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Jelin AC, Sopko N, Sobreira N, Boyadjiev SA, Wohler E, Morrill C, Witmer PD, Michaud J, Valle D, Gearhart J, Dicarlo H. Rare exonic CELSR3 variants identified in Bladder Exstrophy Epispadias Complex. Front Genet 2024; 15:1266210. [PMID: 38903756 PMCID: PMC11188427 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1266210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction/background Bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) is a rare congenital anomaly of unknown etiology, although, genetic and environmental factors have been associated with its development. Variants in several genes expressed in the urogenital pathway have been reported as causative for bladder exstrophy in human and murine models. The expansion of next-generation sequencing and molecular genomics has improved our ability to identify the underlying genetic causes of similarly complex diseases and could thus assist with the investigation of the molecular basis of BEEC. Objective The objective was to identify the presence of rare heterozygous variants in genes previously implicated in bladder exstrophy and correlate them with the presence or absence of bladder regeneration in our study population. Patients and Methods We present a case series of 12 patients with BEEC who had bladder biopsies performed by pediatric urology during bladder neck reconstruction or bladder augmentation. Cases were classified as "sufficient" or "insufficient" (n = 5 and 7, respectively) based on a bladder volume of greater than or less than 40% of expected bladder size. Control bladder tissue specimens were obtained from patients (n = 6) undergoing biopsies for conditions other than bladder exstrophy. Whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from the bladder specimens. Based on the hypothesis of de novo mutations, as well as the potential implications of autosomal dominant conditions with incomplete penetrance, each case was evaluated for autosomal dominant variants in a set of genes previously implicated in BEEC. Results Our review of the literature identified 44 genes that have been implicated in human models of bladder exstrophy. Our whole exome sequencing data analysis identified rare variants in two of these genes among the cases classified as sufficient, and seven variants in five of these genes among the cases classified as insufficient. Conclusion We identified rare variants in seven previously implicated genes in our BEEC specimens. Additional research is needed to further understand the cellular signaling underlying this potentially genetically heterogeneous embryological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C. Jelin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nikolai Sopko
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nara Sobreira
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christian Morrill
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - P. Dane Witmer
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jason Michaud
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Valle
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Gearhart
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Heather Dicarlo
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Beaman GM, Cervellione RM, Keene D, Reutter H, Newman WG. The Genomic Architecture of Bladder Exstrophy Epispadias Complex. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081149. [PMID: 34440323 PMCID: PMC8391660 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) is an abdominal midline malformation comprising a spectrum of congenital genitourinary abnormalities of the abdominal wall, pelvis, urinary tract, genitalia, anus, and spine. The vast majority of BEEC cases are classified as non-syndromic and the etiology of this malformation is still unknown. This review presents the current knowledge on this multifactorial disorder, including phenotypic and anatomical characterization, epidemiology, proposed developmental mechanisms, existing animal models, and implicated genetic and environmental components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda M. Beaman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Raimondo M. Cervellione
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (R.M.C.); (D.K.)
