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Liu H, Li W, Zhang W, Sun S, Chen C. Levothyroxine: Conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:393-416. [PMID: 36412275 PMCID: PMC10166268 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that levothyroxine is one of the most prescribed medications in the world, its bioavailability has been reported to be impaired by many factors, including interfering drugs or foods and concomitant diseases, and persistent hypothyroidism with a high dose of levothyroxine is thus elicited. Persistent hypothyroidism can also be induced by noninterchangeability between formulations and poor compliance. To address these issues, some strategies have been developed. Novel formulations (liquid solutions and soft-gel capsules) have been designed to eliminate malabsorption. Some other delivery routes (injections, suppositories, sprays, and sublingual and transdermal administrations) are aimed at circumventing different difficulties in dosing, such as thyroid emergencies and dysphagia. Moreover, nanomaterials have been used to develop delivery systems for the sustained release of levothyroxine to improve patient compliance and reduce costs. Some delivery systems encapsulating nanoparticles show promising release profiles. In this review, we first summarize the medical conditions that interfere with the bioavailability of oral levothyroxine and discuss the underlying mechanisms and treatments. The efficacy of liquid solutions and soft-gel capsules are systematically evaluated. We further summarize the novel delivery routes for levothyroxine and their possible applications. Nanomaterials in the levothyroxine field are then discussed and compared based on their load and release profile. We hope the article provides novel insights into the drug delivery of levothyroxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Asghari-Sana F, Khoshbakht S, Azarbayjani AF. New approach to treat methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus with the application of boric acid. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kaurav H, Sharma A, Upadhyay NK, Kapoor DN. Long term delivery of glibenclamide from in situ forming microparticles for the treatment of ischemic stroke. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cheruvu HS, Liu X, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Modeling percutaneous absorption for successful drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1181-1198. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1781085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanumanth Srikanth Cheruvu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E. Grice
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Michael S. Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
- University of South Australia School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Fabrication and characterization of tretinoin-loaded nanofiber for topical skin delivery. Biomater Res 2020; 24:8. [PMID: 32161662 PMCID: PMC7053082 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-020-00186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tretinoin or all-trans retinoic acid is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and photo-aging. This work aims to develop tretinoin-loaded nanofibers as a potential anti-acne patch and to investigate its physicochemical characteristics. Method Nanofibers were produced via electrospinning method and surface topography was evaluated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The functional groups of polymer and the drug molecule and the possible interactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug release studies were carried out by total immersion method at 25 °C and 32 °C. Tretinoin stability was evaluated at room temperature and fridge for 45 days. The possibility of synergistic antibacterial activity of tretinoin and erythromycin combination was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923™) and (ATCC® 29213™) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results Uniform fibers without drug crystals were fabricated via electrospinning. Drug-loaded nanofibers show inherent stability under various storage conditions. Electrospun nanofibers showed a prolonged release of tretinoin. The stability of formulations in FT was higher than RT. Disc diffusion tests did not show any synergism in the antibacterial activity of erythromycin when used in combination with tretinoin. Conclusion It can be anticipated that the easy fabrication, low costs and dosing frequency of the construct reported here provide a platform that can be adapted for on-demand delivery of tretinoin. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Electrospun wound dressing as a promising tool for the therapeutic delivery of ascorbic acid and caffeine. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:757-767. [PMID: 31840563 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work is to formulate a wound dressing for the delivery of ascorbic acid and caffeine. Method: A wound dressing was developed from electrospun nanofiber containing ascorbic acid and caffeine. In vitro drug release was performed at 25°C and 32°C. Wound healing activity of the nanofiber mats was tested in vivo using rat model with skin excision. Antifungal activity of the dressing was tested on Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method. Results & conclusion: Zone of inhibition was 6.7 mm for caffeine dressing; however, inhibition zone increased to 16.7 mm for samples containing both caffeine and ascorbic acid. Animals treated with ascorbic acid showed collagen deposition and very few fibroblast cells. Blood vessels and fibroblasts were increased in caffeine-loaded dressings compared with the ascorbic acid group. The findings of the present work suggest the benefits of topical ascorbic acid and caffeine for its high wound healing effects.
