last-resort therapy in critically-ill patients with multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms underlying colistin's pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior and to characterize its hepatic metabolism. METHODS In vitro incubations were performed using colistin sulfate with rat liver microsomes (RLM) and with rat and human hepatocytes (RH and HH) in suspension. The uptake of colistin in RH/HH and thefraction of unbound colistin in HH (fu,hep) was determined. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was employed to predict the hepatic clearance (CLh) of colistin. RESULTS Slow metabolism was detected in RH/HH, with intrinsic clearance (CLint) values of 9.34± 0.50 and 3.25 ± 0.27 mL/min/kg, respectively. Assuming the well-stirred model for hepatic drug elimination, the predicted rat CLh was 3.64± 0.22 mL/min/kg which could explain almost 70% of the reported non-renal in vivo clearance. The predicted human CLh was 91.5 ± 8.83 mL/min, which was within two-fold of the reported plasma clearance in healthy volunteers. When colistin was incubated together with the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP/Mrp) inhibitor benzbromarone, the intracellular accumulation of colistin in RH/HH increased significantly. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the major role of hepatic metabolism in the non-renal clearance of colistin, while MRP/Mrp-mediated efflux is involved in the hepatic disposition of colistin. Our data provide detailed quantitative insights into the hereto unknown mechanisms responsible for non-renal elimination of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qi
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Matthias Gijsen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom De Vocht
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neel Deferm
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Brantegem
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Getahun B Abza
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Nauwelaerts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Wauters
- Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
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de Loor H, Vanhove T, Annaert P, Lescrinier E, Kuypers D. Determination of tacrolimus, three mono-demethylated metabolites and a M1 tautomer in human whole blood by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114296. [PMID: 34392130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressant tacrolimus is the primary drug used in kidney transplantation to prevent organ rejection. A sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to measure tacrolimus and its three known mono-demethylated metabolites 13-O-desmethyl tacrolimus (M1), 31-O-desmethyl tacrolimus (M2), 15-O-desmethyl tacrolimus (M3). By generating the metabolites to use as standards after incubation of tacrolimus with rat liver microsomes, we discovered multiple M1 peaks which we identified as two tautomers of M1. The M1 tautomer II was also successfully validated in this method. The separation and purification of the metabolites and tautomers were performed by semi-preparative liquid chromatography with UV-detection, while confirmation was done by UPLC-MS/MS and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. For quantification an easy sample preparation was performed with zinc sulfate and acetonitrile as cell lyses and precipitation. Detection was performed in positive electrospray ionization. By better characterization of the metabolites and the tautomers, we could possibly explain insight into the clinical condition and thus adjust the immunosuppressant therapy individually per patient. Calibration curves were linear for all compounds. Precision was assessed according to the NCCLS EP5-T guideline, being below 15 % and mean recoveries were between 93 and 110 % for tacrolimus, its three metabolites and the M1 tautomer II. The validated method was successfully applied in a cohort of 20 patients after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette de Loor
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanhove
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Qi B, Gijsen M, Van Brantegem P, De Vocht T, Deferm N, Abza GB, Nauwelaerts N, Wauters J, Spriet I, Annaert P. Quantitative determination of colistin A/B and colistin methanesulfonate in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:1183-1195. [PMID: 32336034 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polycation antibiotic which is increasingly used (administered as colistin methanesulfonate, CMS) as a salvage therapy in critically ill patients with multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections. Even though colistin has been used for more than 50 years, its metabolic fate is poorly understood. One of the current challenges for studying the pharmacokinetics (PK) is the precise and accurate determination of colistin in in vitro and in vivo studies. In the present study, we developed and validated a series of sensitive and robust liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for analysing biological samples obtained from in vitro and in vivo disposition assays. After a zinc acetate-mediated precipitation, hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced solid phase extraction (HLB-SPE) was used for the extraction of colistin. The compounds were retained on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column and were detected by MS/MS. CMS was quantified by determining the produced amount of colistin during acidic hydrolysis. The developed methods are sensitive with lower limits of quantification varying between 0.009 μg/mL and 0.071 μg/mL for colistin A, and 0.002 μg/mL to 0.013 μg/mL for colistin B. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within ±15%. Calibration curves of colistin were linear (0.063 μg/mL to 8.00 μg/mL) within clinically relevant concentration ranges. Zinc acetate-mediated precipitation and the use of a HILIC column were found to be essential. The developed methods are sensitive, accurate, precise, highly efficient and allow monitoring colistin and CMS in biological samples without the need for an internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qi
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Gijsen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.,Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Brantegem
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom De Vocht
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neel Deferm
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Getahun B Abza
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Nauwelaerts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Wauters
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.,Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
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Louisse J, Alewijn M, Peijnenburg AA, Cnubben NH, Heringa MB, Coecke S, Punt A. Towards harmonization of test methods for in vitro hepatic clearance studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 63:104722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Giusti A, Nguyen XB, Kislyuk S, Mignot M, Ranieri C, Nicolaï J, Oorts M, Wu X, Annaert P, De Croze N, Léonard M, Ny A, Cabooter D, de Witte P. Safety Assessment of Compounds after In Vitro Metabolic Conversion Using Zebrafish Eleuthero Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071712. [PMID: 30959884 PMCID: PMC6479637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish-based platforms have recently emerged as a useful tool for toxicity testing as they combine the advantages of in vitro and in vivo methodologies. Nevertheless, the capacity to metabolically convert xenobiotics by zebrafish eleuthero embryos is supposedly low. To circumvent this concern, a comprehensive methodology was developed wherein test compounds (i.e., parathion, malathion and chloramphenicol) were first exposed in vitro to rat liver microsomes (RLM) for 1 h at 37 °C. After adding methanol, the mixture was ultrasonicated, placed for 2 h at −20 °C, centrifuged and the supernatant evaporated. The pellet was resuspended in water for the quantification of the metabolic conversion and the detection of the presence of metabolites using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Ultraviolet-Mass (UHPLC-UV-MS). Next, three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish eleuthero embryos were exposed to the metabolic mix diluted in Danieau’s medium for 48 h at 28 °C, followed by a stereomicroscopic examination of the adverse effects induced, if any. The novelty of our method relies in the possibility to quantify the rate of the in vitro metabolism of the parent compound and to co-incubate three dpf larvae and the diluted metabolic mix for 48 h without inducing major toxic effects. The results for parathion show an improved predictivity of the toxic potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giusti
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xuan-Bac Nguyen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stanislav Kislyuk
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cecilia Ranieri
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Johan Nicolaï
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marlies Oorts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Noémie De Croze
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Marc Léonard
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Nicolaï J, Thevelin L, Bing Q, Stieger B, Chanteux H, Augustijns P, Annaert P. Role of the OATP Transporter Family and a Benzbromarone-SensitiveEfflux Transporter in the Hepatocellular Disposition of Vincristine. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2336-2348. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Riede J, Poller B, Huwyler J, Camenisch G. Assessing the Risk of Drug-Induced Cholestasis Using Unbound Intrahepatic Concentrations. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:523-531. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Nicolai J, De Bruyn T, Thevelin L, Augustijns P, Annaert P. Transport-Metabolism Interplay of Atazanavir in Rat Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:389-97. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Keemink J, Wuyts B, Nicolaï J, Jonghe SD, Stella A, Herdewijn P, Augustijns P, Annaert P. In vitro disposition profiling of heterocyclic compounds. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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