| | - David Keene
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (R.M.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - William G. Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Correspondence:
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Arenas Hoyos J, Pedraza Bermeo A, Pérez Niño J. Experiencia en el abordaje de pacientes con complejo extrofia-epispadias en un centro de alto nivel de complejidad en Colombia, 10 años. UROLOGÍA COLOMBIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uroco.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos El complejo extrofia-epispadias (CEE) se considera una de las malformaciones más severas de la línea media de compromiso multisistémico. La extrofia vesical es la presentación más frecuente en el espectro del complejo. Esta patología tiene un alto impacto en la calidad de vida. A pesar de la relación entre un cierre primario temprano y mejores resultados, en nuestro medio la remisión es tardía y la experiencia es escasa. El objetivo del siguiente estudio es mostrar la experiencia en el abordaje de CEE en los últimos 10 años en una institución de alto nivel de complejidad y remisión en Colombia.Materiales y métodos Se realiza un estudio observacional descriptivo, con una serie de casos del 2006 al 2016.Resultados En 10 años, se presentaron 5 casos de CEE en un centro de alta complejidad y remisión en Colombia. La mayoría de los pacientes han tenido múltiples intervenciones; la edad del primer procedimiento fue 829 días en promedio (27,6 meses). Se ha tenido un seguimiento postoperatorio promedio de 2,8 años. No se han presentado neoplasias en el seguimiento. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes son infección y litiasis. Ninguno de los pacientes contactados reportó inicio de vida sexual. La escala International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) tuvo un promedio de 9 puntos. Existen factores sociales asociados en nuestro medio.Conclusión El CEE requiere un abordaje temprano y multidisciplinario en instituciones con experiencia; los resultados en continencia urinaria, función sexual, desarrollo psicosocial y calidad de vida están sujetos a tratamiento oportuno de la patología.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Arenas Hoyos
- Estudiante de Medicina, quinto año, División de Investigación en Urología y Genética, Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Pedraza Bermeo
- Residente de Urología, tercer año, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Pérez Niño
- Especialista en Urología, jefe del Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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4
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Keppler-Noreuil KM, Conway KM, Shen D, Rhoads AJ, Carey JC, Romitti PA. Clinical and risk factor analysis of cloacal defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2873-2885. [PMID: 28960693 PMCID: PMC5650529 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cloacal exstrophy (CE) and persistent cloaca (PC) (alternatively termed urorectal septum malformation sequence [URSMS]), represent two major cloacal defects (CDs). Clinical characteristics and risk factors often are studied for both defects combined, rather than exploring if these defects have different etiologies. We enumerated clinical features for 47 CE and 54 PC (inclusive of URSMS) cases from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Thirty-three CE cases were classified as isolated and 14 as multiple (presence of unassociated major defects); respective totals for PC cases were 26 and 28. We compared selected child and maternal characteristics between 11,829 non-malformed controls and CE and PC cases using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Compared to controls, CE and PC cases were statistically more likely (p < 0.05) to be preterm; CE cases were more likely to be multiple births. We conducted logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for any CD, CE, and PC with selected self-reported maternal prepregnancy and periconceptional (one month prior to 3 months following conception) exposures. In crude and adjusted analyses, we observed significant positive associations for any CD, CE, and PC with use of any fertility medication or assisted reproductive technology procedure. Significant positive associations observed only in crude analyses were any CD with maternal obesity or use of progesterone, any CD and CE with any x-ray, and any CD and PC with use of folate antagonist medications. Our findings provide some of the first insights into potential differing etiologies for CE and PC.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/physiopathology
- Adult
- Anus, Imperforate/diagnosis
- Anus, Imperforate/epidemiology
- Anus, Imperforate/physiopathology
- Bladder Exstrophy/diagnosis
- Bladder Exstrophy/epidemiology
- Bladder Exstrophy/physiopathology
- Cloaca/physiopathology
- Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis
- Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology
- Congenital Abnormalities/physiopathology
- Female
- Hernia, Umbilical/diagnosis
- Hernia, Umbilical/epidemiology
- Hernia, Umbilical/physiopathology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Risk Factors
- Scoliosis/diagnosis
- Scoliosis/epidemiology
- Scoliosis/physiopathology
- Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnosis
- Urogenital Abnormalities/epidemiology
- Urogenital Abnormalities/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Keppler-Noreuil
- Medical Genomics & Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kristin M. Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dereck Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony J. Rhoads
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John C. Carey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa