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Adeleke OA. Premium ethylcellulose polymer based architectures at work in drug delivery. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100023. [PMID: 31517288 PMCID: PMC6733301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Premium ethylcellulose polymers are hydrophobic cellulose ether based biomaterials widely employed as biocompatible templates for the design of novel drug delivery systems. They are classified as United States Food and Drug Administration Generally-Recognized-As-Safe chemical substances and have been extensively utilized within the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries for over half a century. They have so far demonstrated the potential to modulate and improve the physiological performance of bioactives leading to the desired enhanced prophylactic and therapeutic outcomes. This review therefore presents a scholarly survey of inter-disciplinary developments focused on the functionalities of ethylcellulose polymers as biomaterials useful for the design of smart delivery architectures for relevant pharmacotherapeutic biomedical applications. Emphasis was placed on evaluating scientific resources related to recent advancements and future directions associated with its applications as delivery systems for drugs and biologics within the past decade thus complementing other specialized reviews showcasing the theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A. Adeleke
- Address: Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Azarbayjani AF, Talebi N, Diba K. Development and characterization of hydroquinone-loaded nanofiber for topical delivery: effect of chitosan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1564575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Azarbayjani
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naimeh Talebi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kambiz Diba
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Kim AR, Lee SL, Park SN. Properties and in vitro drug release of pH- and temperature-sensitive double cross-linked interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid/poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) for transdermal delivery of luteolin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:731-740. [PMID: 29940230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared double cross-linked interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels composed of temperature sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and pH sensitive hyaluronic acid (HA) by radical polymerization and Michael addition. Their physicochemical properties for transdermal delivery of luteolin inhibiting the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis were investigated and drug release studies were performed. Double networks of HA/PNIPAM IPN hydrogel were identified through FT-IR and 13CNMR. By measuring the swelling ratios pH and temperature sensitivity were confirmed, and it was influenced by the content of a cross-linking agent. As a result of texture analysis and rheometry, a IPN hydrogel with 3% crosslinker content had the most adhesive and stable cross-linked network. Therefore, luteolin was loaded on this hydrogel. Its drug release behavior was determined at various temperatures and pH using several drug release kinetic models. As a result of skin permeation study, HA/PNIPAM IPN hydrogel effectively delivers luteolin to the epidermis and dermis. No toxicity was observed as a result of observing cytotoxicity of the hydrogel for application to the skin. In conclusion, IPN hydrogels can be developed as carriers of transdermal delivery system of luteolin for psoriasis skin relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rang Kim
- Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Sang Lae Lee
- Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Soo Nam Park
- Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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Artemisinin-loaded niosome and pegylated niosome: physico-chemical characterization and effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kashanian S, Rostami E, Harding FJ, McInnes SJP, Al-Bataineh S, Voelcker NH. Controlled Delivery of Levothyroxine Using Porous Silicon as a Drug Nanocontainer. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) materials are regarded as promising drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, in vivo degradation, and resorption. We examine pSi films as a platform for the controlled delivery of levothyroxine, as a means to overcome problems with consistent dosage of this drug by oral administration. Oxidized pSi films were modified with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), creating a surface chemistry that increased levothyroxine drug loading capacity by 50 % and sustained drug release under physiological conditions for 14 days. Release kinetics from APTES-functionalized films initially followed a zero-order release profile, which is highly desirable for drug delivery. The loading and release profiles of levothyroxine suggest that the film size required to deliver a therapeutic dose is feasible for further consideration as an implantable delivery system.
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Fathi-Azarbayjani A, Jouyban A. Surface tension in human pathophysiology and its application as a medical diagnostic tool. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:29-44. [PMID: 25901295 PMCID: PMC4401165 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Pathological features of disease appear to be quite different. Despite this diversity, the common feature of various disorders underlies physicochemical and biochemical factors such as surface tension. Human biological fluids comprise various proteins and phospholipids which are capable of adsorption at fluid interfaces and play a vital role in the physiological function of human organs. Surface tension of body fluids correlates directly to the development of pathological states.
Methods: In this review, the variety of human diseases mediated by the surface tension changes of biological phenomena and the failure of biological fluids to remain in their native state are discussed.
Results: Dynamic surface tension measurements of human biological fluids depend on various parameters such as sex, age and changes during pregnancy or certain disease. It is expected that studies of surface tension behavior of human biological fluids will provide additional information and might become useful in medical practice. Theoretical background on surface tension measurement and surface tension values of reference fluids obtained from healthy and sick patients are depicted.
Conclusion: It is well accepted that no single biomarker will be effective in clinical diagnosis. The surface tension measurement combined with routine lab tests may be a novel non-invasive method which can not only facilitate the discovery of diagnostic models for various diseases and its severity, but also be a useful tool for monitoring treatment efficacy. We therefore expect that studies of surface tension behavior of human biological fluids will provide additional useful information in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wang Y, Qin J, Wei Y, Li C, Ma G. Preparation strategies of thermo-sensitive P(NIPAM-co-AA) microspheres with narrow size distribution. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yang Y, Bugno J, Hong S. Nanoscale polymeric penetration enhancers in topical drug delivery. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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