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Zhang R, Knapp M, Kause F, Reutter H, Ludwig M. Role of the LF-SINE-Derived Distal ISL1 Enhancer in Patients with Classic Bladder Exstrophy. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:169-173. [PMID: 28794909 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study and meta-analysis identified ISL1 as the first genome-wide significant susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy (CBE). A short interspersed repetitive element (SINE), first detected in lobe-finned fishes (LF-SINE), was shown to drive Isl1 expression in embryonic mouse genital eminence. Hence, we assumed this enhancer a conclusive target for mutations associated with CBE formation and analyzed a cohort of 200 CBE patients. Although we identified two enhancer variants in five CBE patients, their clinical significance seems unlikely, implying that sequence variants in the ISL1 LF-SINE enhancer are not frequently associated with CBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Kause
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Reinfeldt Engberg G, Mantel Ä, Fossum M, Nordenskjöld A. Maternal and fetal risk factors for bladder exstrophy: A nationwide Swedish case-control study. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:304.e1-304.e7. [PMID: 27499280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder exstrophy is a rare, congenital, complex malformation where the underlying cause is largely unknown. Both environmental and genetic mechanisms are thought to be involved. There are divergent results concerning the prevalence, birth descriptive data, and potential maternal risk factors for bladder exstrophy. Few previous studies have reflected nationwide populations, population registers, or spanned a longer period of time. OBJECTIVE To describe and assess bladder exstrophy and the potential maternal risk factors, for a time period of four decades, by conducting a nationwide register study of bladder exstrophy in Sweden. METHODS A matched-design, case-control, linkage-analysis study nested within the entire pool of live births in Sweden between 1973 and 2011 was performed. Cases with bladder exstrophy were identified using nationwide population-based birth and health registers. Inclusion criteria were people born in Sweden with the classification of bladder exstrophy according to the ICD coding system. Cases were matched with five controls per patient, based on birth year and sex. Prevalence was assessed and birth descriptive data were compiled. Potential maternal risk factors were obtained from medical birth registers of cases and assessed using conditional and multivariate logistic regression models to obtain odds ratios as a measure of the relative risk. Classification of the diagnosis in the registers constituted a possible limitation for determining the correct study population, which demanded strict validation and inclusion criteria. All data were collected prospectively, thereby avoiding potential recall bias. RESULTS The prevalence was calculated to be approximately 3 per 100,000 live births, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.14:1. In 92.5% of the cases, bladder exstrophy was an isolated malformation without associated major malformations. However, 41% had had surgery for congenital inguinal hernia and 11% of the male subjects had been operated on for cryptorchidism. A significantly higher proportion of cases had a birth weight <1500 g compared with controls, but other characteristics were comparable with controls. High maternal age was the only significant potential associated maternal risk factor. CONCLUSIONS One hundred and twenty children born with bladder exstrophy in Sweden during the last four decades were identified; this resulted in prevalence in Sweden of 3 per 100,000. The prevalence was stable over time and the sex ratio was equal. Birth characteristics were comparable to controls, and bladder exstrophy generally occurred as an isolated malformation without major associated malformations. Advanced maternal age was the only significant potential maternal risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reinfeldt Engberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Section of Urology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ä Mantel
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna (MedS), K2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Fossum
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Section of Urology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Nordenskjöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Section of Urology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Reutter H, Keppler-Noreuil K, E Keegan C, Thiele H, Yamada G, Ludwig M. Genetics of Bladder-Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC): Systematic Elucidation of Mendelian and Multifactorial Phenotypes. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:4-13. [PMID: 27013921 PMCID: PMC4780475 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666151014221806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bladder-Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC) represents the severe end of the uro-rectal malformation spectrum, and has a profound impact on continence, and on sexual and renal function. While previous reports of familial occurrence, in-creased recurrence among first-degree relatives, high concordance rates among monozygotic twins, and chromosomal aberra-tions were suggestive of causative genetic factors, the recent identification of copy number variations (CNVs), susceptibility regions and genes through the systematic application of array based analysis, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide strong evidence. These findings in human BEEC cohorts are underscored by the recent description of BEEC(-like) murine knock-out models. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the potential molecular mechanisms, mediating abnormal uro-rectal development leading to the BEEC, demonstrating the importance of ISL1-pathway in human and mouse and propose SLC20A1 and CELSR3 as the first BEEC candidate genes, identified through systematic whole-exome sequencing (WES) in BEEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Reutter
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kim Keppler-Noreuil
- Human Development Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Michigan, USA
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gen Yamada
- Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Draaken M, Knapp M, Pennimpede T, Schmidt JM, Ebert AK, Rösch W, Stein R, Utsch B, Hirsch K, Boemers TM, Mangold E, Heilmann S, Ludwig KU, Jenetzky E, Zwink N, Moebus S, Herrmann BG, Mattheisen M, Nöthen MM, Ludwig M, Reutter H. Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis identify ISL1 as genome-wide significant susceptibility gene for bladder exstrophy. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005024. [PMID: 25763902 PMCID: PMC4357422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) represents the severe end of the uro-rectal malformation spectrum, and is thought to result from aberrant embryonic morphogenesis of the cloacal membrane and the urorectal septum. The most common form of BEEC is isolated classic bladder exstrophy (CBE). To identify susceptibility loci for CBE, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 110 CBE patients and 1,177 controls of European origin. Here, an association was found with a region of approximately 220kb on chromosome 5q11.1. This region harbors the ISL1 (ISL LIM homeobox 1) gene. Multiple markers in this region showed evidence for association with CBE, including 84 markers with genome-wide significance. We then performed a meta-analysis using data from a previous GWAS by our group of 98 CBE patients and 526 controls of European origin. This meta-analysis also implicated the 5q11.1 locus in CBE risk. A total of 138 markers at this locus reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis, and the most significant marker (rs9291768) achieved a P value of 2.13 × 10-12. No other locus in the meta-analysis achieved genome-wide significance. We then performed murine expression analyses to follow up this finding. Here, Isl1 expression was detected in the genital region within the critical time frame for human CBE development. Genital regions with Isl1 expression included the peri-cloacal mesenchyme and the urorectal septum. The present study identified the first genome-wide significant locus for CBE at chromosomal region 5q11.1, and provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that ISL1 is the responsible candidate gene in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Draaken
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tracie Pennimpede
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anne-Karolin Ebert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rösch
- Department of Pediatric Urology, St. Hedwig Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Stein
- Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Utsch
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Hirsch
- Department of Urology, Division of Paediatric Urology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Boemers
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Children’s Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Heilmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekkehart Jenetzky
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Zwink
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard G. Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Draaken M, Baudisch F, Timmermann B, Kuhl H, Kerick M, Proske J, Wittler L, Pennimpede T, Ebert AK, Rösch W, Stein R, Bartels E, von Lowtzow C, Boemers TM, Herms S, Gearhart JP, Lakshmanan Y, Kockum CC, Holmdahl G, Läckgren G, Nordenskjöld A, Boyadjiev SA, Herrmann BG, Nöthen MM, Ludwig M, Reutter H. Classic bladder exstrophy: Frequent 22q11.21 duplications and definition of a 414 kb phenocritical region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:512-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Draaken
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Friederike Baudisch
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Next Generation Sequencing Group; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Heiner Kuhl
- Next Generation Sequencing Group; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kerick
- Next Generation Sequencing Group; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Judith Proske
- Department of Developmental Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Lars Wittler
- Department of Developmental Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Tracie Pennimpede
- Department of Developmental Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rösch
- Department of Pediatric Urology; St. Hedwig Hospital Barmherzige Brμder; Regensburg Germany
| | - Raimund Stein
- Department of Urology; University of Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Enrika Bartels
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Catharina von Lowtzow
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas M. Boemers
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology; Children's Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics and Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - John P. Gearhart
- Division of Urology; The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore
| | - Yegappan Lakshmanan
- Children's Hospital of Michigan; Department of Pediatric Urology; Detroit Michigan
| | | | - Gundela Holmdahl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Göran Läckgren
- Section of Urology; Uppsala Academic Children Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Agnetha Nordenskjöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Section of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; University of California Davis; Sacramento California
| | - Bernhard G. Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Neonatology; Children's Hospital; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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